• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.452-461
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• 2012

There is increasing evidence that dietary factors in plant-based diets are important for the prevention of chronic disease. Especially, phytonutrients in fruits and vegetables have been recognized as major contributors for the decreased level of oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of switching the dietary habit to high consumption of fruits and vegetables were evaluated on the parameters of serum antioxidant status in healthy high school students. Forty one students participated in a randomized controlled trial and were assigned to the control group (n = 18) or the intervention group (n = 23). The intervention group was provided for 8 weeks with the main food source being whole grain and vegetables. Anthropometric measurements, blood parameters and dietary intakes were measured, and compared before and after study. After 8 weeks, weight and BMI were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p = 0.000). The serum diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test resulted in a significantly decreased level only in the intervention group (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks, but serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP) was increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). Intake of energy, total fat, cholesterol and sodium in the intervention group were significantly decreased after 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Also, the intervention group had significantly increased vitamin and phytonutrient intakes of all-trans-${\beta}$-carotene, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and total phenols (p < 0.05). Overall, the results of this study suggest that whole grain, fruits, and vegetables supplementation showed improvement of the adolescent health.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.538-542
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• 2011

A new malting barley variety, 'Baegho', was developed from a cross between Azuma Golden and Nishinochikara in 1998. An elite line, YMB2139-2B-1-10-2, was selected in 2005 and designated as Milyang137. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2006 to 2008 and was released with the name of 'Baegho' having high yielding and BaYMV and powdery mildew resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of 'Baegho' were April 21 and May 28, which were 3 and 2 day later than those of Hopum, check variety, at the RYT, respectively. 'Baegho' has shoter culm length (78 cm), more spikes ($1,062per\;m^2$) and heavier 1,000 grain weight (40.7 g) than those of Hopum, respectively. 'Baegho' is resistant to domestic BaYMV strains I, III and IV and powdery mildew at Iksan. In growth habit, 'Baegho' is close to type (IV) that is distinguished from other Korean malting barley cultivars, which could tolerant to premature heading damage that is major concern for the practice of the malting barley cropping. The yield potential of 'Baegho' in the RYT was about 5.57 MT/ha, which is about 13% higher than those of Hopum. This variety has good malting quality in grain and malting analysis showed better 1,000 grain weight, husk rate, diastatic power than those of Hopum. 'Baegho' applied for protection of new varieties of plant in 2009.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2012

This research was carried out to analyze long-term shoreline change on Busan Songjeong Beach using multi-temporal remote sensed data, GPS survey data and grain size analysis. As a result of multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis, the beach was stable status till early 2000s, but the erosion occurred over whole beach after the construction of shore protection road since 2000. In the result of DEM analysis, the elevation of beach reduced and the slope of berm increased after construction of shore protection road along the coast, this means the erosion environment was dominant on the beach. But the sedimentation was slightly stronger than the erosion in northern region of the beach, then the slope of berm was gentle. In the result of grain size analysis using in-situ samples, the coarsening-trend was found in southeastern region (Line E) of the beach, it is caused by strong wave energy from the outer sea. Consequently, major causes of the beach erosion in the study area were the interception of sand supply from a dune owing to shore protection road construction and scouring phenomenon by strong wave energy in southeastern region of the beach. If the topographic or artificial change will not occur in the future, the erosion in this area will continue. Therefore the prevention measures are required.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop of macro-protocol and the biosafety guide Golden Rice, modified vitamin A at large scale GMO field. Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) plants will be required the assessment of risks associated with the release of GM plants that should include a detailed risk assessment of their impacts in the environment and human health. Prior to GM plant release, applicants should provide the information on GM crops for approval. A total of $4,700m^2$ GM field, each of Golden Rice and 'Nakdong' were used for further analysis on agronomic traits and pathogenesis. Generally plant growth and panicle number in the transgenic lines were lower than in the wild type under field condition. The major agronomic traits such as plant growth, grain quality in Golden Rice were similar than in 'Nakdong'. The yield difference was due to reduced ripened rate and the 1,000 grain weight. The grain shape was similar donor plant, however, color of brown rice was different from segregation. Also the difference of pathogenesis reaction was not significant in the leaf blast and sheath blight between Golden Rice and 'Nakdong'. These results provided the agronomic data and pathogenesis for risk assessment analysis of Golden Rice and suggested that the macro-protocol could be useful to detect GM plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.716-722
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• 1995

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a tool for the rapid, accurate and nondestructive assay of small grain and forage quality analysis. The objective of this study was to establish the rapid, easy and accurate analysis method for major components of covered barley using NIRS system. NIRS used in this study was filter type instrument, Neotec 102. To obtain a useful calibration equation, standard regression between the data was analyzed by chemical analysis and by NIRS method. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) and simple correlations for unknown samples were calculated using obtained equation. SEPs for starch, $\beta$-glucan, protein and ash contents were 2.75%, 0.64%, 0.26% and 0.19%, respectively. The simple correlations for starch, $\beta$-glucan, protein and ash contents were 0.932, 0.588, 0.984 and 0.867, respectively. It was concluded that the NIRS method would be applicabl for the rapid determination of starch, protein and ash contents in barley grains.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.883-893
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• 2023

While South Korea's dependence on imported grains is very high, droughts impacts from exporting countries have been overlooked. Using the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), this study globally analyzed frequency, extent, and long-term trends of agricultural droughts and their relation to natural oscillations and global crop prices. Results showed that global-scale correlations were found between ESI and soil moisture anomalies, and they were particularly strong in crop cultivation areas. The high correlations in crop cultivation areas imply a strong land-atmosphere coupling, which can lead to relatively large yield losses with a minor soil moisture deficits. ESI showed a clear decreasing trend in crop cultivation areas from 1991 to 2022, and this trend may continue due to global warming. The sharp increases in the grain prices in 2012 and 2022 were likely related to increased drought areas in major grain-exporting countries, and they seemed to elevate South Korea's producer price index. This study suggests the need for drought risk management for grain-exporting countries to reduce socioeconomic impacts in South Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Climate in the year of 2001 could be summarized as severe drought from March to May, unusually high temperature in whole plant growth periods and clear weather condition especially in harvesting time of September and October without any typoons. In rice, major diseases such as leaf and panicle blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight and bacterial grain rot developed little due to unfavorable weather conditions, however, brown spot occurred severely due partly to the reduced use of N-fertilizer, Rice stripe virus infection was unusually high mainly in the west coast areas with four times more diseaseD area campared to the previous year, In pepper phytophthora blight was extremely severe in Cheonnam and Cheonbuk provinces, where had frequent rainfalls during growing period. Incidence of major diseases of tomato and cucumber in 2001 was relatively mild. In watermelon, penicillium fruit rot, one of the peculiar disease, spread over major production areas, whereas CGMMV, usually severe in every years was much reduced. Watermelon plants growing in open-fields were more severely diseased than those in plastic houses. Major diseases of chinese melon and strawberry occurred slightly and in particular, sudden wilt syndrome of chinese melon which was severe in 2000 showed mild infections in 2001. Incidence of white rot of garlic and onion was much lower unlike other years due mainly to spring drought and high temperature in the growing period. Infected area of potato bacterial wilt tended to increase in 2001 while fusarium wilt of sweetpotato was decreased. Apple diseases were generally mild, but powdery mildew of pear increased sharply. Barley scab was not severe as seen in other years.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.992-997
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• 2012

This study was conducted to get the basic information for absorb enhancement of accumulated soil nutrients in plastic film house. The grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) was sowing in plastic film house which soil nutrient accumulated moderately and was cutting at major growth period of sorghum. We were analyzed the regrowth pattern, biomass due to cutting time and amount of plant nutrient of grain sorghum. The obtained results were as follows. The heading date after cutting of sorghum in plastic film house was came to about 35 days. The accumulated of plant height were the longest as 379.4 cm in cutting at milk stage. The total biomass of sorghum in cutting at heading stage was 1.73 ton $10a^{-1}$ in cutting at heading stage. The high grain yields were produced with non-cutting and cutting at 10 leaves stage as 75~113 kg $10a^{-1}$ but the lowest grain yields were the cutting plots at booting stage as below 24 kg $10a^{-1}$. The content of nutrient in sorghum plant was low as progress of growth. The concentrations in aboveground sorghum due to plant parts was in order to leaves > panicle > stalk. The nitrogen content of sorghum was 0.6~0.7% in stalk, 1.5~1.6% in panicle and 1.8~2.3% in leaves. The amount of nutrient absorbed in sorghum was 4.2 kg $10a^{-1}$ in nitrogen, 1.7 kg $10a^{-1}$ phosphorus and 7.7 kg $10a^{-1}$ in potassium and the absorbing different by cutting time in order to booting > non-cutting > panicle formation ${\geq}$ milk ripe > 10 leaves stage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1983

Lipids isolated from three barley samples were identified and quantitated by column, thin layer and gas liquid chromatographic techniques. These lipids were shown to consist of 69.3-73.1% neutral lipids, 9.6-16.5% glycolipids, and 14.2-17.9% phospholipids. Among the neutral lipids, triglycerides were predominant (54.2 to 55.7%) with smaller amounts of 1,2-diglycerides, 1,3-diglycerides, free sterols, free fatty acids, steryl esters, and three unknown being present. Among the glycolipids, digalactosyl diglycerides (31.3 to 33.2%) and monogalactosyl diglycerides (26.2 to 29.6%) were the most abundant. Esterified steryl glycosides, steryl glycosides, cerebrosides, sulfolipids, and an unknown component were present as minor components. Of the phosopholipids, phosphatidyl cholines and serines, lysophosphatidyl cholines, and phosphatidyl ethanolamines were the major components, comprising over 80% of this class. The major fatty acids in the total and the three lipid classes were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. However, the neutral lipids fraction contained more oleic acid than other lipid fractions, and the phospholipids fraction contained more palmitic acid than the other lipid fractions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2008

The Direct Payment Program for Rural Landscape Conservation (DPPRLC), introduced by the Korean government, currently offers subsidies to rural villages to encourage the growing of flower crops or wild flowers instead of common grain. However, in many of these villages, major landscape elements like walls and roofs of houses are built with cheap, urban materials, and kept in poor condition. This is a poor reflection of the DPPRLC goal to improve the aesthetic of korean rural landscape. This study surveyed and analyzed traditional style walls and roofs in ten selected villages taking part in the DPPRLC program. Villagers were interviewed for a proposed direct payment program for building and maintaining traditional walls and roofs. Major findings are: First, more than 86% of residents are willing to build and maintain traditional walls if subsidies are given. They would like to be reimbursed 75% to 100% of construction and maintenance costs. Second, about 64% of residents would be willing to build and maintain traditional roofs with the subsidies. They also would like to receive 75% to 100% of construction and maintenance costs. The policy implication of this study is that extending the DPPRLC program to include walls and roofs in rural villages will make rural landscape more attractive.