• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 1999

Antidiabetic activity and mechanism of Supungsungihyan(SPSGH) were examined in db/db mice, which is a spontaneously hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and obese animal model. SPSGH and acarbose were administered orally for 4 weeks. Fasting and non-fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin and trig-lyceride of SPSGH treated group were all reduced when compared with those of db/db control group. At 12th week after birth, SPSGH increased an insulin secretion although statistic significance was not seen. Total activities of sucrose, maltase and lactase in SPSGH treated group were not significantly different from those in db/db control. On the other hand, sucrase and maltase activities in acarbose treated groups were increased. Effect of SPSGH on mRNA expression of glucose transporter(GLUT-4) was also examined by RT-PCR and in vitro transcription with co-amplification of rat $\beta$-actin gene as an internal standard. Muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression in SPSGH treated group was increased significantly. These results may suggest that SPSGH lowered blood glucose ascribing to upregulation of muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

Glycosidase activities were tested from the grape berries, Vitis labruscana B. Takasumi. Among various glycosidases, $\alpha$-D-galactosidase was found to be the most active in the flesh and other glycosidases were considerably active in the order of the following: $\alpha$-D-mannosidase>$\alpha$-D-glucosidase>$\beta$-D-glucosidase>$\beta$-D-galactosidase. In the seeds, $\alpha$-D-glucosidase activity was the highest and other glycosidases such as $\alpha$-D-galactosidase, $\beta$-D-glucosidase, and $\beta$-D-galactosidase were still significantly active. The $\alpha$-D-galactosidase in the grape flesh was purified over 83-folds through salting-out with $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and a series of chromatographies employing Sephadex G-50, Octyl-Sepharose, Q-Sepha- rose, and Biogel P-100. The enzyme was a monomer of 45 kDs as determined through SDS-PAGE and Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a preference of $\alpha$-D-galactose to $\beta$-D-galactose as a substrate about 5.4 times. Sulfhydryl specific reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide significantly inhibited the enzyme activity to the extents of 48 and 52% of its initial activity, respectively. The optimumpH range of $\alpha$-D-galactosidase was around 6.5-7.0. The enzyme activity increased by 46% in the presence of 1mM $Fe^{2+}$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2013

Changes in ${\beta}$-glycosidase activity, total phenolic and isoflavone contents, and antioxidant activities during the fermentation of Korean black soybeans (Seoritae and Seomoktae) fermented food cheonggukjang by the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis CSY191 were investigated. The levels of total phenolic and isoflavone-malonylglycoside and -aglycone contents increased, while 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) increased, but the isoflavone-glycoside contents decreased after cheonggukjang fermentation. The content of antioxidant compounds, including isoflavone-aglycones and -malonylglycosides, was increased by fermenting-processing, whereas the content of isoflavone-glycosides was decreased in the fermented soybeans. In particular, the Seoritae soybean fermented at 3 $7^{\circ}C$ for 48 h displayed the highest antioxidant activities, compared to those of the Seomoktae soybean and the fermented. The highest levels of daidzein, glycitein, and genistein were present at concentrations of 253.0 ${\mu}g/g$, 72.5 ${\mu}g/g$, and 114.1 ${\mu}g/g$ after 48 h of Seoritae soybean fermentation. From those results, we suggest that the high antioxidant activity of cheonggukjang of black soybeans might be related to the markedly higher levels of total phenolic and isoflavone-aglycone and -malonylglycoside contents achieved during fermentation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.796-804
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• 2016

In the present study, we screened suitable yeasts for wine fermentation and evaluated the fermentative characteristics of Saccharomyces sp. BCNU 6006 and its anti-oxidant activities. Firstly, various yeasts were isolated from Makgeolli, fruits, and fermented foods. Then, the preliminary selections of suitable yeasts were made using an enzymatic activity assay of glucosidase, glycosidase, protease and tolerance to ethanol and SO₂. In addition, the production of biogenic amines and hydrogen sulfide was also monitored. The 9 yeast strains initially selected were determined to belong to the genera Saccharomyces and Kazachtania phylogenetically. We investigated the optimal conditions for wine fermented with black garlic juice (BGJ). The optimal conditions of alcohol fermentation using BGJ were 26 brix, 28℃, and 10 days. Finally, the fermentation products of black garlic wine (BGW) fermented with Saccharomyces sp. BCNU 6006 exhibited 15.03% ethanol, 12 brix of sugar, and pH 4.01. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, tannin, and 5-HMF compound of BGW were 3.85 mg/ml, 0.51mg/ml, 5.90 mg/ml, and 0.07 mg/ml respectively, lower than that of BGJ. DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power of BGW were 90.77%, 95.20% and 1.261 respectively, lower than that of BGJ. Superoxide anion (O²-) radical scavenging activity was 94.42%, higher than that of BGJ. Based on the above results, the industrial potential of Saccharomyces sp. BCNU 6006 as a wine-making yeast was confirmed in the present study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.410-413
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• 1998

The major protein (GMP) from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer was purified, using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography followed by reversed-phase and ion exchange FPLC. Staining analysis indicated that the protein has a carbohydrate moiety, which was also shown by band shift experiments using various glycosidases. Electrophoretic and gel permeation studies showed that GMP has an apparent molecular weight of 63 kDa composed of possibly two subunits of 25 kDa containing carbohydrate moiety. GMP showed an anticomplementary activity on the hemolysis of red blood cells, which is a screening tool for inflammation mediator search.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2001

Glycosidase activities in the grape flesh (Marguerite) were assayed, and the order of activity was marked as follows: ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase>${\alpha}$-D-mannosidase>${\alpha}$-D-glucosidase>${\beta}$-D-galactosidase>${\beta}$-D-glucosidase. Of these glycosidases, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-D-galactosidases were prominently expressed by the treatment of gibberellic acid, resulting in 56 and 238% increase of activity, respectively. Most of ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase was found in the flesh texture, and the activity increase by gibberellic acid occurred mostly in this tissue. The increase in ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase activity was dependent on the concentration of gibberellic acid treated, showing a positive correlation. Gibberellic acid affected the content of total protein in the grape flesh, 49% increase by 75 ppm treatment. Above this concentration, higher gibberellic acid level did not influence the protein expression. Specific activity of the ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase still increased, showing 24% increase in activity. Grape flesh subjected by gibberellic acid (100 ppm) resulted in the increased activity against a natural substrate, stachyose, showing 55% increase in activity from the grapes treated with 100 ppm of gibberellic acid. Other natural substrates, such as melibiose and raffinose, were also considerably hydrolyzed, and the extent was similar to that of stachyose hydrolysis. During postharvest storage, ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase activity in the grape flesh increased by 51% after 20 days and then declined slowly.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2010

Allergen extracts from dust mites and cockroaches commonly found in Korean homes were used to evaluate their enzymatic activity as they are believed to influence allergenicity. Allergen extracts were prepared from 3 dust mite species (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) and 3 cockroach species (Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, and P. fuliginosa) maintained in the Korea National Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank. Proteins were extracted in PBS after homogenization using liquid nitrogen. The activities of various enzymes were investigated using the API Zym system. No significant difference in phosphatase, lipase, or glycosidase activity was observed among the 6 allergen extracts, but much difference was observed in protease activity. Protease activity was assessed in more detail by gelatin zymography and the EnzChek assay. Extract from T. putrescentiae showed the highest protease activity, followed by those of the cockroach extracts. Extracts from D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus showed only weak protease activity. Gelatinolytic activity was detected mainly in a 30-kDa protein in D. farinae, a 28-kDa protein in D. pteronyssinus, a > 26-kDa protein in T. putrescentiae, a > 20-kDa protein in B. germanica, and a > 23-kDa protein in P. americana and P. fuliginosa. The information on various enzymatic activities obtained in this study may be useful for future studies. In particular, the strong protease activity found in cockroach extracts could contribute to sensitization to cockroach allergens, which is known to be associated with the development of asthma.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.346-350
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• 1997

The synthesis of cis- and trans-1,6-dihydroxypyrrolizidine starting from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and their evaluation as glycosidase inhibitors are reported. The cis-isomer was found to be a potent inhibitor against .alpha.-glucosidase and showed weak inhibitory effect against other glycosidases. The trans-isomer exhibited weak inhibitions of b-glucosidase and amylo-glucosidase and poor inhibition of other glycosidases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1057-1064
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• 1999

Cortex Mori radicis has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the antihyperglycemic effect of Cortex Mori radicis was observed in obese diabetic mice(C57BLKsJ db/db). Cold water extract of Cortex Mori radicis was supplied in tab water(500, 1000 mg/kg/day) with normal chow for 5 weeks. Food intake and body weight gain were decreased significantly in experimental group. Also experimental group exhibited lower fasting serum glucose level when compaired to control group. Hb Alc level and triglyceride level were lowered in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of small intestinal disaccharidases was decreased at most segments. In conclusion, Cortex Mori radicis has anti-obesity effect to reduce food intake and body weight gain. And it is able to decrease the activity of small intestinal disaccharides and thus it can reduce serum glucose level and triglyceride level.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1418-1425
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• 2000

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with common pathogenic mechanism, and ${\beta}-glucan$ of Agaricus blazei Murill is potent inhibitor of intestinal ${\alpha}-glycosidase$ and inhibit the digestion of starch and sucrose in the small intestine. In this studies, there was observed the anti-hyperglycemic effect in obese diabetic mice(C57BLKsJ db/db), which were supplied Agaricus and Acarbose for 5 weeks. In db/db mice, food intake and body weight gain were decreased significantly in Agaricus groups(p<0.05). Also these group exhibited lower fasting serum glucose level compared with control group. HbA1c level, triglyceride level, total cholesterol level, HDL cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol level and VLDL cholesterol level were lowered in db/db mice. The activity of disaccharidases on proximal and distal segments of small intestine was decreased. In conclusion, it was assumed that ${\beta}-glucan$ of Agaricus blazei Murill has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesitic effects by reducing food intake and body weight gain, and also decreasing serum glucose and lipid level through inhibiting the activity of small intestinal disaccharidases.