• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2012

본 연구는 보수교육에 참여한 1급, 2급 응급구조사 389명을 대상으로 보수교육 실태와 요구도를 조사하여 직무에 알맞는 보수교육을 제공함으로써 보수교육의 만족도를 높이고, 효과적으로 운영할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 그 결과 '1급, 2급 응급구조사의 보수교육 실태 및 차이'에서 '보수교육의 만족도 정도'(p=0.002), '자격에 따라 교육이 분리되어야 한다.'(p=0.000), '보수 교육 등록비는 적절하였다.'(p=0.027), '보수 교육 시행 후 평가의 필요성 정도'(p=0.007)가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. '보수 교육 내용으로 가장 적합한 주제'는 1급(42.3%)과 2급(31.1%) 모두 ALS가 가장 높은 백분율을 나타냈으나, 통계적으로는 유의(p=0.224)하지 않았다. '보수 교육 개선 방안 요구도'에서는 1급과 2급이 각각 29.5%, 31.2%로 '내용의 질적 개선'을 가장 원하고 있으나, 통계적으로는 유의(p=0.664)하지 않았다. 또한 각 근무분야에 따라 '보수 교육 내용으로 가장 적합한 주제'로 '병원'(46.3%)과 '병원 외'(28.6) 모두 ALS로 나타났으며, 또한 '병원'과 비교해 '병원 외'에서 '법과 최신의료정보'의 요구도가 약 12% 정도 높았다. 연구 결과에 따라 1급과 2급의 교육을 분리를 고려해야 할 것이며, 근무분야의 요구도에 따라 보수 교육 내용을 고려 및 반영하여 보수교육의 질적 향상과 만족도를 높여야 할 것이다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2003

목적 : IgA 신병증의 임상 및 병리학적 소견의 비교를 통해서 IgA 신병증의 신조직 소견을 예측할 수 있는 인자를 찾아봄으로써 신생검 시기를 결정하는데 도움이 될 수 있는 지표를 찾아본다. 방법 : 원주기독병원에서 신생검상 IgA 신병증으로 확인된 40례를 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : 40명의 환자 중 크레아티닌이 1.5 mg/dL 이상을 보인 1명은 추적 관찰이 안되었고 나머지 39명 중 2명에서는 혈중크레아티닌이 1.5mg/dL 이상으로 진행하였으며 그 중의 한명은 진단 후 2년 7개월만에 말기신부전으로 진행하였다. WHO 분류에 따르면 class I이 15명, class II가 14명, class III가 7명, classs IV가 3명, class V 0명이었다. 육안적 혈뇨군에서 현미경적 혈뇨군보다 class I과 class II의 비율이 의미있게 높았다(P<0.02). 세뇨관간질 소견만을 분류해 보았을 때 grade 1은 24명, grade 2는 4명, grade 3는 8명, grade 4는 3명이었다. 세뇨관간질의 변화가 심해질수록 24시간 요단백/알부민 비율이 증가하였다(r=-0.32, P<0.05) 혈청 크레아티닌치가 0.79 mg/dL 이하인 경우 세뇨관간질소견이 경하였으며, 크레아티닌치가 1.13 mg/dL 보다 큰 경우 세뇨관간질병변이 심하였다. 육안적 혈뇨군에서 혈청 크레아티닌치는 현미경적 혈뇨군에 비해 낮았고(0.78 vs 1.09 mg/dL)(P=0.027), 혈청 IgA 치가 높았으며(316.3 vs 198.8mg/dL)(P=0.027), class I과 II의 낮은 WHO 분류 class를 보였다(23 vs 4)(P=0.029). 결론 : IgA 신병증 환자에서 혈청크레아티닌이 0.79 mg/dL 이하, 육안적 혈뇨, 높은 24시간 urine protein/albumin 비율을 보이는 경우 경한 신조직 소견을 보임으로 이런 소견을 보이는 경우 신조직 생검 시기를 미룰 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.367-380
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• 1988

Most of the gold (-silver) vein deposits at Yeongdong District are mainly distributed in the precambrian metamorphic rocks. Based on the Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios, the chemical composition of electrum and the associated sulfides, the gold(-silver) deposits at Yeongdong District may be classified into 4 classes: pyrrhotite - type gold deposits( I), pyrite - type gold deposits (IT A; massive vein), pyrite - type gold deposits (II B; nonmassive vein) and argentite - type gold - silver deposits(III). The chemical study on electrum(including native gold) revealed that Au content (2.8 to 92.4 atomic%) of electrums varies very widely for different classes of deposits. The Au content of electrum associated with pyrrhotite (Class I), ranging from 47.1 to 92.4 atomic% Au, is clearly higher than that associated with pyrite (Classes IIA, IIB and III). In contrast, classes I, II, and III deposits do not show clear differences in Au content of electrum. In general, pyrrhotite - type gold deposits(I) are characterized by features such as simply massive vein morphology, low values in the Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios, the absence or rarity of silver - bearing minerals except electrum, and distinctively simple mineralogy. Although the geological and mineralogical features and vein morphology of pyrite - type gold deposits(IIA)are very similar to those of pyrrhotite - type gold deposits (I), Class II A deposits reveal significant differences in the associated iron sulfide (i. e. pyrite) with electrum and Au content of electrum. The Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios from Class II A deposits are relatively slightly higher than those from Class I deposits. Pyrite - type gold deposits(II B) and argentite - type gold - silver deposits (III) have many common features; complex vein morphology, medium to high values in the Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios and the associated iron sulfide (i. e. pyrite). In contrast to Class II B deposits, Class III deposits have significantly high Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios. It indicates distinct difference in the abundance of silver minerals (i. e. native silver and argentite). The fluid inclusion analyses and mineralogical data of electrum tarnish method indicate that the gold mineralization of Classes I and II A deposits was deposited at temperatures between $230^{\circ}$ and $370^{\circ}C$, whereas the gold (-silver) mineralization of Classes ITB and ill formed from the temperature range of $150^{\circ}-290^{\circ}C$. Therefore, Classes I and IT A deposits have been formed at higher temperature condition and/or deeper positions than Classes IIB and III.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1988

성상세포종과 교아세포종으로 1979년부터 1985년까지 7년 간 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 수술후 방사선치료를 시행한 49명의 환자에 대해 후향적 분석을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 3년 전체 생존율은 grade I, II, III 성상세포종에 대해 각각 $85.7\%,\;44.0\%,\;23.1\%$였으며, 교아세포종의 1년 및 2년 전체 생존율은 각각 $54.5\%,\;27.3\%$였다. 2. 종양의 분화도, 환자의 나이, 병소의 위치, 절제정도 등이 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자로 나타났다

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2004

The objectives of this study are to build up the concept of Environment-Oriented Land Suitability Assessment(EOLSA) and to develop the EOLSA mapping system by applying the EOLSA criteria to the case study area. In order to draw out the EOLSA critera, this study adopted the Delphi method including the experts' awareness survey to urban planners as well as environmental researchers in May and June 2001. As a result, the concept of EPLSA was defined as a process of land use planning to scientifically assess the physical and environmental value of land and to classify conservation aptitude into several grades for the sustainable management of environmental resources. With an outcome of applying the EOLSA criteria with five degrees to the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), Grade I, indicating the highest conservation value, accounted for 57.76% of the SMA. Then, Grade II reached up to 15.06%, Grade III 3.12%, Grade IV 15.92%, and Grade V, the lowest conservation value, 7.99% respectively. And also, the case analysis showed that the share of Grade I area was the highest in Gapyong county and Yangpyong county, Pochon county, Yeonchon county, Yongin city in the order and the lowest in Kwangmyong city, Osan city, Kunpo city, Kuri city, and Buchon city.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and frequency of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) effusion in magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with disc displacements. Materials and Methods: On T2 weighted MR images of 148 TMJs taken from 74 patients presenting with TMJ pain and dysfunction, we assessed the cases showing TMJ effusion, defined as an amount of fluid that exceeded the maximum amount seen in a control group of asymptomatic volunteers. The amount of TMJ fluid was graded as: I (none or minimal), II (moderate), III (marked), and IV (extensive), according to a standard set by a reference. Disc displacement categories were also recorded. Results: Of the 148 TMJs examined in this study, 52 joints (35.1%) presented with joint effusion, 24 (16.2%) showing bilateral joint effusion. 38 joints showed upper joint space effusion, 3 showed lower joint space effusion, and 11 showed both upper and lower joint space effusion. 96 joints (64.9%) had grade I joint fluid, 27 (18.2%) grade II, 15 (10.1 %) grade III, and 10 (6.8%) grade IV. 80.0% of the joints presenting with grade IV effusion showed disc displacement without reduction. Conclusion: Joint effusion was found not only in upper, but also in lower joint spaces. The higher the effusion grade, the greater the frequency of disc displacement without reduction.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1984

A retrospective analysis of survival data of i2 cases with brain astrocytomas was presented. All patients received post·operative radiotherapy in the period of $1973\~1983$ at YUMC, Yonsei Cancer Center. There were 24 patients with Grade II, 12 patients with Grade III and 16 patients with Grade IV astrocytomas. Survival rates o ere analyzed according to histologic grade of malignancy, age, tumor location, radiation dose and extent of surgical tumor resection. 5year actuarial survival for patients with Grade II astrocytomas was $32.9\%$ and Grade III was $42.9\%$. The 1 year and 2 year survival rate of Grade astrocytomas were $46.7\%$ and $0\%$. Histologic grade of tumor was important prognostic factor in brain astrocytomas. Age and extent of surgical resection were significant prognostic (actors in all grades of astrocytomas and tumor location and radiation dose were significant in Grade f astrocytomas.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

Background Silicone implants are frequently used in augmentation rhinoplasty in Asians. A common complication of silicone augmentation rhinoplasty is capsular contracture. This is similar to the capsular contracture after augmentation mammoplasty, but a classification for secondary contracture after augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone implants has not yet been established, and treatment algorithms by grade or severity have yet to be developed. Methods Photographs of 695 patients who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty with a silicone implant from May 2001 to May 2015 were analyzed. The mean observation period was 11.4 months. Of the patients, 81 were male and 614 were female, with a mean age of 35.9 years. Grades were assigned according to postoperative appearance. Grade I was a natural appearance, as if an implant had not been inserted. Grade II was an unnatural lateral margin of the implant. Clearly identifiable implant deviation was classified as grade III, and short nose deformation was grade IV. Results Grade I outcomes were found in 498 patients (71.7%), grade II outcomes in 101 (14.5%), grade III outcomes in 75 (10.8%), and grade IV outcomes in 21 patients (3.0%). Revision surgery was indicated for the 13.8% of all patients who had grade III or IV outcomes. Conclusions It is important to clinically classify the deformations due to secondary contracture after surgery and to establish treatment algorithms to improve scientific communication among rhinoplasty surgeons. In this study, we suggest guidelines for the clinical classification of secondary capsular contracture after augmentation rhinoplasty, and also propose a treatment algorithm.

• Brain Tumor Research and Treatment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2018

Meningioma is relatively common, benign, and extra-axial tumor accounting for about 20% of primary brain and spinal cord tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified these tumors into Grade I (benign), Grade II (atypical), and Grade III (anaplastic) meningioma. Grade I meningioma which is slowly growing tumor and have some rare subtypes. Among them, metaplastic subtype is defined as a tumor containing focal or widespread mesenchymal components including osseous, cartilaginous, lipomatous, myxoid or xanthomatous tissue, singly or in combinations. We report a rare metaplastic meningioma overspreading nearly whole cerebral convexity from main extra-axial tumor bulk in the parietal lobe.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1991

I, II기 intermediate grade악성 임파종에서 방사선 치료의 역할을 극인하기 위하여 서울대학교 병원 치료 방사선과에서 치료받은 162예의 방사선 치료 성적을 분석하였다. 초기의 치료 실패 양상 이 확인 가능한 68 예 중 38.2%는 조사야 내에서 61.8%는 조사야 밖에서 치료 실패 또는 재발 하였다. I기에서는 조사야 내 및 외에서 발생한 치료 실패 양상은 국소 조사야 치료시 각각 30.0%와 70.0%였고, 확대 조사야 치료시는 각각 43.8% 와 56.2%였다. II기에서는 각각 16.7% 와 83.3% 및 41.7%와 58.3%였다. 5년 무병 생존율은 전 환자에서 48.1%였고, I기 및 II기에서 각각 56.3%와 40.4%로 병기에 따른 유의한 차이가 있었다. 10cm 이상의 종괴나 전신적 증상은 무병 생존율에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 방사선 치료 범위가 큰 경우에 5년 무병 생존율이 양호하였고 특히 I기에서는 유의하였다. 재발후에 시행한 전신 화학요법의 효과를 감안한 5년 생존율은 I, II기에서 각각 65.3% 및 52.2%였으며 병기에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 따라서 5년 무병 생존율을 향상시키기 위해서는 원발 병소와 인접한 임파절 부위를 포함하는 화대 조사야로 치료할 필요가 있으며 재발된 경우에는 전신 화학 요법이 유용할 것으로 시사된다.