• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1992

생쥐를 48시간 동안 결식시킨 후 유문결찰하여 급성미란을 유발시키고 미란형성부의 점막 내위선을 구성하는 각 세포의 구조변화와 IgA 분비세포의 분포를 관찰하였다. 미란부 점액분포의 변화는 표면상피의 손상 정도가 심해질수록 경계부의 PAS양성반응은 감소되었으며 중심부에서는 표면상피의 소실로 인하여 PAS 양성반응이 관찰되지 않았다. Glycocalyx 관찰을 위한 ruthenium red 반응에서도 경계부의 상피세포 손상이 심해짐에 따라 정단세포막 상층에 나타나는 양성반응은 감소되었고 측면과 기저면의 양성반응은 관찰되지 않은 것으로 보아 세포 손상시 tight junction은 파괴되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 미란경계부의 미세구조변화로서, 상피세포는 손상이 진행될수록 세포질이 용해되어 공포가 형성되고 핵응축 및 정 단세포질의 점액원과립의 소실이 관찰되었으나 tight junction은 유지되었다. 반면에 점액경세포는 점액원과립의 수가 증가되고 조면소포체가 종창되어 있었다. 미란의 경계부와 중심부에서 벽세포는 다수의 소포가 출현한 후 세포내세관이 종창되었으며 그 후에 mitochondria가 파괴되었고 주세포는 주변의 벽세포가 커지면서 가장자리로 밀려나 크기가 정상보다 작아지고 조면소포체와 mitochondria가 종창을 나타내었다. IgA분비세포는 점막이 파괴된 미란부 점막하조직의 혈관 주변에 다수 존재하는 형질세포에서 확인되었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

Purpose: Nodal metastasis is the main prognostic factor in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We investigated the association between tumor-associated lymphatics and OSCC characteristics. Methods: Thirty-four specimens were used for the immunohistochemical staining with the antibody for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3, phosphorylated VEGFR-3, D2-40, and matrix metallproteinases (MMPs). We observed the distribution of the lymphangiogenic factors and quantified the degree of expression. We determined lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and lymphatic vessel dilatation with D2-40 immunostaining. We assessed the association of LVD or lymphatic vessel dilatation with tumor progression or tumor differentiation. Results: OSCC cells expressed lymphangiogenic ligands. Lymphangiogenic receptor, VEGFR-3, was expressed and activated in some tumor cells as well as in tumor-associated endothelial cells. LVD was not associated with tumor size or nodal status, but lymphatic vessel dilatation was higher in tumors with nodal metastasis, and also higher in poorly differentiated tumors. In stromal area of OSCC, MMP-1 and MMP-10 were up-regulated and the basement membrane of tumor-associated endothelial cells was destroyed by these collagenases. Conclusion: In the primary tumors with nodal metastasis, especially in poorly differentiated OSCC, tumor cells invaded the dilated lymphatic vessels via ruptured sites. MMP-1 and MMP-10 are important in the lysis of the glycocalyx inside the tumor-associated lymphatic endothelial cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2009

Morphology of the gill in Lateolabrax japonicus was investigated after staining the gill, as a result, we found the gill is composed of gill raker, gill arch, gill filament and gill lamellae. The number of gill raker was 7~10 in the upper and 13~18 in the lower. Ultrastructure of the gill in Lateolabrax japonicus were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopes. The gill have primary filament and secondary filament (lamellae). The following cells are identified and described: pavement cell, pillar cell, blood cell, mucose cell and chloride cell etc. Simple epithelial layer consists of squamous epithelium contained large nucleus, intracellular organelles etc. and the surface is covered with some of microridges. The lamella pillar structures are characterized by the axial microtubules and lateral membrane interdigitations. The mucous cells were globular in shape, and had almost the mucous granules of same size with various electron density. Chloride cells contain a lot of mitochondria and specifically developed tubular systems.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 1986

The effects of proteases, neuraminidase and EDTA on adhesion of amoebae on the substratum, ultrastructure and biochemical composition of the cell surface were studied by concanavalin A (con A) cytochemistry and SDS PAGE. By con A cytochemistry the glycocalyx of the plasmalemma was easily subdivided into outer filamentous (F) layer and the inner amorphous (A) layer. On treatment with neuraminidase, amoebae attached to the substratum and spreaded better than untreated cells exposing the more con A binding sites in A- and F-layer. When the cells were treated with trypsin or proteinase K, cells stayed unattached for 12 and 48 hr, respectively. Con A binding sites of A layer and all of those glycoproteins were removed by proteinase K. On the other hand, trypsin damaged all of the con A binding sites in both A- and F-layer without significant change in PAS-stained profile of the plasmalemma. Some of the mucopolysaccharides of the cell surface were released by these enzymes and EDTA. When the cells were incubated with monovalent con A they did not attch on the substratum and cytolysed. From these results adhesion of amoebae on the substratum appears to be mediated by the interaction of the glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides of the A layer.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

This study describes the cell type, ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics as a preliminary study for the research on integument of the smooth lumpsucker, Aptocyclus ventricosus in accordance with the physiological and environmental changes using light and electron microscopes. The SEM revealed the presence of well-developed finger printing structure in the skin surface. The skin surface of the smooth lumpsucker showed an irregular folds in cross section of light microscope. Integument is composed of outer epidermal and inner dermal layer. The epidermal layer is a stratified layer composed of epithelial cells, mucous cells, vacuolar cells, and granular cells. Epithelial cells are classified into superficial, intermediated, and basal cell. The superficial cells were the squamous with well-developed microridges on the free surface, and the microridges were covered with glycocalyx. The mucous cells of unicellular gland were mainly distributed in the apical layer of epidermis and contained mucosal materials of neutral glycoprotein. The vacuolar cells of unicellular gland were mainly distributed in the mid and basal layer of epidermis. The proportion of mucous cells and vacuolar cells were $7.0({\pm}1.07)%$ and $40.6({\pm}3.31)%$ of epidermal area, respectively. The granular cells contained membrane bounded secretory granules with high electron density and developed cell organelles in the cytoplasm. The dermal layer was loose connective tissue layer and composed of mainly collagen fibers. It also contained blood vessels and chromatophores of melanophores and reflecting platelets.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2022

Purpose: The present study measured changes in arteriolar and venular capillary flow and structure in the gingival tissues during the development of plaque-induced gingival inflammation by combining dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT), laser perfusion, and capillaroscopic video imaging. Methods: Gingival inflammation was induced in 21 healthy volunteers over a 3-week period. Gingival blood flow and capillary morphology were measured by dynamic OCT, laser perfusion imaging, and capillaroscopy, including a baseline assessment of capillary glycocalyx thickness. Venular capillary flow was estimated by analysis of the perfusion images and mean blood velocity/acceleration in the capillaroscopic images. Readings were recorded at baseline and weekly over the 3 weeks of plaque accumulation and 2 weeks after brushing was resumed. Results: Perfusion imaging demonstrated a significant reduction of gingival blood flow after 1 and 2 weeks of plaque accumulation (P<0.05), but by 3 weeks of plaque accumulation there was a more mixed picture, with reduced flow in some participants and increased flow in others. Participants with reduced flux at 3 weeks also demonstrated venular-type flow as determined by perfusion images and evidence of the development of venular capillaries as assessed by the velocity/acceleration ratio in capillaroscopic images. After brushing resumed, these venular capillaries were broken down and replaced by arteriolar capillaries. Conclusions: After 3 weeks of plaque accumulation, there was wide variation in microvascular reactions between the participants. Reduced capillary flow was associated with the development of venular capillaries in some individuals. This is noteworthy, as an early increase in venous capillaries is a key vascular feature of cardiovascular disease, psoriasis, Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis-diseases with a significant association with the development of severe gingival inflammation, which leads to periodontitis. Future investigations of microvascular changes in gingival inflammation might benefit from accurate capillary flow velocity measurements to assess the development of venular capillaries.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.440-453
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop a bioactive membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR), the biocompatibility and bone regenerating capacity of the cellulose membrane obtained from the Ascidians squirt skin were evaluated. Materials and methods : After processing the pure cellulose membrane from the squirt skin, the morphological study, amino acid analysis and the immunoreactivity of the cellulose membrane were tested. Total eighteen male Spraque-Dawley rats (12 weeks, weighing 250 to 300g) were divided into two control (n=8) and another two experimental groups (n=10). In the first experimental group (n=5), the cellulose membrane was applicated to the 8.0 mm sized calvarial bone defect and the same sized defect was left without cellulose membrane in the first control group (n=4). In the another experimental group (n=5), the cellulose membrane was applicated to the same sized calvarial bone defect after femoral bone graft and the same sized defect with bone graft was left without cellulose membrane in the another control group (n=4). Each group was sacrificed after 6 weeks, the histological study with H&E and Masson trichrome stain was done, and immunohistochemical stainings of angiogenin and VEGF were also carried out. Results : The squirt skin cellulose showed the bio-inductive effect on the bone and mesenchymal tissues in the periosteum of rat calvarial bone. This phenomenon was found only in the inner surface of the cellulose membrane after 6 weeks contrast to the outer surface. Bone defect covered with the bioactive cellulose membrane showed significantly greater bone formation compared with control groups. Mesenchymal cells beneath the inner surface of the bioactive cellulose membrane were positive to the angiogenin and VEGF antibodies. Conclusion : We suppose that there still remains extremely little amount of peptide fragment derived from the basement membrane matrix proteins of squirt skin, which is a kind of anchoring protein composed of glycocalyx. This composition could prevent the adverse immunological hypersensitivity and also induce bioactive properties of cellulose membrane. These properties induced the effective angiogenesis with rapid osteogenesis beneath the inner surface of cellulose membrane, and so the possibilities of clinical application in dental field as a GBR material will be able to be suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.297-304
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• 2010

As Small Intestine Absorptive Epithelium Cells are surrounded by mucus polysaccharide and lymphocytes and mitochondria, they are sensitive to radiation energy. Damaged cells lead to a deficiency of nutrients and the imbalance of electrolyte metabolism, which in turn can becomes a major cause of an intestine tract death. This research observed ultra structures after injecting propolis into the abdominal cavity in order to reveal the radiation damage mechanism and radioprotection effect of intestine absorptive epithelium cells. The result of this research's observation found that stenosis occurred in the small intestine in some tissues 20 days after 5Gy irradiation, their surface turned black, and their elasticity dropped. Through observation with an optical microscope, it was found that the size of the goblet cells decreased, while the paneth granulate cells atrophied and were vacuolated. Observation with an transmission electron microscope(TEM) revealed that while microvill and lysosome were normally observed in jejunum tissues, mitochondria membrane was damaged and uneven surfaces were formed on lymphocytes. The membrane of absorptive epithelium cells hypertrophied in tissues of the ileum, and vacuole was observed. However, the observation after injecting propolis into the abdominal cavity found that mitochondria damage dropped dramatically, and radioprotection effects were to some extent confirmed, considering that glycocalyx of villi was clear, and M cells could be observed.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1994

Morphological features of the interaction between the hatching blastocyst and implantation in pig were studied by electron microscopy. The observations extended from late blastocyst stage to the completion of trophoblastic erosion of the epithelium and early decidual transformation of the epithelium and early decidual transformation of the stromal cells. Between day 7 and 17 of pregnancy, blastocysts from 0.3 to 12 mm in diameter were flushed from the uterine horns of Dutch Landrace pigs. On the 7th of development in the pig blastocyst, the blastocyst shedded of the zona pellucida established the tips of microvilli and with bleb-like cytoplasmic protrusions of the epithelial cells. From day 11 on in pig embryo, the bilayered trophoblast undergoes a dramatic phase of elongation so that the initially spherical expanded blastocyst becomes tubular. In pig, close apposition to the uterine wall beg-ins at about 12 $^1$/$_2$ days and then attachment occurred during the afternoon of the 16th or 18th day post coitum. At this stage, embryonic loss compared with corpus luteum number is up to 40% of ovulated oocytes. Therefore, the implantation failture of these embryos may be mainly caused by morphological abnormality and failture of zona shedding.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2011

This study was performed to observe ultrastructure of the gill and to ascertain the effect of salinity on histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the gill of the Japanese clam, Corbicula japonica. Experimental period was 7 days. Experimental groups consisted of control, 5, 10, 20 psu. $LC_{50}$ (96 h.) by the probit was 19.55 psu. Mortality was significantly different from the control (p < 0.05). Inner demibranch of the gill of C. japonica was wider 1.37 times than outer demibranch (p < 0.001). The filament zone on the plica can be distinguished by the six epithelial celll cell; frontal ciliated epithelium ($7{\mu}m$), latero-frontal ciliated epithelium ($5{\mu}m$), postlatero-frontal epithelim ($3{\times}8{\mu}m$), and lateral ciliated epithelium ($5{\mu}m$) in the frontal zone, endothelial cellin the intermediate zone, and abfrontal cell in the abfrontal zone. It had one type of secretory cell that was filled with fibrous substances of low electron density. The gill of C. japonica exposed to 5 psu for 7 days was observed partially disappearance of the cilia, and glycogen granule in the filament. In the 10 psu, gill appeared partially modification of epithelial cell and destruction of the glycocalyx. Gill exposed to 20 psu was extended nuclus of the ciliated epithelial cell, destruction of the organelles, and observed glycogen granules infiltration and numerous vacuoles. Moreover, more than 50% filaments were observed that come out chitinous rod from disappearance of epithelial cell in the filament. Therefore, the destruction of the cilia and epithelial cell induce physiological activity and it may be leading directly to death.