• 공학교육연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

Colleges of technology in Japan are characterized by specialized education starting from the first grades aged fifteen, making it particularly important to provide motivation for specialized subjects. The most difficult thing for teachers in the technical college is giving the motivation to a professional education to the lower grades who don't know the technology and engineering. Teachers tried to use and make a suitable example or an education material for their lecture. The generation gap with students makes it difficult for teachers to use examples of objects that students are actually familiar with in their daily life. To compensate for the generation gap with students, we asserted that education for lower grades should adopt the perspectives of students in higher grades. The relative closeness in age of lower and higher grades helps reduce the generation gap with students, which is advantageous in that teachers can share the perspectives of students.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2005

This study comparatively examined the environmental affordance of elementary children's rooms between the lower and the higher grades, and investigated the affects of the rooms'affordance on children's satisfaction of the rooms. Survey questionnaires were given to 412 elementary school children(221 in the lower grades and 191 in the higher grades), including their parents. Frequency analysis, $x^{k}$ -tests, t-tests, correlation tests, and regression analysis were mainly employed for the data analysis. The findings indicated that the environmental affordance of the children's rooms differed in each group in terms of the four dimensions: Social interaction, privacy, safety, and uniqueness. Meanwhile, the more environmental affordance was sufficient, the higher degree of the satisfaction was showed. In the lower grades, conveniency, accessibility, social interaction, and uniqueness were influenced their satisfaction of the rooms, whereas social interaction, conveniency, order, and privacy were affected the children's satisfaction in the higher grades.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2010

본 연구는 도체등급을 판정받은 제주재래돼지 168두(거세돈 116두와 암퇘지 52두)를 공시돈으로 재래돼지의 성별, 도체 육질 등급별 및 육량등급별 도체특성을 조사하여 고급돈육 생산에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 재래돼지의 도체특성의 평균치는 도체중이 72.94 kg, 도체율 72.46%, 등지방두께 20.98 mm, Hunter L* 값 38.14, a* 값 4.68, b* 값 6.04, pH 5.61, 육색도 3.61, 근내지방도 3.36, 육질등급 1.83, 그리고 육량등급 2.08로 조사되었다. 성별 도체특성에서 도체중은 암퇘지가 75.69 kg으로 거세돈 71.71 kg 보다 유의하게 무거웠으나(p<0.05), 도체율, 등지방두께, 그리고 육색도에서는 성별 간에 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. pH는 암퇘지와 거세돈에서 각각 5.58과 5.62로 거세돈이 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 도체육질등급에서는 거세돈과 암퇘지의 평균등급은 1.95와 1.58로 거세돈이 유의하게 높은 등급을 보였다(p<0.05). 그리고 육량등급에서도 성별 간에 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 거세돈 1.90 등급보다 암퇘지 2.50 등급으로 암퇘지가 높게 나타났다. 도체 육질등급별 도체특성에서는 도체중은 도체등급이 높을수록 유의하게 무거운 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 도체율에서도 도체육질등급이 높을수록(1과 2등급) 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 등 지방 두께는 등급 간에 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 등급이 높을수록 등지방 두께가 높았다. 육색도에서는 등급 간에 Hunter L* 값, a* 값, b* 값 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 근내지방도는 1등급은 4.06점과 3등급은 2.64점으로 등급이 높을수록(양호) 유의하게(p<0.05) 높은 점수를 보였다. 도체 육량등급별 도체특성에서 도체중과 도체율은 등급 간에 모두 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 등급이 높을수록(A 등급) 체중이 무겁고 도체율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 등지방두께는 A 등급은 22.83 mm로 유의하게 높은(p<0.05) 반면에, D 등급은 18.63 mm로 등급이 낮을수록 등 지방두께도 얇았다. 육색도는 Hunter L* 값, a* 값, b* 값 모두 등급 간에 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았으나, pH 값은 A 등급에서 5.53으로 하위등급보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 육색도판에 의한 육색도에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 근내지방도는 등급 간에 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 상위 A, B 등급에서는 4.00 이상으로 높았으나, 하위 C와 D 등급에서는 3.06 이하의 낮은 점수로 나타났다. 따라서 제주 재래종은 개량종보다 등지방두께는 양호하였으나, 육질과 관련된 특성을 더욱 더 심도있는 비교연구로 정확한 평가가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2012

The influences of the basic academic skills to the scholastic achievement grades has been researched and we made a test of the basic academic skills(Korean language, mathematic, foreign language) to the students of engineering department in I college in Seoul and analyzed the correlation between the basic academic skills and the scholastic achievement grades. Results show that the scholastic achievement grades has a correlation(r=.456, p<0.01) to the average grade of the basic academic skill test. High level students of the scholastic achievement grades have a correlation(r=.292, p<0.01) to the mathematical department and the others have a correlation(r=.232, p<0.05 and r=.279, p<0.01) to the Korean linguistic department. The results of this study through multiple regression analysis indicate that the scholastic achievement has a relation on Korean language skill. As a result, It is recommendable that the mathematical basic academic skill programs are suggested to the high-level students of the scholastic achievement grades and the linguistic basic academic skill programs to the others. Also, the required basic linguistic subject is needed to the low-level students of the basic academic skills and in this paper, we propose the test and management system for the basic campus-life skills including the basic academic skills and the basic major skills.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

Due to the fast changing social and physical environment, the clothing behaviour of elementary school students should have been changed. Since previous research was completed a long time ago, new research must be conducted to understand the relationships of the clothing behaviour of elementary school students in terms of the time of research, gender and grades. Third and sixth grades in Susan were sampled in 2002; the secondary data in 1988 was used. Factor analysis and Lisrel's group analysis were conducted. The results indicated as follows: 1. As there was an increased interest in clothes, the comfort of the clothes was decreased at the higher grades in 1988, and the low and high grades in 2002, and the clothes of boys in high grade increased in the manageability in 2002, but nor with boy students in the low grade neither all types of students in 1988. 2. As there was an increased manageability in clothes, all types of girl students became more independence in choosing their own clothes. However, boy students in the low and high grades only increased their independence in choosing their own clothes in 1988. 3. As there was an increased comfort of clothes, there was not a significant relationship with the independence of students for choosing their clothes concerning the gender, the grades and the period of research. 4. As there was an increased interest in clothes, the low grade girl and boy students in 1988 increased in their independence in choosing their clothes. However, the high grade boy students in 1988 significantly decreased their independence. Thus there are different results in the clothing behavior in the elementary school student concerning the time of study, gender and grades.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.356-370
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• 2008

The study aims to explore sequence of earth science content in elementary school science curriculum in Korea and the U.S.. The analysis is focused on a) general content structure of earth science part; b) concept relationship between grades in the specific field of 'geology'; c) longitudinal connection of concepts and content in 'geology.' The findings are as follows. First, earth science curriculum content in Korea is structured according to sub-scientific disciplines centering on not science concepts but topics or inquiry activities whereas the U.S. curricular content is organized through integrative earth science topics with basic concepts and sub-concepts. Second, it is a common feature that basic concepts are interrelated to sub-concepts in all grades in both countries. However, basic concepts are scattered all over the grades, presented in a linear pattern in Korea while those are provided together in 3rd grade and repeated with extended concepts in a spiral structure in the U.S.. Last, it is not clear how concepts and content are longitudinally connected between grades in Korean curriculum. On the contrary, concepts and content in the U.S. curriculum have a strong longitudinal connection between grades with conceptual hierarchy. Such results indicate that Korean elementary school science curriculum would limit students' comprehensive understanding of science concepts through grades. The study suggests Korean science content should strengthen interrelationship among concepts as well as longitudinal connection between grades, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of science education, 'scientific literacy'.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2015

본 연구는 장기간에 걸친 로봇활용교육이 학생들의 창의성에 어떠한 효과를 미치는지를 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2011년부터 2012년까지 로봇활용교육 연구학교로 지정된 초등학교의 237명 학생을 대상으로 2차에 걸친 창의성 검사를 실시하였다. 검사 결과를 바탕으로 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장기간 동안 로봇활용교육에 참여한 학생들의 창의성은 유의미하게 향상되었고, 특히 1차 검사 점수와 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 둘째, 창의성 하위요인 중 유창성과 독창성이 유의미하게 향상되었고, 1차 검사 이전에 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 셋째, 남학생과 여학생 모두 창의성이 유의미하게 향상되었고, 검사 시기와 성별 간의 상호작용은 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 초등학교 저 중 고학년 모두 창의성이 유의미하게 향상되었고, 검사 시기와 학년군 간의 상호작용은 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 학년군에 따른 창의성 향상에 대한 차이를 살펴본 결과, 고학년과 중 저학년 간에는 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2017

본 연구는 1999년부터 2015년까지 상장기업을 대상으로, 순위프로빗 모형을 이용하여 신용등급 관련 이해관계자 중 하나인 기업의 관점에서 신용등급에 영향을 미치는 요인을 투자등급과 투기등급으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 투자등급의 경우 영업이익률, 매출액, 시장가/장부가, 배당지급, 자본적 지출 비율, 유형자산 비율이 양(+)의 계수를, 장 단기 부채비율, 베타, 고유위험이 음(-)의 계수를 보였다. 투기등급의 경우 배당지급, 유보이익률, 자본적 지출 비율이 양(+)의 계수를, 장 단기 부채비율과 연구개발비가 음(-)의 계수를 가졌다. 글로벌금융위기 이후 "신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률"이 강화된 2009년 전 후를 기준으로 분석한 결과, 투자등급에서 자본적 지출 비율, 현금비율, 유형자산 비율이 2009년 이전에는 양(+)의 계수를 보였으나 2010년 이후에는 유의하지 않았다. 투기등급의 경우 2009년 이전에 단기부채보다 장기부채가 더 유의한 음(-)의 계수를 보였으나 2010년 이후에는 장기부채보다 단기부채가 더 유의한 음(-)의 계수를 보였다. 흥미롭게도 연구개발비가 2010년 이후 투자등급과 투기등급 모두 유의한 음(-)의 계수를 보였다. 이는 연구개발에 대한 투자가 기업의 성장기회를 높여 더 많은 현금흐름을 창출하며 이것이 신용등급을 상승시킬 것이라는 선행연구와 일치하지 않는다.

• 복식
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2006

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of natural dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of Acorn Shell was studied. Appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting condition of Acorn Shell were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of dyed fabric was investigated. The maximum absorbance of Acorn Shell solution was at 287.5nm and 294nm. The pH effect was stable in the color difference changes. The optimum temperature to extract Acorn Shell was during 1 hour in $60^{\circ}C$. The effective dyeing temperature and time of silk were $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$, 1hour. The silk fabrics dyed with Acorn Shell appeared yellow-brown. K/S value of dyeing fabrics was increased by mordant treatment. K/S value of post-mordanting was higher than pre-mordanting. Mordanting treatment attected color change of the dyed silk. In the case of Acorn Shell light fastness of appeared more than 3-5grades by post-mordanting. Abrasion fastness of appeared more than 3-5grades. Perspiration fastness of appered more than $3{\sim}5grades$ by mordant treatment but Cu mordant treatment was $2-5{\sim}4grades$. Dry-cleaning Fastness appered more than 4 grades except Cu mordant treatment. These fastness improvement were generally effective for mordant treatment, specially Al, Sn, Cr.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2020

In this study, the efficacy of Amaranth(Amaranthus spp. L.) as a natural dye resource was investigated for wool fabrics. It is known that a large amount of flavonoid and anthocyanin colorant are contained in leaves and stems, as well as red flowers. The optimum condition of dyeing was 1.3% of dye concentration(o.w.b.) at 100℃ for 60 minutes, resulting the K/S value, 23.43 and R Munsell color on the wool fabrics. Al, Fe, Zinc and Titanium were used as a mordant. The mordant improved the dye uptake, regardless of the mordant type and mordant method. The pre-mordanting method was more effective than the post-mordanting method. Al pre-mordanted fabric showed the highest K/S, 30.02. Light fastness and washing fastness were high in grades 4-5 and 5, and rubbing fastness was good in grades 4 and 4-5 in dry condition, but low in grades 2-3 and 3 in wet condition. The dry cleaning fastness was excellent in all 5 grades. However, the alkaline perspiration fastness ratings were low in grades 2-3 and 3. The results show Amaranthus spp. L. colorant can be used as a functional natural dye for wool fabrics.