• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.427-430
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• 2002

Pilot scale(2.5 ton) three-stage methane fermentation process was developed for the rapid production of methane from food wastes in our laboratory. Eleven strains responsible for the primary semianaerobic hydrolysis/acidogenic fermentation system were isolated and characterized. Among them, the number of gram positive bacteria was eight and that of gram negative bacteria was three. They were rod and showed positive reaction to catalase. The strain K5 was found to have the highest enzyme activities of amylase and protease.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.187-196
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• 1978

Antimetabolite N-2292 substance, an antagonist of L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces. Taxonomical study on the producing strain made it a related species of Streptomyces albulus judged by cultural characteristics and carbon utilization. N-2292 substance was isolated as amorphous white powder with melting point at 185$^{\circ}C$. From the physicochemical characteristics of the substance, it was peptide like substance. It was active against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria but negative against yeast and mold in its biological properties. It was reversed by L-Asp and L-Glu on the synthetic medium.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.404-414
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• 1989

Attempts were made to isolate and identify Gram-positive or lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi fermentation. Species diversity depended on isolation media and temperatures, and diversity tended to be reduced with decrease of temperature. MRS and KM (natural medium prepared from Kimchi materials) were suitable respectively for isolation and present number of species. Identification of isolates was performed by dichotomous identification schemes arranged on the basis of Bergey's manual of Systematic Bacteriology (1986). Gram-positive bacteria isolated at different temperatures (5, 15, $25^{\circ}C$) were 5 species of Leuconostoc, 4 species of Streptococcus, 3 species of Pediococcus, 2 species of Bacillus and 18 species of Lactobacillus. Species with high frequency of appearance were Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus raffinolactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides at $25^{\circ}C$, L. plantarum, Lactobacillus fructosus, L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides at $15^{\circ}C$ and L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Leuconosotoc paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus maltaromicus at $15^{\circ}C$. In general, Kimchi fermentation was achieved by Lactobacillus spp. (59.7% frequency) at $25^{\circ}C$ and Leuconostoc spp. (65.2% frequency) at $5^{\circ}C$. Pediococcus cerevisiae and Streptococcus faecalis which have been so far known as bacteria of Kimchi fermentation were not isolated.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2001

The ethanol extract of root bark of Morus alba strongly inhibited the Gram positive bacteria like Streptococcus sp., Lactococcus garvieae and Staphylococcus sp., but weakly the Gram negative bacteria like Listonella anguillarm and Edwardsiella tarda. It was more effective in liquid medium than in solid medium. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the extract in liquid medium was 19.8 and 790~1185 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, respectively. The extract concentration, at which the growth was totally inhibited, was 67.2~403.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for the Gram positive bacteria but it was as high as 1185 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for L. anguillarum and almost ineffective against E. tarda. For diet supplementation of the extract, effective soaking duration was 3 minutes. The fish diet soaked in the extract inhibited the growth of all the tested Gram positive strains, but not the Gram negative strains. The relationship between the weight of fish diet and absorption of the extract by the fish diet was Y=7.5757X + 4.6962($R^2$ = 0.9998).

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 1991

A phylogenetic comparison of homologous protein can often supplement genetic and biochemical analysis by revealing conserved structures that are critical for function(Waugh et al., 1989). I therefore isolated a secY homologue from B. subtilis, a gram positive bacterium evolutionary distant from E. coli. The comparison and interplay between these two bacterial systems should contribute greatly to our understanding of the functions and interactions within systems evolved for protein translocation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.643-648
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• 2007

Purpose : Sepsis is a common complication in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), seen especially in low birth weight (LBW) infants. A recent study showed that fungal or gram-negative sepsis is associated with a greater degree of thrombocytopenia than is seen with gram-positive sepsis. So, this study was undertaken to examine the platelet counts and platelet indices in LBW infants during episodes of sepsis. Methods : We analyzed 36 cases with culture-proven sepsis on chart review in LBW infants admitted to the NICU at Wonkwang University Hospital from January 2001 to June 2006. Results : Patients were grouped by organism type: gram-positive bacteria ($1,521{\pm}309g$, $31.3{\pm}2.9wk$, 15/36), gram-negative bacteria ($1,467{\pm}290g,\;30.6{\pm}3.6wk$, 17/36), and fungi ($1,287{\pm}205g,\;30.0{\pm}3.9wk$, 4/36). The most common organism was Staphylococcus epidermis and the incidence of thrombocytopenia was 88.9%. When compared with infants with gram-positive sepsis, those with gram-negative sepsis had significantly higher incidences of thrombocytopenia, lower initial platelet count, lower platelet nadir, and greater mean percentage decrease in platelet count from before the onset of sepsis. Those with fungal infections were similar to gram-negative sepsis, but they were not significant because of the small number of patients. And mean platelet volume (MPV) in sepsis was increased more significantly in time of platelet nadir than before the onset of sepsis. Conclusion : We conclude that decrease in platelet count was significantly greater in gram-negative sepsis than gram-positive sepsis, and also greater than fungal sepsis-which was insignificant because of the small number of patients-in LBW infants. And elevation in MPV will be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in LBW infants.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1295-1300
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• 2007

The antibacterial effects of anodic electrolyzed water against various bacteria were studied in this investigation. Complete inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria occurred within 15 s after exposure to anodic electrolyzed water. Moreover, 1/2, 1/5 and 1/10 diluted anodic electrolyzed water by adding deionized water showed strong antibacterial effects. However, the inhibitory effect of anodic electrolyzed water on the anaerobe of Propionibacterium acnes was much weaker than that on the aerobes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The degraded fragments of E. coli cell were observed upon treating anodic electrolyzed water for 1 min by using scanning electron microscopy.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1988

Condensed phosphates have been used in various meat products to enhance the water holding capacity, to improve texture and to prevent the development of off flavors and off odors. This study was intended to observe the effects of poly - and pyrophosphate on the growth of sanitary indicative bacteria and food poisoning bacteria. The bacteriostatic effect of poly - and pyrophosphates against Gram positive bacteria was much stronger than that of against Gram negative organisms. The effective inhibitory concentration of sodium polyphosphate on the growth of bacteria was varied by species such as $0.3\%$ to Staphylococcus aureus, $0.9\%$ to Salmonella, and more than $1.0\%$ to Escherichia coli in nutrient broth. When Staphylococcus aureus suspension was treated with $0.5\%$ sodium polyphosphate at $35^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, the release of UV-absorbing substances from the organism was confirmed. However no significant effect was observed in Escherichia coli under the similar condition. When alaska pollack fillets were dipped in $ 3.5\%$ sodium polyphospahate at $2^{\circ}C$ for 1 min. prior to freezing, the viable cell count and coliform MPN's of the frozen product were decreased with the range of 30 to $50\%$ in comparison with those of control.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.148-156
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• 1989

This investigation was performed in eutrophic lake within the framework of a series of studies to evaluate the significance of gram reaction for both bacterioplankton and attached bacteria in the dynamics of organic materials at various aquatic ecosystems. In Lake Kasumigaura as a representative of the highly eutrophic freshwater environments, the gram-stain characteristics of the bacterial community changed with the influx of pulses of phytoplankton, as those in the meso trophic environments. The predominency of the gram-negative forms in the bacterial community was about 57% for bacterioplankton and about 53% for attached bacteria. The statistical analysis of the difference of these two distributions showed that these communites were different. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria attached to particles were shown to effect the formation and degradation of particulate organic matter. Gram-negative bacteria plankton participate exclusively in the dynamics of dissolved organic matter.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2004

Hundreds of medicinal herbs have been using for the purpose of diseases treatment and immune enhancement for human being and other animals including fishes. Among them, 49 species of medicinal herbs were selected and tested for antibacterial activities against 19 strains of fish pathogenic bacteria in different 4 species. The 49 medicinal herbs were extracted by water and ethyl alcohol. The extracts were freeze dried and some paper discs from the extracts were prepared for the evaluation of antibacterial activity. The tested pathogenic bacteria were 5 strains of Edwardsiella tarda, 5 strains of Vibrio sp., 4 strains of Lactococcus garvieae, 1 strain of Lactococcus raffinose, 1 strain of Streptococcus parauberius, and 3 strains of Streptococcus iniae. The Galla rhois (Obaeja), Gaeonnamu and Hwangleyon showed antibacterial activities on both gram negative and gram positive fish pathogenic bacteria. The Youkgae, Sangbaekpi, Bogolji and Gamcho showed very effective antibacterial activities on gram positive pathogens while Jiyu, Aeyoeb and Yeonkyo showed very effective on gram negative pathogens.