• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.383-387
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• 1984

동일포장(同一圃場)에서 재배한 May Queen 및 Irish Cobbler 두 품종의 감자를 사용해서 부위별(部位別) 및 중량별(重量別)로 glycoalkaloid함량(含量)의 변화를 고속액체크로마토그래피로 측정(測定)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 부위별(部位別)에 의(依)한 차이를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 두품종 다같이 수질부(髓質部)보다 피층부(皮層部)에 함유량(含有量)이 많아서 전(全) glycoalkaloids의 99%이상을 차지하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 감자의 한 개체에서 볼 때 상부(上部) 및 하부조직(下部組織)에 함유량(含有量)이 많고 중앙부(中央部)에서는 그것보다 적다는 것을 알았다. 또한 부위(部位)에 의(依)한 현저(顯著)한 차이는 확인(確認)되지 않았으며 ${\alpha}-solaning$은 수질부(髓質部)에서는 아주 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 두 품종(品種)의 감자를 중량별(重量別)로 4단계(段階)로 나누어 중앙부(中央部) 조직중(組織中)에 함유(含有)되는 glycoalkaloid를 측정(測定)한 결과(結果) 두품종 모두 중량(重量)이 가벼워질수록 피층부(皮層部)의 glycoalkaloid의 함유량(含有量)이 증가하는 것을 확인(確認)했다. 또한 수질부(髓質部)의 함량(含量)은 적고 또 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2008

감자(Solanum tubersum L.)의 주요 해충의 하나인 감자수염진딧물(Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas)에 의한 50개 감자 품종별 피해정도를 포장에서 검정하고 실내에서 배설 감로수와 식물체 내 성분(glycoalkaloids, total N, Ca, K, Mg) 함량을 품종별로 분석하여 피해도와의 상관성을 조사하였다. 50개 품종에 대한 감자수염진딧물의 포장 발생밀도 범위는 5엽당 $4.1{\sim}31.4$정도였으며, Jidose, Recent, Sebago 품종 등은 5마리 이하의 낮은 발생밀도를 보였다. 품종별 배설 감로수는 Jopoong에서 40.3개로 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 Superior로 37.7개였다. 가장 적은 품종은 Anco와 Shepody로 각각 15.7개, 16.7개였다. 포장실험과 실내시험 결과를 각 성분 함량별로 상관분석한 결과, 감자수염진딧물에 의한 피해는 glycoalkaloids 함량이나 전질소 함량과 정의 상관을 보였고, 나머지 식물체 성분함량과는 어떠한 상관도 보이지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.556-561
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• 2010

Tomato fruits(Lycoperisicon esculentum) synthesize the glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine, possibly as defense against bacteria, fungi and insects. We developed a new effective method to prepare and purify dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine that exists in tomato fruits using alumina column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The tomato glycoalkaloids(TGA) in tomato was extracted with 2% acetic acid, and then precipitated with ammonium hydroxide(pH=10.5). The dry precipitate substance was applied on alumina column, and then fractionated with water saturated n-butylalcohol. The TGA(Fr. No. 26~36) were collected and dried under reduced pressure. The TGA was performed on a reverse phase HPLC(Inertsil ODS-2, $5\;{\mu}m$), eluted with acetonitrile/20mM $KH_2PO_4$(24:76, v/v) at 208 nm. Two peaks were detected on HPLC, and individual peak was collected by repeating HPLC. Furthermore, to confirm the identity dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine, each peak isolated was hydrolyzed with 1N HCl into sugar and aglycone tomatidine. The sugars were converted to trimethylsilyl ester derivatives. The nature and molar ratios of sugars were identified by gas-liquid chromatography(GLC) and the aglycone by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The first peak (Rt=17.5 min) eluted from HPLC was identified as dehydrotomatine, and second peak(Rt=21.0 min) was as ${\alpha}$-tomatine. This technique has been used effectively to prepare and isolate dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine from tomato fruits.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2009

A method was developed using enhanced liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis and quantitation of 2 main potato glycoalkaloids, $\alpha$-chaconine, and $\alpha$-solanine, without any pre-concentration or derivatisation steps. Calibration curves generated by this technique exhibited a linear dynamic range from 0.025 to $50{\mu}g/mL$ and from 0.05 to $50{\mu}g/mL$ for $\alpha$-chaconine and $\alpha$-solanine, respectively. Matrix effects were evaluated by comparing calibration curves measured in matrix-matched and solvent-based systems. Ion suppression due to matrix effects was weak and extraction recoveries of 88 to 114% were obtained in different sample matrices spiked with analyte concentrations ranging from 15 to $35{\mu}g/mL$. Potatoes that had been genetically modified to tolerate glufosinate contained the same glycoalkaloid levels as their non-transgenic counterpart. We suggest complementing compositional comparison assessment strategy by validating quantitative analytical methods for the toxic glycoalkaloids in potato plants.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2000

청동방아벌레((Selatosomus puncticollis Motschulsky) 유충에 의한 50종 감자(Solanum tuberosum L.) 품종의 피해정도를 검정한 전보의 결과를 바탕으로, 10개 품종(수미, 조풍, 남작, 대서, 대지, 세풍, 남서, Anco, Bintje, Denali)의 괴경피해율과 피해도를 포장과 실내에서 검정하였다. 또한 품종별 피해도 차이에 대한 원인을 구명하고자 괴경에 함유된 여러 가지 성분들(glycoalkaloids, 당, 전분, 전질소, Ca, K, Mg)의 함량을 측정하였다. 청동방아벌레 유충에 대한 10개 품종의 포장 피해괴경율은 19~72%로 높았다. 실내검정 결과 청동방아벌레 유충에 의한 피해구멍수는 남서 품종에서 많았으나, 수미, 대서, Anco, Bintje, Denali 품종은 상대적으로 적었다. 또한 방아벌레 유충에 대한 $\alpha$-chaconine, $\alpha$-solanine, $\alpha$-tomatine의 활성을 실내에서 검정한 결과, 2,500 ppm 농도에서 어떠한 활성도 관찰되지 않았다. 괴경의 glycoalkaloids 함량은 품종별로 차이가 많았는데, 수미품종은 18.83 mg%로 가장 많이 함유하였으나, 남작 품종은 6.39%로 가장 적었다. 괴경중 화원당과 총당 함량은 남서 품종에서 각각 0.71%와 2.95%였으나, 대지 품종은 0.26%와 1.77%였다. 전분 함량은 대지, 남작, Bintje 품종이 많았던 반면 조풍과 세풍 품종에서는 적었다. 괴경중 전질소, K를 가장 많이 함유한 품종은 Anco 품종이었고, Ca는 대서 품종에 Mg는 조풍 품종에 가장 많았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 품종별 해충의 피해도와 저항성 관련 요인들간의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 청동방아벌레 유충에 의한 피해는 괴경중 전질소 함량과는 부의 상과(r=-0.71435*)이었으나, 괴경중 총당 함량과는 정의 상관(r=0.78018*)을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 해충종합방제 프로그램을 확립하고 또한 새로운 내충성 품종의 육성에 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2004

The concentration of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) glycoalkaloids(PCA) (i.e., ${\alpha}$-chaconine and ${\alpha}$-solanine) in Korean cultivated potato plant, and in the different varieties, parts and weights of the potato tubers, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The highest concentrations of PGA in potato plants were found in the roots, followed by the stems and leaves. A large quantity of PGA existed in the periderm of 'Atlantic' potatoes, whereas 'Irish Cobbler' contained the lowest amount in five cultivated potato tubers.'Irish Cobbler' potatoes were divided into three parts and the PGA content in each part was determined. It was found that both of the end parts of the potatoes contained higher PGA than the middle part. The PGA contents in four different sizes of potatoes increased toward the smaller size. Thesignificantly high level of PGA was contained in the smallest size potato tubers, which have been used widely for Korean cooking.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.598-604
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• 2004

This was aim to study the changes of components by different parts and maturity of tomato. We found that orally fed tomatine which induced a significant reduction in cholesterol in hamster in contrast to potato glycoalkaloids, the safety of tomatine was supported by our observation that pickled green tomatoes consumed widely in many countries has a high tomatine content. The tomatoes harvested during the first stage(10 days after flowering) contained tomatine $6333.49{\mu}g\;per\;100g$ and dohydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine in a ratio of about 1:13.8. The tomatine content then decreased by about 85% during stage 2(20 days after flowering) an dehydrotomatine contene dropped to a value near zero during stage 3, 4 It on the tomatine content dropped to a value near zero during the final stage(50 days after flowering). With respect to health benefits at all stages of maturity, unripe tomato contain chlorophyll and ${\alpha}$-tomatine should consumed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2010

Leaf explants of the Solanum hainanense plant, grown in vitro, were cultured in basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callus initiation. For maintenance and proliferation, the callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. The glycoalkaloid content in the callus was at its maximum after ten weeks of culture (188.65 mg/g), whereas that of the one-year-old control was 22.22 mg/g in the root and 5.99 mg/g in the stem. The glycoalkaloid extracted from the callus inhibited the activity of collagenase on collagen gel. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that biotransformation occurred when a callus was grown on medium supplemented with various carbon sources. These results suggest that callus of S. hainanense is a good material for production of glycoalkaloid.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1995년도 Proceedings of special lectures on Molecular Biological Approaches to Plant Disease National Agricultural Science and Technology Institute Suwon, Korea
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• pp.55-75
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• 1995

Induction of HMG-Co A reductase (HMGR) is essential for the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins and steroid derivatives in Solanaceous plants following wounding and pathogen infection. To better understand this complex step in stress-responsive isoprenoid synthesis, three classes of cDNAs for HMGR (hmg1, hmg2, and hmg3) were isolated from a potato tuber library. The potato cDNAs had extensive homology in open reading frames but had low homology in the 3'-untranslated regions. RNA gel blot analysis using gene-specific probes revealed that hmg1 is induced by wounding but wound induction is strongly suppressed by arachidonic acid or by inoculation with Phytophthora infestants. In contrast, hmg2 and hmg3 are slightly induced by wounding and strongly enhanced by arachidonic acid or inoculation. The induction and suppression of HMGR genes parallel the suppression of steroid and stimulation of sesquiterpenoid accumulations observed in earlier investigations. Treatment of the tuber disks with a low concentration of methyl-jasmonate doubled the wound induced accumulation of hmg1 transcripts and steroid-glycoalkaloid accumulation, but did not affect the abundance of transcripts for hmg2 or hmg3 nor induce phytoalexins. High concentration of methyl-jasmonate suppressed hmg1 mRNA and steroid-glycoalkaloid accumulation, induced hmg3 mRNA, and did not elicit phytoalexins. Lipoxygenase inhibitors suppressed the accumulation of of hmg1 transcripts and steroid-glycoalkaloids, which were restored by exogeneous methyl-jasmonate. Methyl-jasmonate applied together with arachidonic acid enhanced the elicitor induced accumulation of sesquiterpenes and sustained steroid-glycoalkaloid levels with transcript levels for the various HMGR mRNAs equal to or greater than wound-only treatment. These results domonstrate that the consequences of wound- and pathogen-responses of plants are different at the levels of gene expression and associated secondary metabolism.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

우리나라에서 가장 많이 유통되고 있는 감자 품종인 '수미'를 사용하여 세척감자의 실용화를 위한 적정 포장재를 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 세척감자의 포장재에 따른 품질특성의 변화를 구명하기 위해 무포장(NP, positive control), 종이봉투(PB, negative control), 양파망(ON), 무공투명비닐백(TP), 유공불투명비닐백(OP) 총 5종의 포장재를 대상으로 Hunter 값, 색차값(${\Delta}E$ value), 총 엽록소 및 글리코알카로이드(PGA) 함량 등 품질 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, Hunter a값(적색도/녹색도)은 세척감자 저장 12일째에 양파망(ON)과 무공투명비닐백(TP)에서 -a값을 나타내 녹색도로 바뀌었다. 색차값은 무포장(NP)에서 높게 나타나 다른 포장재에 비해 녹화가 심했다. 총 엽록소 함량은 저장기간에 따라 뚜렷하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 무포장에서 저장 15일째 가장 큰 증가를 보였다. 세척감자의 괴경 내피 부위의 PGA 함량은 모든 처리에서 저장 15일째 5 mg/100 g 이하로 낮았으며, 외피 부위에서도 4.5-9.3 mg/100 g으로 국제연합식량농업기구(FAO) 권장기준(20 mg/100 g)보다 낮았다. 녹화와 각 품질평가 요인의 상관성을 구명하기 위해, 피어슨 상관분석을 한 결과, 엽록소 함량은 색차값(0.90786)과 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였으나, Hunter a값은 색차값(-0.86021), 엽록소 함량(-0.85196)과는 높은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 글리코알카로이드(PGA)와 녹색도 품질평가 요인과는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 엽록소 함량, 색도 색차와 PGA 함량 등의 결과를 바탕으로 녹화와 소비자 선호도를 고려할 때 평가항목에서 우수한 유공불투명포장재가 세척감자 소포장재로 유망할 것으로 판단되었다.