• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2020

Background: Unstable surface-based core training can significantly enhance core strength, but no studies have compared the effects of balance pad- and sling-assisted exercises. Objects: To study the effects of unstable surface-based balance pad- and sling-assisted core strength exercises on muscle activity. Methods: Twenty male students aged 20-25 years participated in this study. The effects of three types of core strength exercises, performed with a sling or balance pad, on the activities of three muscles, i.e., the right musculus obliquus externus abdominis (EO), right erector spinae (ES), and right gluteus maximus (GM), were examined. Results: 1) In the glute bridge exercise, the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction of the EO, ES, and GM were significantly different between the balance pad- and sling-assisted exercises. The relative contribution of the ES and GM activities to all muscle activity were not significantly different between the two training types, whereas that for EO showed a significant difference. 2) There was no significant difference in the percentage value of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) among the EO, ES, and GM during the "leg-lifting with flat support" exercise, and there were no significant difference in the relative contributions between the two training types. 3) In the "side bridge leg separation exercise", the %MVC of the ES, EO, and GM were significantly different between the two training types. Conclusion: Sling training for core muscles was generally better than balance pad assist training. The majority of physiotherapy patients require core training. Our results could guide physiotherapists in the choice of targeted exercises for these patients.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

To assess the risk of genetically modified (GM) rice on the agricultural ecosystem, agronomic characteristics, pollen longevity and outcrossing rate between GM (Iksan 483 and Milyang 204) and non-GM (their wild types and female parents) varieties were investigated using the bar gene as a tracer marker in paddy field. The agronomic characteristics of two GM rice were similar to their female-parents (non-GM rice) except heading date and 1,000 grain weight of Iksan 483, and they did not show a difference by the introgression of the bar gene as the genetic traits of rice varieties. Pollen viability was more than 90% just after shedding, and it was rapidly decreased below 50% at 5 minutes after shedding both GM and non-GM varieties. The Pollen longevity was lost after 30 minutes of anthesis. When the distance of gene flow from GM to non-GM rice detected to 6 m from the edge of GM rice plant, the maximum distance of pollen dispersal was 4.5m and 3.9m in Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, respectively, and that was increased in order of west, south, east, and north to the dominant wind direction, west-south. Mean outcrossing rate was very low as 0.003 and 0.001% within 1.5 m from the edge of Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, and the GM hybrids by the pollen dispersal did not detected over 4.5 m from the edge of GM rice plant. The results may help to establish the strategy which reduce the risk of pollen-mediated gene flow between GM and non-GM rice.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 1976

1) A선형은 배수량이 2,400톤인 경우 KG의 값이 3.40m, 3.70m때 안정상태를 나타내었으며 배수량이 1,600톤 1,900톤 2,200톤일 경우는 KG의 값이 3.40m때 어느정도 안정범위에 있음이 판정되었다. 2) B선형은 배수량이 2,400톤일 경우 KG의 값이 3.40m때 만이 어느정도 안정범위에 있으나 배수량이 1,30 $0\~2,200$톤일 경우 KG값이 $3.40\~4.60m$때는 모두 위험범위에 있음이 판정되었다. 3. A선형은 GM의 값이 2.14m이고 $GZ_max$ 1.395m때 안정범위에 있고 B선형은 GM의 값이 2.14m이고 $GZ_max$ 1,890m때 어느 정도 안정범위에 있음이 판정되었다. 끝으로 본연구를 하는데 지도하여 주신 부산공대 김진안 교수님과 자료를 제공해 주신 대양조선주식회사 정부장씨께 감사드리며, 계산과정에서 협조해준 양주호군에게 사의를 표한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

There are many typesof accelerometer sensor. There was mainly used high-g accelerometer to obtain data for vehicle in crash test. Accelerometer was mounted on test vehicle with mounting blocks. Test result can be influenced by condition of mounting i.e. bonding material and type of block. These influences can be evaluated to variation of sensitivity in calibration test. In this paper, Calibration test were carried out for 3 types of bonding material i.e. stud, beewax and double side tape. Other factor was taken into consideration by 3-types for mounting block. All test was conducted by sinusoidal signal vibrator up to 4500Hz. In order to investigate influence for sensitivity from different input voltage in the calibrator, the same test was repeated. Test results were compared with standard accelerometer data. Relative sensitivities and phases were showed small difference in sensitivity for bonding materials with one block, but significant one for another block and different input voltage below 1000Hz.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2009

상처치유는 growth factor와 cytokine들의 복합적인 작용에 의해 일어나는 과정이다. GM-CSF는 호중구와 대식세포를 분화시키고 각질세포를 증식시키는 다면발현성 사이토카인으로 여러 세포에서 재조합되어 사용되고 있다. (주)핸슨바이오텍에서 개발한 rice cell 유래의 재조합 rrhGM-CSF는 다른 세포에서 유래된 GM-CSF들보다 탄수화물 측쇄가 많은 것이 특징이다. rrhGM-CSF의 창상치유효과를 알아보기 위하여 햄스터에 만성 당뇨를 유도하여 상처치유가 어려운 동물모델을 만든 후, 등쪽에 인위적으로 피부 전 층을 제거하여 창상을 유발하였다. 실험군에는 rrhGM-CSF가 포함된 연고를 적용하고, 대조군에는 base cream만을 적용하여 재상피화되는 과정과 피부조직의 구조 및 PCNA 반응을 통한 세포증식 정도를 비교하였다. 육안 및 조직학적 관찰 결과, rrhGM-CSF를 적용한 그룹의 재상피화 속도가 더 빨랐으며, PCNA 면역조직화학적 조사에서도 증식하는 각질세포의 수가 대조군보다 상대적으로 많은 것으로 나타남으로써, rrhGM-CSF에 의한 피부상처 치유 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어 보아 벼세포 유래의 rrhGM-CSF는 국소적인 피부 창상 치유에 효과적인 것으로 보이며, rrhGM-CSF의 풍부한 당화 사슬은 이 단백질이 상처부위에 안정된 상태로 기능을 나타냄으로써 효과를 오랫동안 지속시킬 수 있었던 것으로 사료된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2023

본 연구는 모형선박의 횡방향 무게분포를 변화시키면서 횡요주기 및 관성모멘트에 의한 GM을 추정하고 경사시험으로 계측되는 GM 값과 비교한다. 그 과정에서 각 수치를 분석하여 관계성을 파악한다. 실험 및 비교에 사용된 선박의 종류는 3종류로 7톤급, 20톤급 어선과 KVLCC의 모형선을 사용하였다. 실험은 스윙프레임 테스트와 자유 횡요 감쇠테스트를 수행하여 관성모멘트와 횡요주기를 계측하고, 경사시험으로 GM을 계측하였다. 관성모멘트와 횡요주기로 추정된 GM과 경사시험으로 구해진 GM은 선박의 무게 분포 변화에도 동일한 경향을 보였지만, 경사시험에서 구해진 GM이 더 작은 값을 보였다. 따라서 GM 추정 시에 관성모멘트나 횡요주기 외에도 추가적인 보정 계수나 파라미터가 필요하다고 판단된다. 추후 무게중심을 변화시켜 추정 GM과의 관계를 분석하여 보정 계수를 산출할 계획이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 1998

In order to produce xylitol from hemicellulose hydrolysate which is widely used as a substrate, the development of strain such as catabolite derepressed mutant is required. After treatment of Candida sp. with EMS, GM-17 and PM-34 as catabolite derepressed mutant were isolated from Candida guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis, respectively. Mutant GM-17 and PM-34 simultaneously assimilated xylose and glucose during the fermentation. The specific xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities of mutant strains were also higher than those of wild strains in glucose medium and mixed medium of glucose and xylose. The xylitol productivity and yield of mutant GM-17 and PM-34 were improved as compared to the wild types in the mixed medium. The xylitol productivity and yield of mutant GM-17 were 0.09 g/L·hr and 0.56 g-xylitol/g-xylose, and those of mutant PM-34 were 0.21 g/L·hr and 0.52 g-xylitol/g-xylose in the mixed medium, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.70-84
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• 2022

Purpose: Skeletal muscles display significant heterogeneity in metabolic responses, owing to the composition of metabolically distinct fiber types. Recently, numerous studies have reported that in skeletal muscles, suppression of genes related to fatty acid channeling alters the triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and switches the energy substrates. However, such responses may differ, depending on the type of muscle fiber. Hence, we conducted in vitro and animal studies to compare the metabolic responses of different types of skeletal muscle fibers to the deficiency of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl)6, one of the main fatty acid-activating enzymes. Methods: Differentiated skeletal myotubes were transfected with selected Acsl6 short interfering RNA (siRNA), and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to siRNA to induce Acsl6 deficiency. TAG accumulation and expression levels of insulin signaling proteins in response to acute glucose supplementation were measured in immortalized cell-based skeletal myotubes, oxidative muscles (OM), and glycolytic muscles (GM) derived from the animals. Results: Under conditions of high glucose supplementation, suppression of the Acsl6 gene resulted in decreased TAG and glycogen synthesis in the C2C12 skeletal myotubes. The expression of Glut4, a glucose transporter, was similarly downregulated. In the animal study, the level of TAG accumulation in OM was higher than levels determined in GM. However, a similar decrease in TAG accumulation was obtained in the two muscle types in response to Acsl6 suppression. Moreover, Acsl6 suppression enhanced the phosphorylation of insulin signaling proteins (Foxo-1, mTORc-1) only in GM, while no such changes were observed in OM. In addition, the induction ratio of phosphorylated proteins in response to glucose or Acsl6 suppression was significantly higher in GM than in OM. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that Acsl6 differentially regulates the energy metabolism of skeletal muscles in response to glucose supplementation, thereby indicating that the fiber type or fiber composition of mixed muscles may skew the results of metabolic studies.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.319-331
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to help examining force system, optimal treatment, and prevention of relapse. Orthodontic force was generated by electromagnets, therefore duration could be freely controlled, and applied for 4 days in dogs. Force magnitude was 200gm and 50gm. duration was contious and intermittent. Intermittent duration was divided into 2 kinds of types in on/off, 1 mininute/1 minute, 10 seconds/1 minute. The results were as follows: 1. In the intermittent group to which force was applied for 10 seconds and ceased for 1 minute, osteoclast was not observed. 2. In the intermittent group to which 200gm of force was applied for 1 minute and ceased for 1 minute, there was blood circulation in periodontal space on pressure side, but mild hyalinized zone was observed. 3. More number of total osteoclast was counted in the pressure side of continous group to which 200gm of force was applied than in any other groups. 4. More number of frontal osteoclast was counted in the pressure side of intermittent group to which 200gm was applied for 1 minute and ceased for 1 minute than in any other groups. 5. On tension side, less periodontal space widening, more new bone and secondary cementum formation were observed in the intermittent group to which force was applied for 1 minute and ceased for 1 minute than in the continous group.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 GM과 non-GM작물 특히 최근 들어 그 인증량이 급격하게 증가하고 있는 친환경작물과의 공존에 관하여 검토하여 보았다. 국내의 현행 법령에 의하면, 친환경 농산물은 GM농산물의 혼입허용치를 3%로 규정하고 있다. 특히 우수농산물의 경우 단계별 조사내용을 보면 "파종단계에서 GM종자를 포함하지 않을 것"을 명시하고 있다. 반면에 우리나라에서는 아직까지는 GM 작물의 상업적인 재배를 승인하지 않고 있다. 그러나 현재 GM 벼, 배추, 감자, 들잔디 등의 환경위해성평가가 수행 중에 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 농촌진흥청은 "유전자변형생물체의 국가 간 이동 등에 관한 법률"이 정하는 바에 따라 GM작물의 환경위해성 평가를 전담할 수 있도록 농촌진흥청산하 소속기관 및 대학교, 출연기관 등 11개 기관을 평가기관으로 지정하여 조만간 상업적인 GM작물의 재배를 승인하기 위한 준비를 하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 국내의 친환경농산물의 인증기관은 2008년 8월 현재 34개 민간기관으로 증가하였으며 이들 인증기관에서 부여한 친환경 인증 농산물의 재배면적 및 생산량은 해마다 기하급수적으로 늘어나고 있다. 예로서 친환경곡류의 경우 1999년도에 비하여 2007년도에는 그 인증량이 100배 (유기농)에서 2,324배 (저농약)까지 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 이들은 2007년도의 전체 곡류생산량에 비하여 약 6.4%를 차지하였다. 특히 감자와 고구마 등 서류의 경우는 전체 생산량의 약 24%가 친환경인증농산물인 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 현실에서 GM작물의 상업적인 재배를 승인할 경우 기존의 국내 친환경농산물시장의 유통질서에 큰 혼란을 야기시킬 수 도 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 저자는 아직 시간적인 여유가 있을 때에 EU에서 제기한 GM과 non-GM 특히 유기 농작물과의 공존을 위한 제도 보완에 관한 제안서와 다양한 연구보고서들을 면밀하게 검토할 필요성이 있다고 사료된다. 특히 작물별로 친환경작물과의 구분 생산 유통을 위한 최소격리거리, 작부체계, 수확 및 포장시스템, 그리고 GM작물의 검출기법 표준화 등에 관한 상세한 실시요령을 보완할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.