Browse > Article

Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria in the Oral Cavity of Smokers or Non-Smokers  

Jeong, Hyun-Ja (Department of Dental Hygiene, Daegu Health College)
Kim, Su-Jung (Department of Clinical Pathology, Daegu Health College)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Microbiology / v.46, no.4, 2010 , pp. 334-340 More about this Journal
Abstract
It is well known that smoking as well as drinking is a factor of stomatopathy, however there are few investigations about comparison of oral flora between smokers and non-smokers. In this study, we isolated the oral flora of 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers and cultured them on blood agar plates. The isolated pathogenic microorganisms were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and resistance using the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing method. Each colony was stained using the Gram staining method and was identified by an automatic identifier, known as the VITEK system. We isolated 41 colonies from smokers' oral cavity, and they were sorted as 63% of Gram-positive cocci, 29% of Gram-negative cocci, 3% of Gram-positive bacilli, and 5% of Gram-negative bacilli by gram staining, whereas 38 colonies were isolated from non-smoters' oral cavity, and their proportions were 55% of Gram-positive cocci, 26% of Gram-negative cocci, 3% of Gram-positive bacilli, and 16% of Gram-negative bacilli. The VITEK system revealed specific distribution of bacteria species that Streptococcus mutans (6/41), Gemella morillorum (6/41), Streptococcus oralis (2/41), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1/41), Staphylococcus aureus (3/41), Streptococcus anginosus (1/41), Streptococcus intermedius (1/41), Streptococcus uberis (1/41), and Streptococcus sanguinis (1/41) in smokers oral cavity whereas Streptococcus sanguinis (8/38), Staphylococcus aureus (1/38), Staphylococcus auricularis (1/38), Streptococcus uberis (1/38), Streptococcus intermedius (1/38), Streptococcus mutans (1/38), and Streptococcus oralis (1/38) in those of non-smokers'. Three cases of Staphylococcus aureus from smokers produced Beta-lactamase and were identified methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However one case of Staphylococcus aureus from non-smoker did not produce Beta-lactamase and was sensitive to methicillin. In conclusion, the distribution of oral flora was different between smokers' and non-smokers' oral cavity, especially Gemella morillorum and MRSA were predominantly found in smoker's oral cavity. These results are useful in the treatment and prevention of patients with stomatopathy caused by smoking.
Keywords
antimicrobial susceptibility; non-smokers; oral cavity; smokers;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 11  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 Yoo, S.Y., P.S. Kim, H.K. Hwang, S.H. Lim, K.W. Kim, S.J. Choe, B.M. Min, and J.K. Kook. 2005. Identification of nonmutans Streptococci organisms in dental plaques recovering on mitis-salivarius bacitracin agar medium. J. Microbiol. 43, 204-208.   과학기술학회마을
2 van Winkelhoff, A.J., C.J. Bosch-Tijhof, E.G. Winkel, and W.A. van der Reijden. 2001. Smoking affects the subgingival microflora in periodontitis. J. Periodontol. 72, 666-671.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Lee, S.S. and S.K. Lee. 2010. Herpes infection. J. Korean Dental Association 48, 365-370.
4 Nam, J.H. 2010. Considerations in dental management and medication for the medically compromised patients. J. Korean Dental Association 48, 27-37.
5 Page, R.C. and J.D. Beck. 1997. Risk assessment for periodontal diseases. Int. Dent. J. 47, 61-87.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Sliepen, I., J. Van Damme, M. Van Essche, G. Loozen, M. Quirynen, and W. Teughels. 2009. Microbial interactions influence inflammatory host cell responses. J. Dent. Res. 88, 1026-1030.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Uh, Y., G.Y. Hwang, I.H. Jang, K.J. Yoon, and H.Y. Kim. 2002. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of viridans Streptococci isolated from blood cultures during recent period. J. Lab. Med. Quality Assuarance 24, 225-230.
8 Han, G.S. 2007. Periodontal status in smokers and the effects of professional periodontal care. Hanyang university Doctor of health education degree.
9 Jeon, E.H., J.H. Han, and T.Y. Ahn. 2007. Comparison of bacterial composition between human saliva and dental unit water system. J. Microbiol. 45, 1-5.   과학기술학회마을
10 Kim, O.J. 2010. Oral Candidiasis. J. Korean Dental Association. 48, 355-364.
11 Kim, S.J. 2009. Identification and distribution of the pathogenic microorganisms isolated from edible ice in North Area of Daegu, Korea. Korean J. Microbiol. 45, 86-90.   과학기술학회마을
12 Kown, J.L and J.S. Park. 2002. Comparison of automated systems for identification of Vibrio species. Korean J. Microbiol. 38, 62-66.   과학기술학회마을
13 Choi, G.W., W.Y. Jang, J.W. Lee, and S.J. Kim. 2010. Microorganism contamination from wearing one-day disposable contact lenses according to wearing time. Korean J. Microbiol. 46, 152-156.
14 Lee, S.A., S.Y. Yoo, K.S. Kay, and J.K. Kook. 2004. Detection of hepatitis B virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Korean dental patients. J. Microbiol. 42, 239-242.   과학기술학회마을
15 Ahn, K.D., G.T. Kim, Y.S. Choi, and E.H. Whang. 2007. Effect of irradiation on the Streptococcus mutans. Korean J. Oral Maxillofac. Radiol. 37, 35-43.   과학기술학회마을
16 Brown, L.R., S. Dreizen, S. Handler, amd D.A. Johnston. 1975. Effect of radiation-induced xerostoma on human oral microflora. J. Dental Res. 54, 740-750.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Cho, E.H. and N.Y. Lee. 2003. Clinical significance of viridans Streptococcal bacteremia. Korean J. Lab. Med. 23, 246-250.
18 Ge, Y., P.W. Caufield, G.S. Fisch, and Y. Li. 2008. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis colonization correlated with caries experience in children. Caries Res. 42, 444-448.   DOI   ScienceOn