• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions and "a good death" affect attitudes toward terminal care. Method : Participants included 109 ICU nurses from three university hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and collected data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, the $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression analysis (SPSS 24.0 program). Results : Perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions and a sense of closeness (a constituent for the awareness of "a good death") were positively correlated with terminal care attitudes. The factors affecting terminal care attitudes were a clinical career in ICU (${\beta}=.20$, p =.035), a sense of closeness(${\beta}=.19$, p =.041), and the perception of a life-sustaining treatment decision (${\beta}=.22$, p =.017). This finding indicates that more than 10 years of experience in ICU, a greater sense of closeness, and a higher view of life-sustaining treatment decisions results in more positive attitudes toward terminal care. The explanatory power of these variables on terminal care attitudes was 14% (F=6.84, p < .001, Adj $R^2=.140$). Conclusion : A sense of closeness and the perception of life-sustaining treatment decisions were identified as the factors affecting terminal care attitudes. Thus, various programs must be developed to raise awareness among ICU nurses of "a good death" and perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.227-237
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing students' knowledge and attitude toward advance directives and factors influencing the attitude. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used and 196 nursing students participated in the study. Data were collected from July 1 to August 30, 2018 using a structured questionnaire which included biomedical ethics, awareness of good death, knowledge and attitude toward advance directives. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The mean score of biomedical ethics, awareness of good death, knowledge and attitude toward advance directives were $2.88{\pm}0.59$, $3.18{\pm}0.48$, $7.68{\pm}31.32$, $31.00{\pm}3.09$. Factors influencing the attitude toward advance directives were awareness of good death (${\beta}=.28$, p<.001), intention of writing their advance directives (${\beta}=.19$, p=.006), the knowledge related to advance directives (${\beta}=.15$, p=.029). A total of 14% of attitude toward advance directives was explained by awareness of good death, the knowledge related to advance directives, and ntention of writing their advance directives. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that it is necessary to provide a systemic education program regarding advance directives for nursing students in order to provide knowledge related to advance directives and to help them establish positive attitudes toward advance directives.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.688-699
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• 1999

This study was to find out the perceptions of toward death and caring behavior of lay persons in one community : One Island in Puan County, Chonbuk. The methodology of this study was ethnography. For this study, the fieldwork was conducted from October 1997 to July 1998. Data collected by in-depth interview and participant observations. The participants consisted fo were 17 persons of both sexes. The key informants were four specific people. The result of this study is as follows ; The people perceived two different kinds of death. Normal death, which means death from old age. The person was respected as an ancestor God and was believed to exist forever with their offspring. Abnormal death was regarded as negative, many had fears toward this kind of death. The causes of abnormal death were supernatural phenomena and had absolute holy meanings. Whether death was good or bad, the death was not personal, but collective events as family or community affairs and was interpreted as death and birth for their offsprings. Funeral rites were family-centered and/or com munity-centered. They did normal procedures for normal deaths for abnormal deaths, there were many protective ceremonies(BuJungMagi : the prevention of the taboo of uncleanliness) for the remaining people. These ceremonies combined confucism and shamanism. Caring behavior for dying persons was ruled as community-centered, reciprocal and reality-centered principles.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2010

Purpose: The purposes of this study was to compare the meaning in life and death attitude between the participants and nonparticipants of the well-dying education program. Methods: This study adopted the descriptive comparative design. Data were collected by interviewing 85 participants and 94 non-participants of well-dying education. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire. Results: There were significant differences in age, gender, marital status, health status, and volunteer experience. The program participants showed higher scores in the death attitude than non-participants. There were significant correlations between meaning in life and death attitude in participant group. Death attitude was significantly associated with meaning in life in participant group with 6.0% variance. Conclusion: Based on the results, well-dying education program was effective to prepare good death with more comprehensive vision. Therefore, this program should be served for patient with life-threatening illness by nurse and this is the expended role of oncology and hospice palliative nurses.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.244-253
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• 2019

This study was a descriptive study to investigate the effects of healthcare workers' consciousness of biomedical ethics, recognition of good death, and self-esteem on attitude toward advance directive. Participants in this study were 292 healthcare workers in the three general hospitals located Y city. The data were collected from April 2 to April 23, 2019 and analyzed descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using the SPSS Win. 22.0 program. The result of the multiple regression indicates the intention to awareness regarding advance directives, intention to execute advance directives, time to complete advance directives and recognition of good death predict 23.5% (F=12.39, P=.000) of attitudes toward advance directives. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program to establish attitudes toward advance directives by providing education on recognition of good death of healthcare workers.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2018

Patients with advanced cancer cope with various issues, especially psychological symptoms, such as anxiety about death. Previous research from various countries indicates that most advanced cancer patients perceive distress before death, which means they cannot accept death peacefully. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with death acceptance of Thai patients with advanced cancer. The participants were 242 adult patients with advanced cancer from three tertiary hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand. The research instruments consisted of 7 questionnaires: a personal information questionnaire, the death anxiety questionnaire, Buddhist beliefs about death questionnaire, the unfinished task questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale, family relationship questionnaire, and death acceptance scale. These instruments were tested for their content validity by a panel of experts. All instruments except the first one were tested for reliability, and their Cronbach's alpha coefficient were .86, .72, .74, .74, .89, and .70, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, Point-biserial correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that a total of 42% of variance of death acceptance among Thai patients with advanced cancer was explained by death anxiety, Buddhist beliefs about death, and self-efficacy. Knowing these factors provides further information for nurses to help patients to cope with their death. From this crucial knowledge, nurses can develop interventions in decreasing or controlling anxiety about death, promoting Buddhist beliefs about death, and enhancing self-efficacy of advanced cancer patients. Therefore, a better quality of life and good death can be achieved.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and understand nurses' experiences of the death of patients in geriatric hospitals. Methods: Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological analysis was applied in the interpretation of experiential descriptions of seven nurses who had experienced the death of patients in a geriatric hospital. Results: The essential subjects derived from the experience of the nurses on the death of patients in a geriatric hospital are covered in the following 7 themes. 'Placed in death site', 'Difficult repetition of death and farewell', 'Emotional waves that rushes in after farewell', 'Dilemmas in a place with no preparation to greet expected death', 'Getting dull from continually being struck with sorrow', 'Being together with living death', and 'Showing courtesy for a good farewell and living well'. Conclusion: The results of this research will contribute to the development of policy on all the deaths of patients in geriatric hospitals and suggest basic data that need to be applied in real practice and directions to introduce plans for realistic improvements in nursing care of deathbed patients in geriatric hospitals.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this methodological study was to examine the validity and reliability of a translated Korean version of Templer's death anxiety scale among older adults. Methods: The translated Korean scale was administered to 203 older people who aged over 65 years. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to assess the factor structure of the scale. Internal consistency of the scale was determined using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Guttman's split-half coefficient. Results: Factor loadings of the scale ranged from .43 to .86. The scale showed good internal consistencies of both total scale (13 items, ${\alpha}=.83$) and three sub-scales: meaning of death (6 items, ${\alpha}=.77$), death-related event (5 items, ${\alpha}=.72$), and time of death (2 items, ${\alpha}=.80$). The concurrent validity compare with Fear of Death Scale was significant. The Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's split-half coefficient were .83 and .80, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean version of Templer's death anxiety scale had satisfactory validity and reliability to measure death anxiety among Korean older people.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.161-186
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• 2014

Recently, the social concerns on well dying come to the fore as important discourse on dignity of human death, which detonation by the problem of euthanasia. Well dying means 'good death' the meaning of a word, and it means 'prepared death', 'decented death' 'beautiful death' by extention of sematic context like this as a general rule. In this paper the writter have considered that how the view of Buddhism's death contribute to the discourse on well dying, which regarding death as the starting point, death conquest as the finishing point of the theory. The Buddhism's discourse on the attitude interpretation conquest process of death contributed to formation of abundant discourse on well dying, especially the view of Buddhism is able to contribute to conquest of death anxiety and death education, that death conquest interpret to spiritual psychological phenomenon not physical physiological eternal life (or immortality) and conquer death through enlightenment on reality of things by spiritual psychological change.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.759-767
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• 1996

This study was done to provide an understanding of nursing in relation to the existential philosophy of the West and Buddhistic philosophy, It examined how human beings and death are interpreted and understood in existential philosophy as well as in Buddhistic philosophy. Then the study suggested that nursing should focus on helping the sufferer to find meaning and a sense of responsibility in his or her existence. When people have the opportunity to realize certain important but painful truths about their existence, they develop internal strength and control of their lives. Just as people learn to face their being, so can they come to terms with their non-being. According to the causal process in Buddhism, Human Being is not always annihilation of self. Therefore, birth, aging, disease and death go through the process of natural change and it is the appearance of human existence which is inherent in the health of every human being. To promote our health we must gain an insight about this phenomenon. This study viewed nurses' clients as 〈good friend〉 rather than 〈patient〉 which focuses on a disease-oriented concept. The concept of 〈good friend〉 views nurses' clients as active participants to create their life and as responsible persons in a constantly changing life. The study also examined the concept of recovery which means to come back to the previous healthy state and it suggested that the concept of recovery should be changed to 〈good change〉, because in existential philosophy, human beings are viewed as never going back to the past but moving on to the future by creating their existence. This study also suggested that nursing should help 〈good friend〉enlighten their existence to be free from pain and death and to get control over their existence.