• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.169-178
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study is to look into the influential factors on the care-workers-perceived job stress level according as the elderly-perceived satisfaction varies depending on care workers' organizational characteristic & attitudes toward work, and there's necessity of reducing their job stress. Hereupon, this study, targeting the care workers at domiciliary visit care centers in Seoul district, analyzed the influential factors of organizational factors consisting of the sub-factors, such as job autonomy, compensation, education and development, members' interrelationship, etc. on the perception level of job stress. As a result of analysis, it was found that the shorter their working hours, the more their salary, the more guaranteed their job autonomy, and the better their interrelationship is, the care workers at a domiciliary visit care center had a positive perception of job stress. Accordingly, the operators of domiciliary visit care centers are requested to have a lot more concerns for diverse forms of improvements which can not only improve care workers' working conditions, such as daily working hours and a pay level but also promote a sense of fellowship between members; in addition, it is hoped that the operators should improve the organizational environment so that care workers can freely carry out their assigned business with a sense of responsibility rather than relying on control and regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.14
• /
• pp.99-117
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of clothes in modem Korean women in terms of a socioeconomical background, the introduction to western clothes, and the improvement of clothes between the opening period of ports in the early 1900's and 1960's. In addition, the study investigated how western clothes became popular in a Korean society along with the traditional' Korean clothes, Hanbok. The radical social change since the opening of ports motivated the change in the way of Korean women's thinking, and consequenty the improvement of Hanbok which developed into the clothes-improvement-movement. It was not until 1905 that the improvement of clothes was hotly debated particularly in the matter of abolishing Jangeui and the extreme length of Jeogori and Chima. The Tongchima-Jeogori style which lengthened Jeogori and shortened Chima was widely accepted as everyday wear until the western clothes substituted them after the Independence from Japanese Conquest. As the length of Chima shortened, there occurred a change in Boson and Jipsin as well. There appeared shoes and Gomoosin in place of Jipsin, socks in stead of Boson and were popularized until after the Liberation in 1945. The popularity of Gomoosin diminished markedly with the diversification of shoes styles, due to the improvement of the standard of living with economic development in the 1960's. The traditional Hanbok was gradually differentiated according to the social status, for instance student, teachers, ordinary women, girls and Kisaeng. Especially since the white clothes caused much trouble in washing and sewing, there came into being the movement of wearing colorful clothes. The Movement of abolishing white clothes and promoting of wearing colorful clothes was enforced during the period of Japaness conquest from the 1920's to the Liberation, which consequently stimulated an interest for colors of clothes. The period under the war between 1937 and 1945 was especially noted for the extreme regulation over the clothes. The Japanese government forced each group of women, e.g., girl students, a young women's association, school teachers, and ordinary women and girls, to wear their own uniforms. Also, It recommended the use of Tongchima in stead of long skirts, and buttons in place of Coreum so as to conserve textile encouraging the use of other substitutes to save resources. The western clothes, a model of clothe's improvement was deemed as a symbol of modernization and enjoyed general popularity. The supply of relief clothes after the Korean war accelerated the expansion of western clothes even further and the trend of westernization along with economic progress in the 1960's resulted in wearing of western clothes as everyday dress. The expansion of western clothes as casual wear rapidly diminished wearing of Hanbok which in turn took the position of ceremonial dress worn in special cases only. Hence the Korean women's clothes were dualized into traditional Hanbok and western clothes and the western clothes that stems on its convenience was settled as everyday wear where as the Hanbok appeared as ceremonial dress stressing on ornamental features. As mentioned aboved, we are able to discovered an orientation in the course of transitional process of modern Korean women's clothes admist diversified changes, which is a consistent pursuit of convenience and practicality based upon progmatism. The trend such as this carne into a finale' as women's dress became dualistic in forms of Hanbok and western clothes, and the change since then is supposed to proceed in two forms of dress featuring its own style.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2017

The main subject of year 2016 Davos forum was "The 4th Industrial Revolution." Recently, interests and investment in drone market, so called industrial revolution in the sky is growing in many countries around the world. Before, drone was used for military purpose such as reconnaissance or attacking but today, it is used in various private sectors such as unmanned delivery service, agriculture, leisure activities, etc. Presently, many major countries in the world are already involved in the 'war without gunfire' to be dominant in this drone industry. Korean government also has announced an extreme relaxation of regulations for growing drone industry by opening a conference with Ministers related to economics. During the conference, business scope of drone which was limited to agriculture, photographing, and observation was expanded to all the fields except for cases hindering national safety and security. In terms of shooting purpose drone its process of receiving approval for flight and shooting is simplified to online registration. What is more, drone delivery service will be allowed in island areas such as Goheung, Yeongwol, etc from first term of year 2017. Finding the way to apply drone in criminal investigation is also speeding up. Recently, Public Safety Policy Research Center in Korean National Police University has inquired for research service and its result will be out around November. Likewise, although more and stronger foundation for supporting drone industry is made but there are still, some opinions saying that we should take a careful approach in consideration to the side effect such as abuse in crime. One may also try terror by placing a dangerous substance. If drone falls, it may hurt any civilians. Moreover, if shopping purpose drone is hacked, it may result in violation of privacy. Compared to America, Europe, and China, we are at the very beginning stage of drone industry and it is necessary to reorganize legal issues to grow this industry. This can be thought from two perspectives; first, the growth of drone industry is blocked by difficult regulations on Aviation Law and Radio Regulation Law. The second issue is the safety and privacy that are required for operating drone. For the advanced technologies to make human life more profitable, more active and proactive actions are required by criminal law side. In preparation to the second mechanical era where man and machines should go together, I hope that responsible preparation is required in all fields including the criminal law.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.139-157
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the competitiveness of the logistics industry of three countries - Korea, China and Japan - by looking into their logistics industry structure and the related regulations. For this aim, the paper examined the modal distribution of transportation, transport infrastructure, freight cost structure and regulation in transport sector in these countries. Furthermore, this study suggests some proposals for the further cooperation to bring sustainable progress in the logistics sector across Northeast Asia. The main suggestions of this paper are as follows: First, Korean government needs to strategize its options in the logistics industry, the most competitive in the country’s service sector, in upcoming FTA negotiations with China and Japan. Second, Korea needs to foster Busan into a strategic point for the Rail Ferry System and Road Feeder System. Third, Korea should participate in establishing shuttle flight service in Northeast Asia amid exploding flight demand from active economic interchange and tourism industry development.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.9
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to grasp the overall policy decision system of sex crime prevention policy and analyze the interaction and pattern of actors in policy formation process. This is a useful way to identify the causes and ways to improve the policy if the sex crime prevention policy fails. As a research method, we used a model of advocacy through case analysis and language network analysis. In the external environment, low reporting of sex offenses, technical improvement and supplement for preventive management, consciousness of victims of sexual crimes, amendment of legislation, and support of the president. The conflicts between the advocacy coalition opposed the strong regulation, the prevention of recidivism, the expansion of the range of objects to be worn, the temporary effect of the system and the retrospective of the bill. As a problem-solving strategy, it was confirmed that the opposing positions of pros and cons of lack of manpower and negligence of management through the extension of the system were acutely opposed. In the context of media reports, this tendency is more likely to be understood as the concern of prevention and management at the central government level to prevent sex crimes. Therefore, although the methods of prevention of sex crimes have been insufficient in the past, it is hoped that this study will be helpful in breaking the link of negative policy vicious cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 1987

The book of Sa So Jeol is about the moral training family precepts written by Yi Deok-mu (이덕무, 1739~1793) in the year of king Young Jo 51th in the Yi dynasty. The writer provides us, according to the views of Confucianists, with the principles that both elders and children of that time should abide by in the daily life, dividing the said books into 924 sections, 8 chapters, and 2 volumes. The parts concerned with children are studied in this essay. The brief conclusions are as follows. 1. Children were required to have the mental attitudes of honesty, patience, tolerance and frugality and were instructed to show such attitudes through their behavior. 2. Children were instructed to have the behavioral attitudes of nine aspects, which are the behavioral characteristics of the sages. They were instructed to emulate the personal characters of the sages through being possessed of these nine aspects, which are to be found in healthy and comfortable mental states. 3. Children were instructed to be careful and composed, in their activities. Since prudence is the basic principle of mental and behavioral attitudes, being required of men and women of all ages in a traditional society, it was emphasized from early childhood 4. The aim of instruction was taken to be becoming human, or becoming a virtuous man, rather than merely passing the classical government examamination, and for this aim the moral rules, which can be considered the order of human relations, were taught intensively. 5. As for instructional methods, the children were required to do careful or rough reading according to their abilities, and were instructed to listen to lectures politely, prudently, ardently and honestly. 6. The instructional contents are for the purpose of making children read the classical canons after increasing their perceptive ability in the various things of the sexagenary cycle, the multipicative method, the kings, lineage, and the reign-titles, and the accumulated knowledge of $\ulcorner$Kyung Mong Yo Kyul$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Seong Hak Jeop Yo$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Keun Sa Lok$\lrcorner$. Because of the greater emphasis on natural talents rather than on acquired abilities, the children, however, were eudcated only after their despositions were examined. 7. The children were required to have warm-hearted, careful, polite, and prudent attitudes toward their elders, and were instructed to take precauticns against arrogance and impoliteness. Since politeness in particular was considered not only as the ground of decorum but the method of emotional regulation and maintaining composure for confucianists, it can be regarded as the principal ettiquettee demanded in all activities. 8. The main instructional contents are generally moral aspects, concentrating on introspection and virtuous conduct through emotional regulations, rather than on the natural expression of physical and mental states.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.149-164
• /
• 2014

The laws and policies governing Korea's game regulations are becoming more and more topics for debate as we enter the Age of Internet. The nature of the basis for Internet regulations and policies are not rooted in freedom of speech or fundamental values of democracy, but rather focused on solving real-world problems such as protection of the youth. Furthermore, the reality is that regulatory devices for keeping the social order such as regulating gambling are being applied directly to games without consideration on the characteristics of Internet gaming, raising concerns that the expansion of constitutional values and innovative empowerment inherent to the Internet are being weakened. The Geun-Hye Park Administration which succeeded Myung-Bak Lee's Administration, even went so far as to implement the so-called "Shutdown Policy", which prohibits access to Internet games during pre-defined time zones and also instigated a time zone selection rule. In order to curb the gambling nature of Internet games, government-led policies such as the mandatory personal identification and prohibition of player selection or in other words mandatory random player selection are being implemented. These institutions can inhibit freedom of speech, which is the basis of democracy, violate the right of equality through unreasonable discrimination between domestic and foreign service providers, and infringe upon the principles of administrative law, such as laws, due process in policies, and balance in among policies and governmental bodies. Going forward, if Korea's Internet game regulations and polices is to develop in a rational manner, regulatory frameworks will need to be designed to protect the nature of the Internet and its innovative values that enable the realization of constitutional values; for example, the Internet acting as the "catalytic media for freedom of expression as a fundamental human right ", which has already been acknowledged by the Korea's Constitutional Court. At the same time, transparent procedures should be put into place that will allow diverse participation of stakeholders including game service providers, game users, the youth and parents in the legislation and enforcement process of regulatory institutions; policies will also need to be transformed to enable not only regulatory laws but also self-regulation system to be established. And in this process, scientific and empirical analysis on the expected effects before introducing regulations and the results of enforcing regulations after being introduced will need to be strengthened.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2013

Food safety management should be based on scientific evidences. FAO and WHO presented risk analysis as one of four principles in food safety management. WTO also admits the self safety regulation only when it is made on the basis of risk assessment. Without scientific analysis, tracing and eliminating the cause of food poisoning is impossible. Research and development plays a key role to produce scientific evidences. The Korean government ran over 40 programs in 11 agencies from 2008 to 2010. However, there is no statistics on food safety R&D at present. In this research, food safety projects conducted from 2008 to 2010 are listed up by means of analysing National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS). The analytical criteria are the name of programs, national standard classification of science and technology, and keywords. As result, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and Rural Development Administration play major role in the food safety R&D. The portion of more than one year projects should rise up in order to achieve the data for risk assessment, which is strongly required to improve. Besides, the research should be deeper so as to publish more SCI papers. The R&D portfolio should be changed in direction to raise up the portion of biological hazards such as norovirus. In order to do so, a large number of food safety programs should be emerged. The categories of food safety management and the hygiene/quality management of the agricultural and livestock products in the national standard classification of science and technology should be emerged because they are set up reflecting agencies' interests in spite of few differences between them.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2017

The recent tragic outbreak of fire at the Grenfell Tower in the United Kingdom compels all branches of government to reexamine and reassess the safety measures against fires in high-rise buildings from a broad perspective. Accordingly, this study examined what problems stem from the current evacuation codes by comparative analysis of the high-rise apartment evacuation codes that range over various individual laws before introducing a new evacuation code. The outcome of this study can be utilized as basic data for amending the existing evacuation codes for high-rise buildings. The codes related to high-rise building evacuation include the Building Act, the Housing Act, the Skyscraper Disaster Management Act, and the Fire-Fighting System Act. Some local governments have also drawn up their own codes and put them into practice. Comparative analysis of the major evacuation codes has helped identify a variety of problems, such as different codes being applied to each individual law and ordinance, the use of additional codes other than the provisions of laws and ordinances, and the in effectiveness of evacuation codes. Most of these problems occur when diverse codes are applied to a single building, which means that cooperation among the relevant ministries is urgently needed to improve the related codes in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2014

In national water quality policy, it changed previous regulation method that focuses on concentration of pollutants in effluent water to the way that regulates total amount of pollutants. The target of water quality in watershed of each river was set up, as the government instituted Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDL). In order to accomplish successfully TMDL, it requires that the amount of pollutant loads discharged from point and nonpoint pollutant source should be investigated. This study, therefore, conducted the monitoring of the stormwater runoff at field region in farming area. And pollutants loads and unit loads discharged from field region results is calculated. As a result, the concentration of pollutants were calculated as follows: 10.5 BOD mg/L, 19.6 $COD_{Mn}$ mg/L, 4.5 TN mg/L and 2.4 TP mg/L. The unit load of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, TOC, TSS, TN and TP discharged from field region, also, were determined to $31.8kg/km^2/yr$, $56.7kg/km^2/yr$, $8.5kg/km^2/yr$, $560.9kg/km^2/yr$, $8.3kg/km^2/yr$ and $5.1kg/km^2/yr$, respectively. It was identified that there were some differences of unit loads between the results obtained from this study and previous one. To calculate exact unit loads, therefore, long term monitoring should be conducted.