• Title/Summary/Keyword: Goal-Relevant Consumption

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A Study on the Factors Influencing Long-Term Goal-Relevant Food Consumption

  • Choi, Nak-Hwan;Yang, Pianpian;Liu, Cong
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - This research aims to explore factors that could facilitate and/or impede consumers' long-term goal-relevant food consumption, in the pursuit of a long-term goal. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The main experiment's sample comprised 289 female students at C University. The structural equation model of the Amos 18.0 program was used to verify the hypotheses. Results - Hypotheses concerning positive effects of long-term goal commitment and expectancy of long-term goal attainment, and negative effects of pleasure-seeking needs on long-term goal-relevant food consumption behaviors were accepted. Furthermore, self-efficacy's positive effects on long-term goal commitment and expectancy of long-term goal attainment, and negative effects on the strength of pleasure-seeking were explored. Appearance self-esteem negatively affected long-term goal commitment. Conclusions - Individuals' self-efficacy positively affects long-term goal commitment and expectancy of long-term goal attainment, and significantly weakens the need to seek pleasure in food consumption behaviors. Appearance self-esteem negatively affects long-term goal commitment. Both long-term goal commitment and expectancy of long-term goal attainment significantly positively influence long-term goal-relevant food consumption behaviors. However, those heavily needing pleasure-seeking are less likely to engage in such behaviors.

A Study on Analysis of Energy Consumption of a High School Facilities in Korea (전국 고등학교 시설의 에너지 사용실태 분석 연구)

  • Yoon, Jong-Ho;Shin, U-Cheul;Cho, Jin-Il;Kim, Hyo-Jung;Lee, Chul-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to present various analysis result of energy consumption that is a statistical analysis of high school facilities in Korea for setting the goal of energy saving. This study enforced analysis after it provided used energy consumption for the year 2008 and general in formation from 2202 high school facilities in 16 cities in South Korea by the relevant agency. Consequently, it represents that the average energy consumption of electric power was 428.7MWh(65.7%), gas consumption for heating was 129.5MWh(19.8%), oil consumption was 84.6MWh(13.0%), district energy was 10.0MWh(1.5%) in nation after changing as unit 'kWh' only for comparison with every energy source. This result describes that consumption of electric power was large greatly and it reflects the expectation that it will climb the demand regarding this energy in the future. In additionally, it analyzed average energy consumption with $98.3kWh/m^2$ by the unit area of air-conditioning and the district which has large energy consumption was Gyeonggi-do with $115.9kWh/m^2$. Furthermore, it described the average energy consumption of $60.8kWh/m^2$ by the unit area of floor area and the average energy consumption of a student analyzed with 1157.0kWh.

A Case Study of Characteristics of Energy Consumption of a High School Education Facilities (고등학교 시설의 에너지 소비량특성에 관한 사례분석)

  • Kim, Kang-Sik;Park, Jae-Wan;Yoon, Jong-Ho;Shin, U-Cheul
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2011
  • It has to take quantitative energy usage of high school education facilities in nations to set goals of their energy reduction. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to present various analysis result of energy consumption that is a statistic alanalysis of high school education facilities in Korea to set the goal of energy saving. This study has enforced analysis and has provided used energy for the year 2008 and general information from 2022 high school education facilities in 16 cities in South Korea by the relevant agency. Used energy sources in high school education facilities are electricity, gas for heating, oil, coal, water, and this study has changed the various used energy sources as unit 'kWh' only for comparison and analysis them.

Relevance of Purchasing Equipment of Overseas Direct Purchase in Korea

  • Dong-Bin JEONG
    • East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.11-25
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    • 2023
  • Purpose - The goal of this study is to grasp the current status of the latest overseas direct purchase trends and diversified consumption tendencies, and it can be used as basic quantitative data for selecting the overseas direct purchase market and establishing policies in the e-commerce industry. This study examines the relevance between purchasing equipment and four demographics. Traits of the underlying purchasing equipment are cell phones, tablet PCs and PCs & notebooks. Research design, data, and methodology -This survey was performed in 2021 on a total of 4,537 combined panel households covering 3,510 households and 191,027 additionally set in 2019 and approximately 10,800 household members. In particular, correspondence analysis is utilized to mine the relevance among the underlying variables. Result - It is proved that the underlying demographics except age are relevant to the purchasing equipment of online overseas shopping. Especially, cell phones are closely relevant '2 million-3 million won', jointly relevant to 'service and office work' and marginally to all other academic levels except graduate school or higher. Conclusion - Under intense competition, overseas direct purchase shopping malls should strive to provide not only price competitiveness but better service and customer value in order to continue to grow.

Shopping Value, Shopping Goal and WOM - Focused on Electronic-goods Buyers (쇼핑 가치 추구 성향에 따른 쇼핑 목표와 공유 의도 차이에 관한 연구 - 전자제품 구매고객을 중심으로)

  • Park, Kyoung-Won;Park, Ju-Young
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 2009
  • The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

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A Study on Effective Green Technology in Relation to the Energy Performance Improvement of Existing Architectural Structures (기존건축물 에너지성능 개선시 효과적인 녹색기술 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Won;Kim, Young-Il;Chung, Kwang-Seop
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.272-279
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    • 2012
  • The emission quota of 26.9% was allocated to the architectural sector according to the greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction goal of the government. It has become inevitable to change the architectural structures in a low-energy consumption and sustainable manner for new and existing house. The introduction of various legal systems and deregulation have been attempted to promote the low carbon emission and sustainable energy conversion. Although overall emission reduction goal has been set for 6.7 million units of existing houses, there has been a lack of standards and directions for the emission reduction measures. This study was intended to present the most economic and effective green technology improvement measures based on the investigation into the current conditions through direct visit to the selected architectural structures and the repeated simulation of relevant technical elements.

The Research on the Development Procedure and Current Problems of the Korean Abalone Industry (전복 양식업의 발전과정과 당면과제 연구)

  • Ock, Young-Soo
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.15-28
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    • 2013
  • Abalone aquaculture has developed very rapidly in Korea. Until the mid 1990s it has annually produced about 100 tons. Since then the yield has increased to about 9,000 tons in 2012. The amount accounts for 20% of the global abalone yield. About 86% of produced abalone is consumed domestically and the rest is exported. 100 tons for export seemed as an unattainable goal back in 2003. However, the export rose up to 1,333 tons in 2012. Despite its rapid growth, Korean abalone industry is faced with some problems. The first is the slowdown of yield increase rates. Abalone production increased by 50~60% until the mid 2000. However, the rate continued to drop to below 10%. Reasons behind the slow increase are deteriorating aquaculture grounds and worsening market problems. Constant aquaculture aggravated productivity and overcrowded facilities at a limited space made matters worse. Moreover, abalone export has stalled and so did domestic consumption. In the meantime, rising mortality of young abalone has lowered productivity at abalone breeding places. The mortality rates of abalone remained below 5% in the early 2000s but rose to 30~40% these days. This translates into rising abalone prices. The market problems imply stagnant or shrinking export as well as domestic consumption. The export increase rates took a nosedive from 200 to below 50 between the early 2000s and the late 2000s. Moreover, the increase rates of domestic consumption have become remarkably sluggish. According to, it stood at 50~60% in the mid 2000s but continued to decrease after 2008. These problems, in turn, affected the size of abalone. The usual abalone size for market was 10~12 shells per kg, but recently the size became smaller and smaller to 15~16 shells per kg. The change of size implies shift in consumption patterns: Consumers not only eat live abalone but also they cook soup with it. The size of abalone for uncooked dish is usually very big, like 10~12 shells per kg. In contrast, smaller abalone, such as 20~25 shells per kg, are used for making soup. Increasing use of smaller abalone leads to lower income of abalone aquaculture households. This is partly because that the size determines the price and the price gap between big abalones and smaller ones is extreme in Korea. For the sustainable growth of Korean abalone industry, we need to come up with strategies. First, a reasonable production system needs to be in place, especially for better management of abalone aquaculture grounds. Management of abalone licenses is also necessary because local governments issue relevant licenses as well as supervising abalone grounds. Second, abalone export destination need to be diversified. Japan, the major importer of Korean abalone, takes up a lion's share of export, at 95%. Third, new consumption style of abalone needs to be developed. Abalone used to be consumed as 'raw type' or Sashimi in Korea. This sole type of consumption hampers the growth of abalone market. Moreover, more strategies are needed to encourage and distribute home cooking of abalone rather than eating-out at restaurants. Last but not least, distribution system should be improved for better delivery of live abalone.

Research on sustainable development of international trade in Shandong Province under the background of the fourth industrial revolution

  • ZHANG, Fan
    • Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: After entering the 21st century, a new industrial revolution, i.e. industrial revolution 4.0, which is characterized by intelligence, automation and networking, has opened the curtain of the "industry 4.0" era. In recent years, "low-carbon economy" has been a development goal that has been paid close attention to and adhered to at home and abroad. As a major economic province, Shandong Province has not only brought about rapid economic growth, but also caused rapid environmental deterioration due to its high energy consumption, high dependence and high environmental pollution. In this environment, low-carbon economy has become an inevitable trend in the development of foreign trade in Shandong Province. Based on the current situation of foreign trade in Shandong Province and various existing problems, this paper explores the relationship between low-carbon economy and foreign trade in Shandong Province under this strategic background. Research design, data and methodology: By selecting the data from 2008 to 2017, using the carbon emission coefficient method to measure the CO2 emissions in the past decade, analyzing the impact of ecological factors on trade, selecting the most representative GDP and total imports for regression analysis, it is proved that they have a real impact on CO2 emissions. The total GDP is positively correlated with carbon emissions, while the total import is negatively correlated with carbon emissions. Results:This paper discusses the impact of low-carbon economy on foreign trade of Shandong Province from the perspective of foreign trade. Especially in today's "low-carbon economy" background. Conclusions:it is helpful for relevant departments to formulate relevant policies and promote the sustainable development of foreign trade in Shandong Province.

Current status and development direction of the food nutrition safety policy: The first phase of sugar intake reduction plan (식품영양안전 정책 현황 및 발전방향: 1차 당류 저감 종합계획을 중심으로)

  • Jung, Jin-Yee;Park, Sun-Young;Lee, Soon-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.35-46
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The purposes of this study are to refer existing and past domestic and foreign policies and to establish a comprehensive plan to reduce sugar consumption and utilize it as fundamental data to establish and implement relevant policies. Methods: Korean government analyzed domestic and foreign policies and average sugar intake to develop draft of sugar intake reduction plan. Based on the plan, objectives, sections and agendas of the plan were set after taking into account of their feasibility. Results: The policy has three directions: to help sugar intake reduction in all population groups, to create an environment which helps people to make informed decision on lower sugar choices and to lay scientific and statistical foundation for sugar intake reduction plan. The goal is to restrict average sugar intake from processed food to less than 10% of total energy intake per day. Three core strategies are to help reduce intakes of sugar in all population groups, to create an environment which helps people to make informed decision on lower sugar choices and to lay a foundation for sugar intake reduction plan. Each strategies has 2~4 projects. Conclusions: This study is expected to serve as a catalyst for carrying out the first phase of sugar intake reduction plan to help reduce sugar consumption.

Effects of Self- and Social-Reference Point Diagnosticity Interfaces on Unbalanced Information Consumption in the Mobile News Context (자기 준거 진단 인터페이스와 사회적 준거 진단 인터페이스가 정보 편식에 미치는 영향: 모바일 뉴스를 중심으로)

  • Kang, HyeBin;Lee, Seongwon;Suh, Kil-Soo
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.219-238
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    • 2015
  • As Internet and IT have been developed, people have been exposed to large amounts of information. So, many online information providers recommend relevant information to users to relieve an information overload. However, information recommendation which is based on the taste and preference of a user can lead to a problem of unbalanced information consumption. Prior research about online information has not investigated the side-effect of a recommendation function. This research suggests IT solutions for alleviating unbalanced information consumption behavior. Based on adaptation level theory and expectancy theory, we proposed self-reference point diagnosticity interface and social-reference point diagnosticity interface to help people to consume information following their own information consuming goal. We hypothesized positive impacts of these two interfaces on the self-awareness about information consuming pattern. And we predicted that self-awareness has a positive impact on the motivation and actual behavior to conform the ideal information consuming pattern which the user sets. Laboratory experiment was executed as a research method. As a result, the self-reference diagnosticity interface leaded to higher self-awareness and mitigated the unbalanced information consumption. But, the social-reference diagnosticity interface and the motivation to improve the information consuming behavior had no significant results. Academic and practical implications are discussed.