• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2001

Soybean plants(Glycine max [L.] merr.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN110 were grown in growth chambers under 400 or $800{\mu}l{\cdot}l^{-1}$ atmospheric $CO_2$ and harvested at 25, 28, 32, and 35 DAT to examine the effect of $CO_2$ enrichment on phosphorus accumulation, uptake, and utilization efficiency during vegetative growth. Phosphorus concentration in leaf was lower in high $CO_2$ plant by 47% at 25 DAT and 34% at 35 DAT than those in the control plant but phosphorus concentrations in stem, root and nodule were not affected by $CO_2$ enrichment. Total phosphorus accumulation increased 3.9-fold in high $CO_2$ plant and 3.2-fold in the control plant between 25 and 35 DAT. Elevated $CO_2$ caused a decrease in the whole plant phosphorus concentration by 35%, which was due almost entirely to a decrease in the phosphorus concentration of leaves. $CO_2$ enrichment increased phosphorus utilization efficiency in the whole plant by 70% during the experimental period. Plants exposed to high $CO_2$ had larger root systems than under ambient $CO_2$, but high $CO_2$ plants had lower P-uptake efficiency. Averaged over four harvests, plants at high $CO_2$ had 38% larger root mass that was more than offset the 20% lower efficiency of P-uptake and accounted for increased phosphorus accumulation by high $CO_2$ plant. These results suggest that the reduced phosphorus concentration in soybean plant under $CO_2$ enrichment may be an acclimation response to high $CO_2$ concentration or enhanced starch accumulation, resulting in the plants to have a lower phosphorus requirement on a unit dry weight basis or a high phosphorus utilization efficiency under these conditions.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2015

Black soybean teata is helpful to preventing obesity through enhancing energy expenditure and suppressing accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue. The ethanol testa-extract of Cheongja #3 black soybean (ETCBS) is also have similar effects on obesity. So far, it is not clear whether the ethanol testa extract of black soybean can have effect on the characters of subcutaneous adipose stem cells such as proliferation, activity, and adipogenicity. The doubling time was different between subcutaneous adipose-derived stem (ADS) and visceral ADS cells. By the in vitro culture and passage, the doubling time was increased both of them. The shape was not different between groups and their passages were not cause the change of shapes. In the case of visceral ADS cells, the doubling time was 62.3 h or 40.3 h in control or high fat diet administrated mice, respectively, but not modified in subcutaneous ADS cells. ETCBS administration caused of increased the doubling time from 62.3 h to 84.2 h. ETCBS had suppressive effects on the cellular activity of subcutaneous ADS cells. The intensity of Oil Red O staining was very faint in 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ ETCBS treated groups. The amounts of accumulated triglyceride were also significantly low in 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ treated groups. From these results we know that the doubling times and the effects of ETCBS are different by the anatomical origin of ADS cells. It also suggested that ETCBS may suppress the differentiation of subcutaneous ADS cells into the precursors and maturing of adipocytes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.569-577
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• 1996

본 실험은 콩(황금콩, 방사콩), 땅콩(남대땅콩, 진풍땅콩) 및 옥수수(진주옥, 수원19호)를 공시재료로 하여 PEG처리에 의한 수분 포텐셜이 발아 및 묘의 생육과 저장양분의 함량변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실시되었다. 이 실험에서 발아 배지로 사용된 PEG(M.W. 10,000)용액의 수분 포텐셜은 각각 0.0, -0.2, -0.SMPa이었다. 묘의 수분함량, 묘장이 조사되었으며, 단백질, 지방, 전분은 종자의 함량에 대한 감소율과 가용성 당은 증가율로 조사되었다. 1. 세 작물중 콩의 수분흡수율이 가장 높았다. 2. 세 작물 모두 -0.5MPa의 수분포텐셜에서 수분함량이 현저하게 감소하였고 묘의 신장은 수분포텐셜이 감소함에 따라 지연되었다. 3. 수분포텐셜이 감소함에 따라 종자발아에 의한 단백질의 감소율은 콩과 땅콩에서 낮았고, 전분의 감소율은 옥수수의 -0.5MPa 처리에서 낮았다. 4. 수분포텐셜에 의한 당의 증가율은 세 작물 모두 -0.5MPa에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 5. 세 작물 모두에서 발아를 위한 수분의 이용은 -0.5MPa 이하의 수분포텐셜에서 영향을 받으며, 당의 합성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.280-290
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• 2003

RAPD 연관지도를 RFLP 연관지도와 합병을 하는 것은 각각의 유전 marker들의 단점을 서로 보완하여 세밀화된 유전자 지도작성을 용이하게 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 Essex와 PI 437654의 $F_2$ 및 $F_3$ 후대계통들을 재료로 하여 작성된 RAPD 연관지도를 콩의 RFLP 연관지도와 합병을 함에 있어서 나타난 몇가지 특징들을 기술하고자 함을 목적으로 하는 바 그 특징들은 아래와 같이 요약된다. 1. RAPD 연관지도상에서의 RFLP probe들의 위치가 RFLP 연관지도상에서의 위치와 부분적으로 변동된 현상이 나타났다. RAPD 연관그룹 L.G.C-3을 RFLP 연관그룹 a1 및 a2와 합병하는 과정에서 pSAC3와 pA136, 그리고 pA170/EcoRV와 pB170/HindIII이 서로 반대방향으로 위치하였다. pK400은 RFLP 연관지도상에서는 pA96-1과 pB172의 사이에 위치한 반면 RAPD 연관지도상에서는 i locus와 pA85 사이에 위치하였다. 2. RAPD 연관지도상에서의 두 marker들간의 간격이 RFLP 연관지도상에서의 간격보다 멀어진 현상이 두드러지게 나타났다. pA890과 pK493간의 간격은 RAPD 연관그룹 L.G.C-1에서는 48.6 cM이었던 반면 RFLP 연관 그룹상에서는 단지 13.3 cM으로 나타났다. 또한 pB32-2와 pA670, pA670과 pA668사이의 간격은 RAPD 연관그룹 L.G.C-2에서는 50.9 cM과 31.7 cM이었던 반면, RFLP 연관지도상에서의 간격은 각각 35.9 cM과 13.5 cM으로 나타났다. 3. 하나의 RFLP probe로부터 두개 이상의 다형화 현상을 나타낸 marker들이 동일한 연관그룹이나 다른 연관그룹에 위치하는 현상이 나타났다. 제한효소 HindIII로 절단된 probe pK418은 세개의 marker를 나타내었는데, 그 중 하나는 L.G.C-20에 위치하였으며, 다른 두개는 L.G.C-4에 위치하였다. 위에 나타난 특징들은 RAPD 연관지도는 intraspecific cross의 후대계통들을 재료로 하여 작성된 반면 RFLP 연관지도는 interspecific cross의 후대계통들을 재료로 하여 작성된 결과에선 비롯된 차이점 때문인 것으로 추측된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2007

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines에 의해 발병되는 콩 불마름병은 한국에서 콩에 가장 많이 발생하는 중요한 세균성 병해 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines를 종자에서 검출하기 위해 PCR기법을 이용하였으며, 한국의 36개 주요 콩 품종의 종자 오염을 조사하였다. 그리고 병원균 검출과 동정을 위한 PCR assay와 dilution plating assay를 비교하였다. PCR assay를 이용하여 인공접종에 의한 이병종자와 자연감염된 이병종자로부터 병원균 검출을 확인하였다. PCR assay를 통한 이런 결과는 dilution plating assay와 비슷한 결과를 보여 주었으며 종자에서 병원균을 검출하는 다른 전통적인 방법보다 더 효과적인 방법으로 증명되었다. 36개 주요 콩 품종의 X. axonopodis pv. glycines에 의한 종자 전염을 확인한 결과 풍산나물콩, 만리콩, 태광콩, 대망콩, 아주까리콩에서 병원균이 검출되었다. 그러므로 PCR assay는 콩 종자에서 신속하고, 민감하게 X. axonopodis pv. glycines 특이적으로 검출할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the Mulberry Extract Complex in a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial and animal study on degenerative arthritis. Methods : Animal study: Mulberry Extract Complex is composed of extracts of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit, mulberry leaves and black beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). To evaluate the serum level of interleukin-2, interferon-$\gamma$, and prostaglandin E2, an animal model of degenerative arthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate was employed. Clinical study: The efficacy index (VAS, K-WOMAC) was compared among patients with symptoms of degenerative arthritis before and after Mulberry Extract Complex ingestion as well as the one in groups. Evaluations of the improvement by the subjects and by doctor assessment were also performed. Results : Animal study: Mulberry Extract Complex reduced the serum level of interferon-$\gamma$ and prostaglandin E2 in an animal model with degenerative arthritis. Clinical study: The VAS change showed statistical significance in the experimental groups after 4 weeks (PP set) and 8 weeks (ITT set) of ingestion. When the K-WOMAC was analyzed using a modified ITT set to determine the effectiveness, statistically significant results were obtained in the fields of pain & symptom within the Mulberry Extract Complex group as well as between the Mulberry Extract Complex and placebo groups after 8 weeks of ingestion. Results from the improvement evaluation by subjects and the assessment of improvement by doctors showed statistical significance in the experimental groups (PP set) after 8 weeks. Conclusions : Mulberry Extract Complex could be useful for the improvement of various symptoms of degenerative arthritis based on its anti-inflammatory activity and its reduction of VAS and K-WOMAC pain scores.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1995

벼-콩 답전윤환재배지에서의 잡초발생동태를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였던 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 건답직파재배지에서는 피의 우점현상이 두드러졌으며, 연작에 의해서 계속 증가하는 경향이었고, 콩재배지에서는 피, 좀명아주 및 (좀)바랭이가 문제잡초로 제기되었다. 2. 벼 건답직파재배에서 콩 재배로 또는 콩재배에서 벼 건답직파재배로 답전윤환(畓田輪換)을 함으로써 잡초의 발생량을 크게 감소시킬 수 있었으며, 너도방동사니, 올방개, 올챙이고랭이, 벗풀 및 수생잡초의 발생이 크게 억제되는 경향이었다. 3. 답전윤환재배시(畓田輪換栽培時) 동일 작물을 2년 이상 연속재배(連續我培)하면 잡초의 발생량이 크게 증가하였다.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2007

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] oil is versatile and used in many products. Modifying the fatty acid profile would make soy oil more functional in food and other products. The ideal oil with the most end uses would have saturates(palmitic + stearic acids) reduced from 15 to < 7%, oleic acid increased from 23 to > 55%, and linolenic acid reduced from 8 to < 3%. Reduced palmitic acid(16:0) is conditioned by three or more recessive alleles at the Fap locus. QTLs for reduced palmitic acid have mapped to linkage groups(LGs) A1, A2, B2, H, J, and L. Genes at the Fad locus control oleic acid content(18:1). Six QTLs($R^2$=4-25%) for increased 18:1 in N00-3350(50 to 60% 18:1) explained four to 25% of the phenotypic variation. M23, a Japanese mutant line with 40 to 50% 18:1 is controlled by a single recessive gene, ol. A candidate gene for FAD2-1A can be used in marker-assisted breeding for high 18:1 from M23. Low linolenic acid(18:3) is desirable in soy oil to reduce hydrogenation and trans-fat accumulation. Three independent recessive genes affecting omega-3 fatty acid desaturase enzyme activity are responsible for the lower 18:3 content in soybeans. Linolenic acid can be reduced from 8 to about 4, 2, and 1% from copies of one, two, or three genes, respectively. Using a candidate gene approach perfect markers for three microsomal omega-3 desaturase genes have been characterized and can readily be used in for marker assisted selection in breeding for low 18:3.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2006

A number of field experiments were conducted to assess the role of combined application of nitrogen and sulfur to increase the seed and oil yield of nonnodulating soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) cv. PK-416 $(V_1)$ and cv. PK-1024 $(V_2)$. Six combinations of N and S in three replicates each were used for this purpose i.e. $0\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_1);\;0\;S+23.5+20kg\;N \;ha^{-1}(T_2);\;40\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_3);\;40\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_4);\;20+20\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_5);\;20+20\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^l(T_6)$. Nitrate reductase (NR) and ATP-sulphurylase activities in the leaves were measured at various growth stages as the two enzymes catalyze the rate limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were strongly correlated with seed yield. The higher seed, oil and protein yields were achieved with the treatment $T_6$ in both the cultivars due to optimization of NR activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity, as these parameters were influenced by N and S assimilation. Any variation from this combination was observed to decrease the activity of these enzymes resulting in reductions in the seed, oil and protein yield of soybean.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2013

Objectives : Degenerative arthritis arises from several physiological factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of Phyto-extract Complex (CME) on degenerative arthritis. Methods : CME is composed of extracts of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit, mulberry leaves and black beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). To measure the toxicity of CME, we performed the single-dose toxicity study. For the evaluation of its effects on degenerative arthritis, we examined the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, using in vitro enzyme activity assay, the reduction of protein expression of COX-2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells which were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also examined the serum level of prostaglandins (PGs) and injury of the knee joint cartilage, using animal model of degenerative arthritis induced by mono-sodium iodoacetate (MIA). Results : CME did not have any toxicity in single-dose toxicity study. The CME inhibited the activity of COX-2 and could reduce the protein expression of COX-2, 5-LO and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells. The CME also reduced the serum level of PGs and prevented from the cartilage injury of knee joint in animal model of degenerative arthritis induced by MIA. Conclusions : Taken altogether, the CME could be useful for the improvement of degenerative arthritis through its various anti-inflammatory activities and prevention from the cartilage injury of knee joint.