• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2003

Seeds treated before sowing should be dried for their quality control on their sale or storage. The experiments were done to clarify the effect of drying, temperature and light quality treated during drying and germination on germination of gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) seeds. Drying of treated seeds was done at $35^{\circ}C$. After treated seeds were dried. their germination test was done at 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ on the condition of darkness, but with blue, red, far-red light and darkness as light quality treatments. FR-yongjadaemok and FR-kunghap were used as test cultivars and their daily germination rates were measured at treatment levels. Its presowing hydrated seeds were dried 10 hours at $35^{\circ}C$ until reached below their original moisture content, and germination rate between the above dried seeds and the conventional dry-heated ones was not significantly different. At $30^{\circ}C$ germination temperature, the treated seeds showed higher initial germination rate when dried under red light illumination than under darkness although their germination rates were nearly same at each temperature of 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ being relatively low. Effect of the red light treatment during their drying continued to more than 3 months. Germination rate of the red light treated seeds during drying was reduced by far-red light treated during their germination. The initial rate to the second day after sowing were higher under red light and darkness treated during germination than under the two other lights.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

Seed germinability might be highly related to seedling establishment. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of presowing treatments of aging, priming, $GA_3$ , prechilling and water imbibition, different temperatures and light quality during germination on germination of gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) seeds. Aging treatment with different temperatures and periods was done by the accelerated aging method. Priming using KNO$_3$ and $GA_3$ treatment for 24 hours were done at 100 mM and at 0.01 mM before a week prechilling. The germination tests using a week prechilled seeds were done at 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ on the condition of darkness, and also with blue, red, far-red light and darkness as light quality treatments. FR-yongjadaemok and FR-kunghap were used as test cultivars and their daily germination rates were measured at treatment levels. Germination rates were reduced in the seeds aged at $45^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. Prechilling showed the highest and fastest rate among the four presowing treatments but the two other presowing treatments had similar or less rates than water imbibition. Prechilling done before sowing enhanced the low vigor seeds, and accelerated the germination of cv. FR-kunghap at 20 to $30^{\circ}C$ and with blue, red light or darkness during germination although far-red light inhibited their germination.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2002

Gourd seeds were irradiated with the doses of 0-20 Gy to investigate the effect of the low dose $\gamma$-radiation on the early growth and physiological activity. The stimulating effects of the low dose y- radiation on the early growth were not noticeably high, but were increased generally at 4-16 Gy irradiation group. The catalase and peroxidase activity of cotyledon from seeds irradiated with $\gamma$- radiation were increased at 8 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical activity of leaf was noticeably high at 4 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical yield of PSII, estimated as Fv/Fm, decreased with increasing illumination time by 50% after 4 hrs in the control and 8 Gy irradiation group, while Fo slightly increased. However, Fv/Em in the 4 Gy irradiation group decreased by 40% of inhibition, indicating that photoinhibition decreased by the low dose $\gamma$- radiation. Changes in the effective quantum yield of PSII, $\varphi_{PSII}$ and 1/Fo- l/Fm, a measure of the rate constant of excitation trapping by the PSII reaction center, showed similar pattern to Fv/Em. NPQ decreased by 70% after photoinhibitory treatment with showing similar pattern between the control and the irradiation group. These results showed the positive effect of low dose $\gamma$- radiation on the seedling growth and the reduction of photoinhibition in the 4 Gy irradiation group.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.578-584
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• 2000

Three kinds of the mashes of 15%, 20% and 25% of boiled wax gourd containing 20% of sugar were fermented by yeast at 5~1$0^{\circ}C$ for 100 days. After fermentation, total sugar content of the 15% mash was 8.0%, 20% mash 8.6%, and 25% mash 8.3%, respectively. Also, it revealed that in reducing sugar content, 15% mash was 7.4%, 20% mash 7.6%, and 25% mash 7.4%, respectively, In protein content, 15% mash was 10.3mg/ml, 20% mash 9.8mg/ml, and 25% mash 11.3mg/ml, and in amino acid content, 15% mash was 0.13 $\mu$mo1/ml, 20% mash 0.03 $\mu$mo1/ml, and 25% mash 0.03 $\mu$mo1/ml, each. In case of pH, 15% mash was 3.88, 20% mash 3.99, and 25% mash 3.97, respectively. In acidity, 15% mash was 0.37, 20% mash 0.44. and 25% mash 0.43, respectively. In the number of yeast cell, 15% mash was 8.33 logCFU/ml, 20% mash 8.56 logCFU/ml, and 25% mash 8.57 logCFU/ml. respectively. In ethanol content, 15% mash was 13.4%, 20% mash 14.9%, and 25% mash 15.5%, respectively. In organic acid content, acetic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid were produced, and succinic acid content ranges from 1,407~1,800 mg/l. Five-grade scoring test of sensory evaluation showed that in its taste degree, 15% mash was 3.93, 20% mash 3.66 and 25% mash 3.40, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 1991

The skin and fleshy substance on the net fiber of sponge-gourd fruit pressed mechanically was removed with 0.2% NaOH solution in $3{\sim}5$ hours. The treatment of 0.2% NaOH with 0.02% Monopol(non-ionogenic polyoxethylen derivative) as surfactnat and with 0.1% $Ca(OCl)_2$ as bleaching agent enhanced the effect to remove the fleshy substance and improve the quality of net fiber. Also, the wet hardness and tensile strength of net fiber were controlled by the crosslinkage of the fiber with glu tardialdehyde, glyoxal, and formalin, respectively. The net fiber was stable on the acid and alkaline solutions. Also the range of temperature to degradate the fiber was $338{\sim}385^{\circ}C$. These values indicated a fair stability. The improved net fiber can be used for raw material of bath, dish washing, oil and gas filter, and many kinds of decorations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 1991

The volatile components, normal hydrocarbons, organic acids, and nonvolatile fatty acids in the various parts of Luffa cylindrica(L.) Roemer(sponge-gourd) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. More than 150 volatile components were separated and thirty seven components were identified and quantified. The contents of essential oil were 0.05%, 0.05%, and 0.08% on a dried weight base in leaves, stem, and seeds respectively. Fruit juice and sap contained 0.06% and 0.03% oil on the fresh weight base. Twenty six components of normal hydrocarbons in leaves, stem, seed, and unripe fruit were separated, identified, and quantified. The total concentrations of the hydrocarbons were $75.5\;{\mu}g/g$ in leaf, $52.0\;{\mu}g/g$ in stem, $46.6\;{\mu}g/g$ in fruit juice, and $32.8\;{\mu}g/g$ in seed fractions. The major hydrocarbons in leaves, stem, and fruit juice were $nC_{25}$, $nC_{27}$, $nC_{29}$, and $nC_{31}$, $nC_{16}$, $nC_{17}$, $nC_{18}$, and $nC_{19}$ were abundant in seeds mainly. The concentration of malonic acid among the five organic acids was highest in leaves, stem, and flowers. Unripe fruit contained 24.5 mg/g of the five organic acids and malic and citric acids were higher. The concentrations of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were higher concentration in the various parts of sponge-gourd and palmitic acid was distributed in the most parts. The concentrations of organic and fatty acids in the sap were negligible.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.634-639
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• 2006

In order to develop a disease-resistant root stock for the growth of watermelon, an efficient regeneration system of the gourd(Lagenaria leucantha Duch.) inbred line GO701-2 via organogenesis was established in this experiment. Using proximal parts of cotyledon explant excised from germinated seedling in vitro, maximum adventitious shoot formation (39%) was achieved on MS medium where cytokinin (BA) and auxin (IAA) were added at a concentration of 3mg/L and 0.1mg/L, respectively. Roots of the elongated shoots were successfully formed on MS medium without adding any plant growth regulators. The cucumber CsGolS1 gene known as a resistance gene against biotic and abiotic stresses, was constructed into the binary vector pBI121 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. When the gene was introduced into the genome of gourd by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, putative transgenic plants were obtained with the transformation efficiency of approximately 20 percent.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

Three kinds of the mashes of 15%, 20% and 25% of boiled wax gourd containing 15% of sugar were fermented by yeast at $5{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ for 100 days. After fermentation, total sugar content of 15% mash was 7.3%, 20% mash 5.0% and 25% mash 4.0% respectively. Also, it revealed that in reducing sugar content, 15% mash was 4.5%, 20% mash 3.4% and 25% mash 4.0%, respectively. In protein content, 15% mash was 10.1mg/ml, 20% mash 13.9mg/ml, 25% mash 10.9mgl/ml, and in amino acid content, 15% mash was $0.27{\mu}mol/ml$, 20% mash $0.51{\mu}mol/ml$, and 25% mash $0.31{\mu}mol/ml$, each. In case of pH, 15% mash was 3.85, 20% mash 3.76, and 25% mash 3.51. In acidity, 15% mash was 0.34%, 20% mash 0.84%, and 25% mash 1.35%, respectively. In the number of yeast cell, 15% mash was 0.34%, 20% mash 0.84%, and 25% mash 1.35%, respectively. In the number of yeast cell, 15% mash was 6.30 logCFU/ml, 20% mash 6.85 logCFU/ml, and 25% mash 8.45logCFU/ml, respectively. In ethanol content, 15% mash was 11.4%, 20% mash 12,4%, and 25% mash 11.5%, respectively. Succinic acid content ranges from 1,128~1,385mg/l. In Acetic acid, 20% mash showed 2,806 mg/l and 25% mash 4,952 mg/l by acidification. Five-grade scoring test of sensory evaluation showed that in its taste degree, 15% mash was 3.26, 20% mash 3.00 and 25% mash 2.46, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.84-85
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.188-189
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• 2005