• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.316-326
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• 2021

PURPOSE. Purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the accuracy of different intraoral scans versus laboratory scans of impressions and casts for the digitization of an edentulous maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A PEEK model of an edentulous maxilla, featuring four hemispheres on the alveolar ridges in region 13, 17, 23 and 27, was industrially digitized to obtain a reference dataset (REF). Intraoral scans using Cerec Primescan AC (PRI) and Cerec AC Omnicam (OMN), as well as conventional impressions (scannable polyvinyl siloxane) were carried out (n = 25). Conventional impressions (E5I) and referring plaster casts were scanned with the inEOS X5 (E5M). All datasets were exported in STL and analyzed (Geomagic Qualify). Linear and angular differences were evaluated by virtually constructed measurement points in the centers of the hemispheres (P13, P17, P23, P27) and lines between the points (P17-P13, P17-P23, P17-P27). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test were performed to test for normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis-H test, and Mann-Whitney-U test to detect significant differences in trueness, followed by 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to detect significant differences in precision (P < .008). RESULTS. Group PRI showed the highest trueness in linear and angular parameters (P < .001), while group E5I showed the highest precision (P < .001). CONCLUSION. Intraoral scan data obtained using Primescan showed the highest trueness while the indirect digitization of impressions showed the highest precision. To enhance the workflow, indirect digitization of the impression itself appears to be a reasonable technique, as it combines fast access to the digital workflow with the possibility of functional impression of mucosal areas.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.399-423
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• 2017

When thinking about the essence of color, green is the image that is settled on the plant itself, and it is also the color shining by the sun. Physics tries to explain green of plants in the correlation of sun and moon, and the history of art contemplates how it is expressed on the canvas. The film attempts to represent a realistic green using camera or computer specific to the medium. Many color theorists who explore the essence of color do not trust the mechanical and reductive scientific colorism that began in Newton and seek a completely different way of exploring in psychology and aesthetics. Like Goethe, who opposed Newton, they do not distinguish the human as subject and the color as object, but focus on the internal grounds of the relationship between subject and color. The representation of color in film is a combination of physics and art. Film color can be expanded to the spiritual dimension beyond the previous emotional and aesthetic, even beyond the physical and mental domains.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.101-128
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• 2018

While there are various opinions about the relationship of Schiller's thought and Kant's, it is undeniable that Schiller owes much to Kant. What distinguished Schiller from other Weimar thinkers at his time, such as Goethe, Herder and Wieland, was that unlike them Schiller accepted Kant's project of critical philosophy. In fact, Schiller did not just accept it, but tried to interpret and formulate anew the relation of beauty and morality and some other aesthetical-ethical ideals on the basis of the new philosophy. Schiller's famous project of 'aesthetic education of mankind' itself is the product of such an endeavor. In this work we follow the history of Schiller's acceptance of Kant's critical philosophy and ruminate over its implications. And then, we'll show that Schiller's 'beautiful soul' in Grace and Dignity (1793), which is often suggested to be a proof of Schiller's conflict with Kant, was understood on the basis of Kant's moral theory. In this part of the work, we compare Schiller's ideal of the 'beautiful soul' and Shaftesbury's ethical thought, which is often presumed to be its background. From this comparison we'll be able to see that there is a considerable disparity, despite apparent similarities, between Schiller's and Shaftesbury's ethical ideals, which is due to their respective philosophical sources, that is neo-platonic metaphysics and Kant's critical philosophy.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.391-407
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• 2008

In order to observe from a cross-cultural point of view, the temperament and character of German and Korean adolescents were compared. The 715 German subjects aged 12-18(M=14.70, SD=1.80) and 1411 Korean subjects of the same age(M=15.18, SD=1.69) were assessed through JTCI 12-18 as to whether there exist differences in temperament and character between the two groups. According to the outcomes of the t-test, the German and Korean adolescents show significant differences in all 6 main scales of temperament and character, with only one exception in the character scale, that of 'self-transcendence.' If we analyze the effect size, because even small differences in great samples becomes statistically significant differences, the significant outcomes appeared only in two scales, one of temperament(Harm Avoidance) and the other of character(Self-Directedness): Korean subjects showed a higher tendency of Harm Avoidance related to inhibitions and anxiety and a lower tendency of Self-Directedness, meaning self-acceptance, purposefulness etc. Sex-differences according to the effect size showed only on the scale of Reward Dependence, which was the same in both samples. The outcomes are discussed according to the concepts of individualism and collectivism which are used to divide the Western and Asian cultures. It is also suggested to view these outcomes in the education-political and social bases of each country.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2024

Background: Lung inflammation occurs in many lung diseases, but has limited effective therapeutics. Ginseng and its derivatives have anti-inflammatory effects, but their unstable physicochemical and metabolic properties hinder their application in the treatment. Panaxadiol (PD) is a stable saponin among ginsenosides. Inhalation administration may solve these issues, and the specific mechanism of action needs to be studied. Methods: A mouse model of lung inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an in vitro macrophage inflammation model, and a coculture model of epithelial cells and macrophages were used to study the effects and mechanisms of inhalation delivery of PD. Pathology and molecular assessments were used to evaluate efficacy. Transcriptome sequencing was used to screen the mechanism and target. Finally, the efficacy and mechanism were verified in a human BALF cell model. Results: Inhaled PD reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice in a dose-dependent manner, including inflammatory cell infiltration, lung tissue pathology, and inflammatory factor expression. Meanwhile, the dose of inhalation was much lower than that of intragastric administration under the same therapeutic effect, which may be related to its higher bioavailability and superior pharmacokinetic parameters. Using transcriptome analysis and verification by a coculture model of macrophage and epithelial cells, we found that PD may act by inhibiting TNFA/TNFAR and IL7/IL7R signaling to reduce macrophage inflammatory factor-induced epithelial apoptosis and promote proliferation. Conclusion: PD inhalation alleviates lung inflammation and pathology by inhibiting TNFA/TNFAR and IL7/IL7R signaling between macrophages and epithelial cells. PD may be a novel drug for the clinical treatment of lung inflammation.