• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 1993

The studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Sinhyo-Taklee-San(STS), which is composed of Astragali Radix(AR), Lonicerae Flos(LF), Angelicae gigantis Radix(AGR) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR), on the proliferation of fibroblast cell(Balb/c 3T3). STS, GR and glycyrrhizin increased the proliferation of 3T3 cells. The 10% serum obtained from STS, AR, LF, AGR and GR treated mice also increased the proliferation of 3T3 cells markedly. GR, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited protein synthesis, but did not affect on DNA synthesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 1993

The effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) on the metabolism of acetaminophen (AA) were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The methanol extract of GR (500 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats for 6 days. AA and its metabolites excreted in bile, urine and blood within 120 min after dosing of AA (150 mg/kg, i.v.) were assayed by HPLC. Treatment of rats with the methanol extract of GR significantly increased the cumulative biliary excretion of AA-glucuronide (156% of the control) and decreased that of AA-sulfate (63% of the control). The cumulative urinary excretion of AA-glucuronide was also significantly increased to 132% of the control. GR treatment significantly increased total (biliary plus urinary) excretion of AA-glucuronide (172% of the control) without influencing thioether and sulfate conjugates of AA. The results clearly show that GR enhances UDP-glucuronosyl transferase-mediated detoxication of AA, but may not influence sulfotrans-ferase-mediated and cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolites formation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 1996

Licorice has been widely used in combination with other herbs or synthetic drugs for various disorders. In an effort to study the effect of licorice roots (Glycyrrhizae Radix, GR) and glycyrrhizin on the hepatic glucuronidation, we have previously found that the pretreatment of GR or glycyrrhizin for 6 days resulted in a marked increase in the enzymatic activity of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-inducible hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozyme that has high affinity toward phenolic substrates (p-nitrophenol form, UGTIA) in Sprague-Dawley rats. As an approach to elucidate the mechanism for the enzyme activation by licorice in rat liver, we examined the levels of hepatocellular mRNAs for UGTIA upon the treatment of GR or glycyrrhizin. The hepatic mRNAs were extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats and Wistar rats after the treatment of the methanol extract of GR (1 g/kg, p.o.), glycyrrhizin (23 mg/kg, p.o.) for 6 days, or 3-MC (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days. Using the UGT1A1 CDNA as a probe, we found that the mRNAs for the enzyme were induced by 3-MC treatment while those were influenced neither by GR nor by glycyrrhizin in both strains of rats. These results indicate that the activation of rat liver UGTI A by licorice and glycyrrhizin was not due to the induction of mRNAs for the enzyme.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.979-985
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• 2007

Induction of growth hormone (GH) by Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR), one of the most popular herbal medicine, and its major ingredients were studied in rat pituitary cells in vitro and in vivo assay. The MeOH extract and the n-hexane (HX) fraction of GR induced rat GH (rGH) release up to 1.89 times ($0.34{\pm}0.04 nM$) and 4.59 times ($0.83{\pm}0.03 nM$), compared to the basal level (p < 0.05). Among many ingredients isolated and purified from GR both glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin induced significantly rGH release compared to the control (p < 0.05). After an intravenous injection of rat growth hormone releasing hormone (rGHRH) ($10{\mu}g$/kg) as positive control, in SD rats, $T_{max}$ of plasma rGH level was 10 min, $C_{max}$ was $3.84{\pm}0.01 nM$ (n = 3), and enhanced plasma rGH level returned to the baseline in 90 min. Both $AUC_{0-90}$ (area under the curve) of plasma rGH level after HX fraction and that after rGHRH administration were increased significantly from the basal level, respectively (p < 0.01). In conclusions, HX fraction is the most active fraction of MeOH extract of GR in rGH induction.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.274.2-275
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• 2003

The aim of this study was designed to determine the induction of rat growth hormone(rGH) by extracts of a popular herb, Glycyrrhizae radix(GR), roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra $\sub$Linne/, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis $\sub$Fischer/. In vitro study was carried out using primary rat pituitary cell culture for 3 days and then was treated with methanol extract corresponding to 1 mg of dried weight of herb per 1 $m\ell$ of culture solution. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2000

GRF (Korean Red Ginseng mixed formula) consists of six herbs such as Ginseng Radix rubra Koreana, Lycii Fructus, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix and Hoveniae Fructus. For the evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of GRF, the study was performed on protective effect against hepatic damage induced by galactosamine in vitro and ccl4 in vivo and also elucidate antioxidant activity. In vitro assay with 1.1 mM galactosamine, protection (%) was 44% (GR), and 58% (GRF-A) at 50 ug/ml. GRF effectively protected fatty degenertion and necrosis in murine hepatic damage induced by ccl4. For the -antioxidant study, GRF inhibited hemolysis of erythrocyte and decolored DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) free radical in a dose dependent manner more effetively than GR alone in vitro. GRF and GR significantly suppressed the time course $(1\;hr{\sim}6\;hr)-level$ of MDA (malondialdehyde) following AAPH (2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidino -propane) dihydrochloride) treatment in vivo as compared with control data. From the results it can be concluded GR and GRF exerted the hepatoprotective effect by dint of antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.202-205
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• 2000

KJHST (Kejihongsarntang) is a modified oriental prescription that consists of five herbs such as Ginseng Radix rubra Koreana, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhiaoma, Cinnamomi Ramulus and Glycyrrhizae Radix. For the evaluation of antioxidant and staminal activities of KJHST (Kejihongsarntang), the study was done in comparison of Ginseng Radix rubra (GR). For the antioxidant study, KJHST inhibited hemolysis of erythrocyte and decolored the DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical in a dose depenrlent manner more effectively than GR alone in vitro. KJHST and GR significantly suppressed the time course (1 hr∼6 hr)-level of MDA (malondialdehyde) following AAPH (2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride) treatment in vivo as compared with control data with no statistical difference. From the evaluation of stamina by swimming test GR and KJHST significantly increased the swimming time in a time and dose dependent manner as compared with control data, while GR was more effective than KJHST in 2 weeks after treatment, though KJHST was more effective than GR at low dose (25 m/kg) 4 weeks after treatment. From the results it can be concluded GR and KJHST had antioxidant and staminal activities.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2003

This study aimed to investigate the effects of each constituent-herb of Sagoonja- Tang on the plasma corticosterone level in mice exposed to cold stress. Sagoonja-Tang is composed of Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Radix, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Each constisuent-herb(0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg) was administered intragastrically to mice 1hr prior to expose to forced cold water swimming($4{\circ}C$, 3min) before measuring the change of plasma corticosterone level of mice. The results were as follows: 1. At 30 minutes after the cold stress for 3 minutes the most significant increase of corticosterone level was shown. 2. Ginseng group(PGR group) didn't show any significant changes. 3. Atractylodis group(AR group) showed significant decrease at 0.5g/kg dose (P<0.01). But it didn't show significant changes at 1.0g／kg dose. 4. Poria group(P group) didn't show significant changes. But it showed slightly increase at 1.0g/kg dose. 5. Glycyrrhizae group(GR group) didn't show significant changes. These data revealed that Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma might have the anti-stress effect through the control of plasma corticosterone level and the dose of herbs had a different effect on the plasma corticosterone level in mice exposed to cold stress.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.209-219
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• 2005

In this study, we carried out the preparing standardization and regulation of processed Glycyrrhizae Radix (PGR) which have been widely used in oriental medicines. Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR) have been generally prepared by the stir-frying, or mix-frying with honey for the purpose of decreasing sweetness and augmenting vitality. Firstly, we tried to standardize PGR prepared by the stir-frying. We purchased 14 kinds of PGR and non-processed GR(NPGR) at oriental physician's offices and oriental pharmacies on a nation scale, respectively. The amounts of dry on loss, water extract, diluted ethanol extract, ether extract, total ash, acid insoluble ash, glycyrrhizin(GL), glycyrrhetic acid(GA) and liquiritin(LQ) of them were examined. The amounts of dry on loss, GL and LQ in commercial PGRs showed remarkable decrease, while GA showed increased as compared with NPGR. In order to standardize preparing method of PGR, the effect of heating time on physico-chemical parameters and biological activities were examined. Physico-chemical parameters such as dry on loss, extract amount, GL and LQ contents in PGRs showed decrease, however, GA was increased with heating time as compared with NPGR. Also, GA, obtained from heat-treated GR, was found as an artifact in PGRs. PGR was more effective than NPGA in vitro test of DPPH scavenging effect and TBA-Rs reducing effect. PGR and NPGR showed potent hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rats. Especially, PGR prepared by 80 min of heating was the most effective. Considering these results, the optimal condition for PGR preparation was $150^{\circ}C$ for 80 min.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 1997

The traditional herbal medicine, Jackyakgamcho-tang(JGT), was reported to decrease serum testosterone levels and make pregnancy possibel in anovulatory woman and rat. JGT contains Paeoniae Radix(PR) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR) in equal amount. This study was designed to investigate the effect of JGT and its components(PR, GR, paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin) on uterine and ovarian responses, follicular development, and estrogen secretion in the immature rat. The samples(water extracts of JGT, PR, GR; pure compound of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin) were administered orally to rats from the 21th day of age to the 28th or 30th days of age for 7 or 9 days. JGT(400mg/kg) and PR(100mg/kg, 200mg/kg) treatments significantly increased serum estradiol above levels in control rats, but both GR and glycyrrhizin had no effect on this parameter. Gross observation and histological analysis revealed that an increased number of growing follicules was observed in the ovaries of JGT and PR treated rat. However the lutenized follicles and ova present in the oviducts were not observed in all rats except one treated with estrogen as a positive control. These results indicate that JGT stimulates the estrogen production and follicular maturation in the immature rat and PR is the main component to induce such reaction.