• 대한약리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-29
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• 1967

Many investigators reported the mineral corticoid hormon-like action of Glycyrrhizin. The other investigators suggested concerning the glucocorticoid hormon-like action. Authors had been observed the glycogen content of the liver to make sure the relationship between glucocorticoid like action of Glycyrrhizin and glucose metabolism in the liver. There was significant increase in the liver glycogen content in rat fed Glycyrrhizin for two weeks, however it was confirmed that Glucuronic acid combined with Glucuronic was unable to make any influence to glycogen content. The relation concerning the effect of Glycyrrhizin on liver glycogen and its mechanism of action might be needed followup study.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.125-125
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• 1998

Glycyrrhizin (18$\beta$-glycyrrhetic acid $\beta$-D-glucuronyl a-D-glucuronic acid, GL), a main component of liquore extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra), is ingested orally as a component in the oriental medicine. By human intestinal bacteria, glycyrrhizin (18$\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid $\beta$-D-glucuronyl a-D-glucuronic acid, GL) was metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA): main pathway metabolizing GL to GA by glucuronidases of Bacteroides J-37 (Kim et al., 1997) and Eubacterium sp strain GLH (Akao et al., 1987) and minor pathway metabolizing GL to GA via 18$\beta$-glycyrrhetic acid D-glucuronic acid (GAMG) by $\beta$-glucuronidase of Streptococcus LJ-22 and glucuronidases of Bacteroides J-37 / E. coli. $\beta$-Glucuronidase from Streptococcus LJ-22 hydrolyzed GL to GAMG, not GA. $\beta$-Glucuronidase of Streptococcus LJ-22 hydrolyzed $\beta$-glucuronic acid conjugates of polysaccharides rather than aglycone-$\beta$-glucuronides Optimal pH of Streptococcus LJ-22 $\beta$-glucuronidase was 5-6 and its molecular weight was 250 kDaltons. Km for GL was 0.37mM.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.320-324
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• 1995

Pretreatment of Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR) to male Sprague-Dawley rats was demonstrated to increase excretion of acetaminophen-glucuronide ocnjugate when bile nad urine were assayed after administration of acetaminophen. In order to study the effect of GR on the glucuronidation in rats, we examined enzymatic activities of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases (UDP-GT1 and UDP-GT2) and intracellular concentrations of hepatic UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GA), upon the administration of GR (1 g/kg body weight, p.o.) or glycyrrhizin (23 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) a major component of GR, for 6 days. GR and glycyrrhizin caused increases in specific activities of UDP-GT2 111% and 96% respectively. Specific activity of UDP-GT1 was increased 25% by GR treatment whereas it was not significantly increased by glycyrrhizin. Concentrations of UDP-GA were increased 257% by GR and 484% by glycyrrhizin. These data indicate that GR activated glucuronidation and thus suggest the possibility that GR may influence detoxification of xenobiotics in rat liver.

• 약학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

Glycyrrhizin (GA) content in licorice was determined by a couple of methods using HPLC, respectively. In Method(I), GA content itself was determined from the licorice aqueous extract, while in Method (II) glycyrrhetinic acid (GHeA ; the aglicone of GA) content corresponding to the quantity of GA was measured from the chloroform extract of the hydrolyzed product of licorice aqueous extract. A reverse phase column Hibar Lichrosorb RP-18 (E. Merck) was used as the stationary phase. As the mobile phase MeOH: $H_{2}O$(0.05M-$NaH_{2}PO_{4}$)=58 : 42 solution in Method (I), and MeOH: $H_{2}O $: AcOH=78; 19: 3 solution in Method (II) were suitable, respectively. The value obtained by Method (II) appeared slightly higher than that by Method (I). The effect of some other herbal drugs on the assay of GA quantity in mixed sample was also observed in both above two methods. By Method (I) Cassiae Cortex, Rehmaniae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, and Angelicae Radix gave the subtractive effect on the amount of GA compared with the value from licorice alone. In the case of Method (II) Cassiae Cortex and Rehmaniae Rhizoma appeared to have subtractive effect but Paeoniae Radix and Angelicae Radix scarcely showed any influence. Pachymae Fungus did not affect the GA content at all. It seems that glycyrrhizin in licorice interacts with certain components of other herbal drugs.

• 생약학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 1986

The investigation aimed to study the effects of methanol fraction of licorice (FM 100) and glycyrrhizin on prostaglandin synthetase activity, in relation to their analgesic effects. Effects of FM 100 and glycyrrhizin on the activity of prostaglandin synthetase extracted from bull seminal vesicles were examined by the modified method of Takeguchi et al. The analgesic effect of FM 100 was tested in mice by the acetic acid writhing method. FM 100 was administered orally to mice. BSV prostaglandin synthetase activity was inhibited significantly by FM 100 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the activity was slightly inhibited by glycyrrhizin. Statistically significant analgesic effects were also observed with FM 100. The results suggest that analgesic effect of licorice may be due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 1997

한국에서 전통적으로 사용되고 있는 생약제제 중 베르베린, 계피산 및 글리시리진의 정량을 위한 간단하고, 정확하고, 재현성 있는 모세관 전기이동법을 개발하였다. 이 성분들의 분리는 25$^{\circ}C$, 20 mM 인산완충액(pH 7.5)에서 실리카 캐필러리($57 cm{\times}75 {\mu}m$ i.d.)를 사용하여 수행하였다. 350 V/cm의 전기장으로 베르베린, 계피산 및 글리시리진의 동시 정량을 13분내에 할 수 있었다. 검정곡선은 베르베린에 대해서는 1~100 ${\mu}g/mL$, 계피산은 0.3~100 ${\mu}g/mL$, 글리시리진은 2.5~100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도 범위 안에서 좋은 직선성을 보여 주었다. 이 성분들에 대한 상대 표준편차(n=5)의 범위는 0.96∼2.35%이었다. 베르베린, 계피산 및 글리시리진에 대한 검출한계(S/N=3)는 각각 0.5, 0.1 및 2.0 ${\mu}g/mL$이었다. 이론단수는 181,000(베르베린), 88,000(계피산) 및 169,000(글리시리진)이었다. HPLC에서는 3,100~4,800이었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2004

Glycyrrhizin (18$\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1$\rightarrow2)-\beta$-D-glucuronide, GL) was transformed to 18$\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide (GAMG) by Streptococcus LJ-22. The antiallergic activities of GL and GAMG was measured using a RBL cell assay system and contact hypersensitivity model mice. GAMG exhibited anti-allergic activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.28 mM. GAMG, which is sweeter than GL, and 18$\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid, which is a GAMG metabolite by human intestinal bacteria, also inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and skin contact inflammation. In conclusion, GAMG may be useful as a new sweet food additive and an anti-allergic agent.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2013

Insampaedoksan (IS) is the decoction of medicinal herbs, which was commonly used for anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic in the Korean traditional medicine (KTM). Several studies on improving efficiency or searching new efficiency by fermenting traditional herbal medicines are recently in progress. The bioconversion has been conducted on IS using various bacteria. Liquiritin, ferulic acid, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, and glycyrrhizin in IS before and after fermented IS were simultaneously analyzed. These compounds were qualitatively analyzed and quantitatively analyzed using the HPLC-DAD system. The identifications of liquiritin, ferulic acid, hesperidin, liquiritigenin and glycyrrhizin were achieved by comparing the HPLC retention time ($R_t$) and the UV absorption of five pure compounds in the IS. As a result, the increased constituents were identified to be liquiritin, liquiritigenin and glycyrrhizin, while the decreased constituent was ferulic acid and the constituent of hesperidin was similar to before and after fermentation. Insampeadock-san fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum KFRI 144 exhibited the most remarkable changes in all of fermentation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 1993

The studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Sinhyo-Taklee-San(STS), which is composed of Astragali Radix(AR), Lonicerae Flos(LF), Angelicae gigantis Radix(AGR) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR), on the proliferation of fibroblast cell(Balb/c 3T3). STS, GR and glycyrrhizin increased the proliferation of 3T3 cells. The 10% serum obtained from STS, AR, LF, AGR and GR treated mice also increased the proliferation of 3T3 cells markedly. GR, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited protein synthesis, but did not affect on DNA synthesis.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to find out the safe dose and clinical use for administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Shanghanlun(傷寒論). Methods : Web-databases(OASIS, NDSL, Pubmed, Google) were searched with keywords including 'Licorice', 'Pseudoaldosteronism', 'Glycyrrhizin', 'Testosterone' on 14/10/2016. The searched about 40 papers and books were reveiwed. Results : Glycyrrhizin(GL) and 3-monoglucuronyl glycyrrhetinic acid(3MGA) in Glycyrrhizae Radix are found to be the main compounds vulnerable for inducing pseudoaldosteronism. The dose range of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Shanghanlun prescriptions is from 0.25 g to 12 g as a daily administration, and this dose satisfies the guidelines of WHO, European Union, ABC etc. And risk factors contributing for personal sensitivities are old age(>60), female sex, liver dysfunction, hypokalemia, prolonged gastrointestinal transit time, anorexia nervosa, decreased 11-${\ss}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 activity and hypertension. Conclusions : As a result, dose of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Shanghanlun(傷寒論) is safe. However, the personal sensitivity and unexpected drug interactions are independent from doses of GL, so doctors should monitor those risk factors and symptoms of pseudoaldosteronism when administering Glycyrrhizae Radix.