• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제12권11호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Carbon emissions have now become a major concern around the world, especially for the government and private sector. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, disclosure related to company carbon emissions is still done voluntarily. This research aims to provide empirical evidence on the effect of environmental performance, carbon emission disclosure, and carbon emission intensity on the cost of equity capital. Research design, data, and methodology: This research uses secondary data with a sample consisting of Indonesia companies that are sensitive to the environment and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. The analytical tool used in this research was multiple regression models. Result: The study found a carbon emission disclosure had a significant positive effect on the cost of equity capital. Carbon emission intensity and company size had a significant negative effect on the cost of equity capital. Meanwhile, environmental performance did not have a significant effect on the cost of equity capital. Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this research are expected to provide feedback to the company's stakeholders that environmental performance and carbon emissions are some of the points seen by investors in making investment decisions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2022

To investigate the short-run effects of social capital on migration decisions of individuals in the rural areas of Vietnam, we conducted dataset mining and performed regression model analysis in the form of panel data. As control variables, we employed the variable of social capital, which is measured by an individual's network, as well as demographic characteristics of individuals and households. We discovered that when a household is in financial distress, social networks such as linkages or asking for aid from others often enhance individual capacity. Individuals with a large social network outside of their immediate area are more inclined to relocate to the location where their connectors live. Individual participation and degree of participation in the organizational community, on the other hand, have little bearing on the likelihood of migration. In addition, this research examines theories and empirical research on the relationship between social capital and migration. Based on our research findings, we have recommended some measures to boost the efficiency of social capital and migration in rural areas of Vietnam through local government solutions.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2023

The records system is believed to have started in Italy in the 14th century in line with trade developments in Europe. In 1491, Luca Pacioli, a mathematician, and an Italian Franciscan monk wrote the first book that described double-entry accounting processes. In many countries, including Korea, the government accounting standards used single-entry bookkeeping rather than double-entry bookkeeping that can be aggregated by account subject. The cash-based and single-entry bookkeeping used by the government in the past had limitations in providing clear information on financial status and establishing a performance-oriented financial management system. Accordingly, the National Accounting Act (promulgated in October 2007) stipulated the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping and accrual accounting systems in the government sector from January 1, 2009. Furthermore, the Korean government has also introduced International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and the System of National Accounts (SNA). Since 2014, Korea owned five national accounts. In Korea, valuation began with the 1968 National Wealth Statistics Survey. The academic origins of the valuation of national wealth statistics which had been investigated by due diligence every 10 years since 1968 are based on the 'Engineering Valuation' of professor Marston in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Iowa State University in the 1930s. This field has spread to economics, etc. In economics, it became the basis of capital stock estimation for positive economics such as econometrics. The valuation by the National Wealth Statistics Survey contributed greatly to converting the book value of accounting data into vintage data. And in 2000 National Statistical Office collected actual disposal data for the 1-digit asset class and obtained the ASL(average service life) by Iowa curve. Then, with the data on fixed capital formation centered on the National B/S Team of the Bank of Korea, the national wealth statistics were prepared by the Permanent Inventory Method(PIM). The asset classification was also classified into 59 types, including 2 types of residential buildings, 4 types of non-residential buildings, 14 types of structures, 9 types of transportation equipment, 28 types of machinery, and 2 types of intangible fixed assets. Tables of useful lives of tangible fixed assets published by the Korea Appraisal Board in 1999 and 2013 were made by the Iowa curve method. In Korea, the Iowa curve method has been adopted as a method of ASL estimation. There are three types of the Iowa curve method. The retirement rate method of the three types is the best because it is based on the collection and compilation of the data of all properties in service during a period of recent years, both properties retired and that are still in service. We hope the retirement rate method instead of the individual unit method is used in the estimation of ASL. Recently Korean government's accounting system has been developed. When revenue expenditure and capital expenditure were mixed in the past single-entry bookkeeping we would like to suggest that BOK and National Statistical Office have accumulated knowledge of a rational difference between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. In particular, it is important when it is estimated capital stock by PIM. Korea also needs an empirical study on economic depreciation like Hulten & Wykoff Catalog A of the US BEA.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of government R&D programs on firm innovation activities. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed survey data on innovation survey in Korea. To investigate our research hypothesis we used ordered logit regression analysis. Findings - This study unveils different effects of diverse government R&D programs on firm innovation activities. Most of government programs-R&D tax incentives, information/training, and marketing supports-have positive effects on management innovation activities and negative effects of the usage of procurement programs on management innovation efforts. Some government programs-R&D tax incentives, R&D grants, information/training-have positive effects on technological innovation activities. Research implications or Originality - This paper investigates the effects of diverse government R&D programs on technological and management innovation activities. We examine simultaneous effects of multiple government R&D programs rather than effects of independent R&D programs. This result can contribute to develop more effective government R&D programs to support firm innovation activities.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 2014

It is necessary to calculate prime cost of medical services accurately in order to evaluate the adequacy of medical fee. This paper aims to identify cost analysts' perception on prime cost of medical services and needs in establishing a cost accounting system in hospitals, proposing future directions and guidelines for the calculation of medical fee. A self-administered questionnaire and telephone survey on operation of a hospital cost-accounting system was conducted in November, 2012, among cost analysts currently working in the hospitals and hospital administrators planning to implement the hospital cost-accounting system. Our study shows that most of the cost analysts were aware of the importance of calculating prime cost and responded that collection of the prime cost data from government is necessary although they are less likely to provide the data in the future concerning the risk of data misuse and data security. They also responded that lack of budget allocation and excessive workload were the main reasons for not estimating the prime cost and operating cost management information system. Results show that hospital cost analysts considered the data accuracy is the most critical factor in calculating prime costs of medical services. However, there was no investment budget allocated in some hospitals or limited to less than 100 million, indicating that hospitals are reluctant to invest on implementing the cost accounting system. Respondents stated the organization that collects the prime cost of medical services among hospitals should display strong analytical capabilities, ensure data security, and maintain independence, which is most demanded. There are 57 hospitals that calculated the prime cost of medical services for 2012 by each medical department and 20 hospitals that calculated the prime cost by fee-for-services, aiming to establish a cost accounting system. Our results indicate that hospitals should voluntarily provide the accurate prime cost for medical services in order to properly evaluate the adequacy of medical fee. Consequently, it is critical to establish an independent organization to collect and appraise the data. It is also recommended that government should implement various policies to encourage hospitals to participate in the data collection to achieve the data accuracy and representativeness.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.31-65
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 세대 간 회계를 이용하여 현행 재정정책의 유지 가능성과 최근 논의되고 있는 복지확대정책이 재정건전성과 세대 간 형평성에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 현행 재정정책은 유지 가능하지 못하며, 재정수지 불균형도 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 재정지출 수준을 통제하지 않는 한 납세자의 재정부담이 감내할 수 없을 정도로 높아질 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 최근 논의되고 있는 무상의료와 같은 복지지출 확대정책은 납세자의 재정부담을 대폭적으로 높이게 된다. 무상급식, 무상보육, 반값등록금 지급과 관련된 복지확대정책은 현시점에서의 금액이 비교적 크지 않으며 낮은 출산율로 인해 향후 보육인구와 학령인구가 줄어듦에 따라 지출액이 줄어들 것으로 예상되어 이들 정책으로 인한 재정부담의 증대규모가 비교적 크지 않은 반면, 무상의료의 경우는 현시점에서의 금액도 매우 클 뿐만 아니라 인구의 노령화로 인해 수급자 수가 증가할 것으로 예상되므로 이로 인한 재정부담이 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 우리나라 지방자치단체의 기금에 대한 현황과 현재 기금제도가 안고 있는 운용관련 문제를 정확히 지적하고 또한 이를 바탕으로 실증적 분석을 통하여 회계와 재무적 현황을 살펴보며, 지역주민과 공무원의 설문을 통해 실질적 문제점을 찾아내어 지방정부의 기금활용에 대한 합리적 모형의 구축 및 기금의 합리적 운용방안을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 기금제도는 급변하는 경제사회환경의 변화에 대응하여 지방자치단체의 역할을 효과적으로 높이고 예산회계제도가 갖는 일반회계나 특별회계제도의 경직성을 극복하고, 특정 사업에 대한 지속적인 지원을 통하여 민주적이고 효율적으로 수행하는데 큰 의미가 있다. 그러나 기금은 일반적으로 예산회계 제도 내에서는 목적을 달성할 수 없는 분야에 한하여 극히 제한적으로 운용되어야 함은 주지의 사실이다. 기금관리 운용의 개혁은 기금제도의 폐해가 고착화되기 전에 이루어져야 하며, 요인분석에서도 나타나듯이 기금제도의 민주성과 효율성을 향상시키는 전략적 측면이 적극적으로 모색되어야 한다.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.333-341
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 토지비축사업이 재원조성에서 LH 채권에 의존적인 현행 구조로는 사업의 지속성을 갖기 힘들기 때문에 근본적 개선방안이 필요하다는 인식에서 출발하였다. 토지은행사업의 특성상 사업초기에는 비축물량의 확보가 우선시되므로 자금투입만 집중적으로 이루어지고 회수는 장기에 걸쳐 일어난다는 점을 고려하고, 또한 토지은행 운영주체인 LH의 재무여건이 악화되어 토지은행 사업초기의 필요자금을 충분히 조달할 여력이 안된다는 점을 고려할 때, 현행 LH 적립금과 채권발행에만 의존하는 재원조달구조는 지속성에 한계가 있다. 따라서 사업초기와 정착단계에서의 특성을 감안하여 재원조달수단은 차별적으로 고려되어야 할 것이다. 사업초기에는 정부재정을 통한 지원이 불가피한데, 토지은행을 LH에 설치한 취지를 살려 직접적인 지원보다는 한시적 보증 등 간접적인 지원이 바람직할 것이다. 간접적인 재정지원방식으로는 별도의 토지은행채권을 도입하는 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 위해서는 공공토지비축법 개정을 통해 '토지은행채권 발행' 조항을 신설하되, 사업초기에는 자체적인 채권상환능력이나 담보력을 갖고 있지 못하므로 '한시적인 정부보증' 조항을 동시에 신설할 필요가 있다. 이에 부가하여, 토지은행 구분계리방식의 변경도 필요하다. LH 고유계정과는 독립적으로 토지은행계정에서 별도의 채권을 발행할 경우 토지은행계정은 LH 고유계정과 명확히 구분될 필요가 있으며, 공기업 준정부기관 회계사무규칙을 개정하여 토지은행계정을 국가재정법상의 기금에 준하여 통합재무제표 작성대상에서 제외토록 함으로써 회계처리지침 변경의 근거를 명확히 해둘 필요가 있다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between government subsidies and research and development (R&D) investment of animal husbandry companies in China. The moderating effects of firm size, debt ratio, and firm profitability on this relationship are also examined. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis is based on 14 animal husbandry companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges over the period of 2012-2016. Data are obtained from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research (CSMAR) database and the RESSET database, and multiple regression analysis is utilized with the aid of Stata. Results: The empirical results show that government subsidies can promote R&D investment of animal husbandry companies in China. In addition, firm size, debt ratio, and firm profitability have positive moderating effects on the relationship between government subsidies and R&D investment. Conclusions: Based on the results, the paper concludes that government subsidies play an important role in the process of R&D of China's animal husbandry companies. This paper recommends that managers of animal husbandry companies should enhance the utilization efficiency of government subsidies and put great emphasis on R&D investment. The policymakers should implement more incentives to encourage animal husbandry companies to invest more in R&D.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.91-106
• /
• 2018

An appreciable number of Chinese firms have successfully expanded their businesses into foreign economics although they have limited resources. Advocating that home country government supports can mitigate firms' resource-disadvantages in international expansions, we attempted to investigate whether and how the Chinese government's support enables Chinese firms to compete in foreign markets. Based heavily on the knowledge-based theory of the firm and the resource-based theory of the firm, we developed a model that explain and predicts the effects of home-country government-supports on superior financial performance. The model was empirically tested using a accounting dataset regarding Chinese firms' 323 international expansion events from 2008 to 2015. Empirical evidence presents that the Chinese government's support has a positive effect on Chinese firms' international success and that these firms' marketing, technological, and managerial resources positively moderate the effect of the government support on the firms' international success. Nonetheless, because we employed an event-study method, the limitations of the method can be applied to the current research. In addition, because of the empirical context, the results of the research might lack generalizability. We, however, provided an understanding how firms from emerging countries can succeed in international expansions specifically when they have lack of resources for international competition.