• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.3 s.16
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• pp.107-120
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• 1998

Even though Gothic architecture, one of the most technologically complex sophisticated structural systems, has been interpreted by art and architectural historians since the nineteenth century, we still cannot entirely comprehend either the medieval builder's constructional technique and structural knowledge or the meaning of Gothic architectural elements. The major reason is that contemporaneous written documentation concerning design methods and constructional techniques of medieval architecture is lacking. In 1955, the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris exhibited the sketchbook of the thirteenth century architect Villard do Honnecourt. After the exhibition, analysis on the architectural drawings of Villard's sketchbook had reported widely. Most of analysis on Villard, however, has been on his drawing and artistic style, and there has been very little published analysis of his profession and question on the author of the sketchbook. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the sketchbook and identify the artist who drew it. The sketchbook poses a number of unsolved questions. There is no doubt that several hands have contributed some drawing with appropriate captions, particularly in the section devoted to the application of practical geometry to problems of masonry and carpentry. Scholars have assumed and revealed that it was not made by only one person, and it dealt too many different fields and styles. Through this study, the sketchbook drawings consist of five different styles and person (original painter, master1, master2, master3, and the last owner), and they, not Villard, just redrew the original drawings and bound the sketchbook. Therefore, Villard de Honnecourt was just a mentor of the sketchbook and he did not participate any writing and drawing in the sketchbook.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.21-33
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to identify the formative feature of the Chippendale style of the 18th century and to understand the aesthetic feature of the Chippendale style applied in the modern fashion. This is significant in that new possibilities are proposed in fashion design in more holistic and multifaceted views by comparing and delving into the fashion vis-a-vis other fields in a bigger scope of the formative art. The Chippendale style furniture is a combination of various styles of different eras and regions such as Gothic and Chinese style based on the Rococo style. Today, It is regarded in fashion as a composite design of heterogeneous elements or very curvy decorative design. The Chippendale style of this kind is classified into the Rococo style, Gothic style and Chinese style. Depending on each classification, formative features including curves, asymmetry, decorativeness, geometrical feature, exoticism, compositeness and graceness were derived. In comparative studies, fashion and furniture of the Chippendale style have the similarity in formative features but there were some differences in the expressive method. This study analyzed the formative features of the Chippendale style represented in furniture and the modern fashion based on the Rococo-revival design in the modern fashion starting from 2000.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2013

As a typical subculture, Goth exercises influence on our culture in broad areas. Features of Gothic style, such as dark aesthetics, images of death and fear, and erotic horrification, emerged as attractive themes to contemporary fashion designs. Based on the dark attraction of black color, Goth fashion creates mysterious and fantastic atmosphere as well as grotesque and horrifying mood. 'Hallyu' or Korean wave is a term to describe the phenomenon of fervently loving Korean popular culture. As the fast spreading Hallyu is strongly engraved through the visually conspicuous fashion, we can say that fashion plays important role in diffusing Hallyu. In addition, a number of analyses and researches on the Hallyu, including K-pop, have been conducted, while concentrating keen interest in fashion of Hallyu K-pop stars. Accordingly, this study is designed to examine relations between fashion of K-pop stars and Goth fashion after analyzing features of Hallyu and K-pop and contemplating Goth fashion. Namely, this study will analyze various Goth images shown in K-pop fashion, which is the core of Hallyu, and identify aesthetic features of Goth shown in the fashion of K-pop stars. An investigation and analysis of the Goth images shown in the fashion of K-pop stars identifies the following features : a black aesthetic, eroticism, defiance, reversal of gender identity, and mystery.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.451-457
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• 2017

Bell's palsy is an acute-onset unilateral peripheral facial neuropathy. For patients with sequelae of facial paresis, the successful rehabilitation of fully edentulous arches is challenging. This case report described the treatment procedures and clinical considerations to fabricate complete dentures of a patient who showed unilateral displacement of mandible, unilateral chewing pattern and parafunctional jaw movement due to sequelae of Bell's palsy. Gothic arch tracing was used to record reproducible centric relation and lingualized occlusion was performed to provide freedom to move between centric relation and the patient's habitual functional area in fabricating satisfactory dentures in terms of function and esthetics.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

Collapse behavior of Mission-Gothic Undercrossing under Northridge earthquake is studied by performing nonlinear time-history analysis and three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method for flared columns. Bridge structural model is characterized as three-dimensional with consideration of columns, superstructures, and abutment conditions. Three components of ground motion, corresponding to bridge's longitudinal, transverse, and vertical direction and their combinations are used to investigate bridge collapse. Studies indicate that bridge collapse is dominantly caused by transverse ground motion and the consideration of three-dimensional ground motion leads to a more accurate assessment. Failure mechanism of flared columns is analyzed applying nonlinear finite element method. Reduction of column capacity is observed due to orientation of flare. Further investigation demonstrates that the effects of flare play an important role in predicting of bridge failure mechanism. Suggestions are offered to improve the performance of bridges during severe earthquake.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.116-136
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• 1992

Architectural essence of John Ruskin's discourse can resolve itself into natural beauty, craftmanship, and truth in structure, surface, and process. His theories became disciplines of modern English school, Art and Craft and Free architecture, in aspects of organic architecture, morality, and rationality. These concepts disseminated continental Art Nouveau and also became it's basic principles. But his empirical theories hated use of machine, and should find a ideal model in medieval romanticism of Gothic. Anti-machine, as a instictive guideline of English modern architecture, couldn't cope with the industrialization of 20th century, and Gothic revival interfered with creating a new style. Muthesius' discourses were taught by the power of group movements and modern concept of form in English school, originally by Ruskin. But he accepted the potentiality of machine and mass production, and stressed creating the new German style suitable with machine. With the progress of Deutscher Werkbund, his theories were advanced to 'quality' connected with craftmanship, to discourse on mechanical 'form', and lastly to 'standardization and type' for mass production. Mechanical functionalism of Muthesius and DWB were sophiscated and handed down to Bauhaus, and then finally helped establishment of the Modern Architecture and Internationalism. Both English and German modern architecture owed their contribution as well as limitation to Ruskin and Muthesius as theorists. Through this comparative study, we can see the priority of theory to practice, the theoretical justification based on insight for its society and future, and the practical character of theory itself.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.206-214
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antique chair style in Korean market. The examined objects were 235 chairs in selected 30 antique shops dealing with curios in Seoul from July 16 to August 23 in 2002. The results of this study was as follows Antique chairs in Korean market are revival style and eclectic style. The revival style are copied or transformed period style antique chairs. The eclectic style are chairs newly designed by mixing of 2 or 3 different types period style antique-chairs. Rococo-revival style were the most prevalent following Renaissance style chairs in the market. In case of chair back and legs the Classic revival style are made by copying and transforming the Klismos, Hepplewhite, Sheraton, which is a neo-classic style. The Gothic revival style are copied or transformed finial, foil, crocket and tracery which is the Gothic architectural decoration. In Renaissance revival style. Elizabeth, slat, caned, padded, yorkshire, bobbin turned, William & Mary are copied and transformed for the chair back. In Rococo-revival style, LouisXV, Queen Anne, Chippendale of Rococo-style- chair back and cabriole legs are copied or transformed. In the eclectic style, Classic style chair back with Renaissance-style legs or Rococo style chair back with Renaissance style legs are combined as a periodical eclectic style. In this manner now style of chair back and the periodical style of legs were used together as a new eclectic style chair.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2015

This study tried to investigate the difference of the legibility in different age groups (young and old) with same near visual acuity and to provide preliminary guidelines for the text sizes in the pesticides products based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective, legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different age(20s, 50-60s), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness (plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same near visual acuity(0.6). The results showed that legibility 50s was higher than 20s. And 20s are appealed higher discomfort than 50s. Considering these experimental results, it was recommended that the 14 pt or larger characters (100% readable size) should be used the important information such as toxicity, and the minimum character size was 7 pt (50% readable size) for other information.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.2499-2508
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• 2021

Passive containment cooling systems (PCCSs) have been actively studied to improve the inherent safety of nuclear power plants. Hered, we present two concepts, open-loop PCCS (OL-PCCS) and closed-loop PCCS (CL-PCCS), applicable to the PWR with a concrete-type containment. We analyzed the heat-removal performance and flow instability of these PCCS concepts using the GOTHIC code. In both cases, PCCS performance improved when a passive containment cooling heat exchanger (PCCX) was installed in the lower part of the containment building. The OL-PCCS was found to be superior in terms of heat-removal performance. However, in terms of flow instability, the OL-PCCS was more vulnerable than the CL-PCCS. In particular, the possibility of flow instability was higher when the PCCX was installed in the upper part of the containment. Therefore, the installation location of the OL-PCCS should be restricted to minimize flow instability. Conversely, a CL-PCCS can be installed without any positional restriction by adjusting the initial system pressure within the loop, which eliminates flow instability. These results could be used as base data for the thermo-hydraulic evaluation of PCCS in PWR with a large dry concrete-type containment.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2019

Pinson Hall is a dormitory building of Chosen Christian College, built in 1922, and it still remains comparatively well preserved as original form. This building is worthy in that it shows the living space of western style college in Korea, as well as characteristics of collegiate gothic style and building technology, designed by western architect in 1920s. At first, based on literate review and field survey, this study aims to trace the construction background and process of Pinson Hall, and find out its architectural characteristics with the original form when it is used as dormitory. Additionally, it deals with historic meaning and value of Pinson Hall as a modern western style college dormitory, through comparison with other dormitories in the same era. In conclusion, Pinson Hall is a Western style dormitory which allows students to accustom themselves to Western life style, using bed and desk, as well as it shows the new building technology in the early 1920s which has mixture of masonry and reinforced concrete structure.