• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2019

To study the eccentric compression behavior of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) columns, six UHPFRC columns and one high-strength concrete (HSC) column were tested. Variation parameters include load eccentricity, volume of steel fibers and stirrup ratio. The crack pattern, failure mode, bearing capacity, and deformation of the specimens were studied. The results showed that the UHPFRC columns had different failure modes. The large eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal tensile reinforcements yielded and many horizontal cracks appeared in the tension zone. The small eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal compressive reinforcements yielded and vertical cracks appeared in the compressive zone. Because of the bridging effect of steel fibers, the number of cracks significantly increased, and the width of cracks decreased. The load-deflection curves of the UHPFRC columns showed gradually descending without sudden dropping, indicating that the specimens had better deformation. The finite element (FE) analysis was performed to stimulate the damage process of the specimens with monotonic loading. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model was adopted to characterize the behaviour of UHPFRC. The contribution of the UHPFRC tensile strength was considered in the bearing capacity, and the theoretical calculation formulas were derived. The theoretical calculation results were consistent with the test results. This research can provide the experimental and theoretical basis for UHPFRC columns in engineering applications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권6호
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• pp.819-830
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• 2021

To evaluate the performance of concrete load bearing walls in a structure under horizontal loads after being exposed to real fire, two steps were followed. In the first step, an experimental study was performed on the thermo-mechanical properties of concrete after heating to temperatures of 200-1000℃ with the purpose of determining the residual mechanical properties after cooling. The temperature was increased in line with natural fire curve in an electric furnace. The peak temperature was maintained for a period of 1.5 hour and then allowed to cool gradually in air at room temperature. All specimens were made from calcareous aggregate to be used for determining the residual properties: compressive strength, static and dynamic elasticity modulus by means of UPV test, including the mass loss. The concrete residual compressive strength and elastic modulus values were compared with those calculated from Eurocode and other analytical models from other studies, and were found to be satisfactory. In the second step, experimental analysis results were then implemented into structural numerical analysis to predict the post-fire load-bearing capacity response of the walls under vertical and horizontal loads. The parameters considered in this analysis were the effective height, the thickness of the wall, various support conditions and the residual strength of concrete. The results indicate that fire damage does not significantly affect the lateral capacity and stiffness of reinforced walls for temperature fires up to 400℃.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2016

터널을 굴착하면 굴진면 주변지반은 응력이 해방되고, 해방된 응력이 주변지반으로 재분배 되어 터널주변지반의 응력상태와 터널지보공에 작용하는 하중이 변한다. 굴진면에 변위가 발생하면 굴진면 전방지반이 이완되고 굴진면에 작용하는 토압은 감소하며, 변위가 일정한 크기 이상 커지면 굴진면 전방지반이 파괴상태에 이른다. 이때에 터널의 종방향으로 하중전이가 발생하며, 토피고나 굴진면의 변위정도에 따라 그 경향이 다르다. 굴진면 파괴에 따른 터널 종방향 하중전이에 대해서는 연구된 사례가 있으나, 굴진면 변위와 종방향 하중전이를 결부시켜서 연구한 사례는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 토사터널에서 모형실험을 수행하여 굴진면이 과다변위로 인해 파괴됨에 따른 종방향 하중전이의 특성을 파악하였다. 즉, 정지토압 상태에서 시작하여 굴진면의 변위가 진행됨에 따른 터널 종방향 하중전이를 모형실험을 수행하여 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 종방향 하중전이는 굴진면 변위 초기에 대부분이 발생하고 굴진면 변위가 한계변위에 근접할수록 완만한 기울기로 한계치에 수렴하였다. 즉, 종방향 하중전이는 굴진면 전방지반이 아직 탄성상태일 때 급격히 증가하였고, 지반이 한계상태에 근접하면 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 굴진면에서 변위에 의한 토압감소와 터널 종방향 하중전이는 같은 추세로 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.483-485
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• 2005

In 2003, there was a wide-area blackout in the United States and Canada. More than fifty million people underwent power failure and the estimated financial loss was about four billion dollars. By such wide-area blackouts, the interest in voltage stability has increased gradually. In order to maintain the voltage stability, the preventive control is essential for a contingency. In this paper, a proper preventive control is determined for defined severe contingencies. Among the preventive control methods (generation rescheduling, load curtailment, tap adjusting, injecting the shunt capacitor, and so on.), this paper presents the injection of shunt capacitors by the sensitivity analysis of the voltage stability assessment for preventive controls. The 2006-2010 KEPCO summer peak system is used in case studies.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2002

As most railways are gradually electrified with modernized electric cars, the demand for catenary wires and their facilities are also increased. Catenary Wires are exposed to the marine area with air-borne salt or severely polluted industrial area with much corrosive emission gases depending on the locations. Corrosion of catenaty wires can make their actual lifetime shorter than that originally designed. Thus, the messenger and ACSR wires, kinds of catenary wire system, were investigated with respect to corrosion, which include new and used ones collected at the field. Tensile strengths and elongations appeared to decrease when the wires were exposed to corrosive environments. The amount of decrease was more prominent as environmental conditions became more corrosive. They are also vibrated with some amplitude everytime pentographs touch contact line. The frequent cyclic load on the wire may result in a fatigue damage. Surface damage by corrosion can make fatigue crack initiate with ease. In the present study, the fatigue life of the used wire was measured 50 to 60% compared with that of new one in average.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.451-454
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hydraulic backwash load and porous ceramic media on the biological nitrogen removal efficiencies of a biological aerated filter. An upflow anoxic-oxic biological aerated filter(AO-BAF) with porous ceramic media can remove nitrogen by nitrification and denitrification in single unit. After the AO-BAF backwash, nitrogen removal efficiency was lowest and gradually increased to the steady state. Nitrification efficiency, however, showed the opposite result. It is likely that the biofilms are exposed to aerobic condition as the excess biofilms were sloughed off by backwashing

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.447-452
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• 2005

Nowadays domestic demands for urban EMUs are gradually increased due to traffic jams and environmental problems. Therefore it has been required to make sure of manufacturing quality and to acquire cost effective bogie frames through mass production. One of the major functions of bogie frames is to guarantee the static strength and durability. In this research, the comparison between FE analysis and actual load test results is performed for the bogie frame, which is manufactured by Rotem Company. The results show that the standardized bogie frame meets the strength requirements of domestic regulations.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.139.1-146
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• 2001

Contact lines are necessary to supply electric locomotives with electric power. As most railways are gradually electrified with modernized electric cars, the demand for catenary wires and their facilities are also increased. Catenary wires made by metallic materials are generally used in the open air. They are exposed to the marine area with air-borne salt or severely polluted industrial area with much corrosive emission gases depending on the railway locations. In urban area, acid rain may cause a degradation of catenary wire system. Corrosion of catenary wires can make their actual lifetime shorter than that originally designed. Thus, the messenger wires, a kind of catenary wire system, were investigated with respect to corrosion, which include new and the used one collected at the field. They are also vibrated with some amplitude everytime the train passes through the railway. The frequent cyclic load on the wire any result in a fatigue damage, Surface damage by corrosion can make fatigue crack initiate with ease. In the present study, the fatigue life of the used wire was measured 40 to 50% shorter than that of new one in average.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2000

This paper introduces a method of determining the maximum real power transfer limit of interface lines, which connect two areas of a power system, using locally parameterized continuation algorithm. This method traces the path of power flow solutions as interface flow is gradually increased under a certain load demand condition and finds the steady state voltage stability limit, the interface flow limit. Voltage stability index is used to indicate how close the maximum limit is reached. Also, this study presents a procedure to determine the security-constrained interface flow limit using the above method. Contingency ranking index is proposed to identify the severity of contingencies. The case study is performed according to the suggested procedure.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.774-780
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• 1999

The study of bond behavior between concrete and rebar has been performed for a long time. On this study, we tried to analysed variation of bond behaviors quantitatively with varying the strength of concrete. Bond stress which observed below the neutral surface of beam and at connecting part of beam and column is affected by various bond parameters. Resistance of deformed bars which embedded in concrete to the pullout force is divided 1) chemical adhesive force 2) frictional force 3) mechanical resistance of ribs to the concrete and these horizontal components of resistance is being bond strength. We selected the most common and typical variable which is concrete strength among various variables. So we used two kinds of concrete strength like as 25MPa(NSC) and 65MPa(HSC). Tension Test was performed to verify how bond behavior varied with two kinds of concrete strength. Concentration of bond stress was observed at load-end commonly in Tension Test of the initial load stage. At this stage stress distribution was almost coincident at each strength. As tension load added, this stress distribution had difference gradually and movement of pick point of bond stress to free-end and central section was observed. This tendency was observed at first and moving speed was more fast in NSC. At the preceeding result the reason of this phenomenon is considered to discretion of chemical adhesion and local failure of concrete around rebar in load-end direction. Especially, when concrete strength was increased 2.6 times in tension test, ultimate bond strength was increased 1.45 times. In most recent used building codes, bond strength is proportioned to sqare root of concrete compressive strength but comparison of normalized ultimate bond strength was considered that the higher concrete strength is, the lower safety factor of bond strength is in each strength if we use existing building codes. In Tension Test, in case of initial tensile force state, steel tensile stress of central cross section is not different greatly at each strength but tensile force increasing, that of central cross section in NSC was increased remarkably. Namely, tensile force which was shared in concrete in HSC was far greater than that of concrete in NSC at central section.