• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2000

CLA의 glycerol 유도체를 화학적으로 합성하였다. CLA-Cl(1.79 mmole), glycerol(0.6 mmole)과 pyridine (1.3mL)를 25C에서 8시간 반응시켰다. 이 반응물을 SGCC와 TLC를 이용하여 CLA의 glycerol 유도체를 분리하고 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, MS를 이용하여 분리된 유도체를 동정하였다. 이 실험조건하에서 사용된 CLA의 59.4%가 CLA의 glycerol 유도체(CLA-TG, CLA-DG, CLA-MG)로 전환되었다. CLA의 glycerol 유도체 중 CLA-TG는 52.1%, CLA-DG는 17.0%, CLA-MG는 30.9%였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.260-265
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• 1995

In an attempt to define the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the renal cortex of rats, and the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen(BUH) and serum creatinine of rats at 24hr after the injection of a 50% solution of glycerol. Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 mg were injected intramuscularly with a 50% solution of glycerol(2 mι/kg, 4 mι/kg and 8 mι/kg). The group treated with glycerol showed significantlv higher MDA level and catalase activity, lower SOD activity and higher BUN and serum creatinine concentrations at 24 hr after the injection as compared to those of control group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of SOD activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the changes of nerve after the injection of alcohol and glycerol at the infraorbital nerve in rats. Using the eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing $200{\sim}250g$, 99% alcohol, pure glycerol, and sterile saline was injected to the epineurium of the infraorbital nerve. Glycerol injected rats were devided into 0.01ml, 0.03ml and 0.05ml groups. The alcohol and control group were injected 0.03ml at the left infraorbital nerve. The following results were obtained by histopathological examination after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. A few inflammatory cell infiltration and no signs of nerve degeneration were noted in control group. Total nerve degeneration was noted in the alcohol group and no regeneration was noted in 1month, and partial regeneration was noted at 3month. The nerve degeneration was noted at the periphery of nerve bundle in 0.01ml glycerol injection group. Total degeneration was noted in the 0.03ml and 0.05ml glycerol injection group and the degree was propotional to dose. These results suggest that injection of alcohol and glycerol are effective to nerve blockage by nerve degeneration, and nerve degeneration by glycerol injection is propotional to dose and nerve regeneration by glycerol injection is inversely propotional to dose.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

Vegetable leather 표면 코팅에 사용된 폴리우레탄 수지는 glycerol의 함유를 mole % 비로 달리하면서 합성하였다. 합성된 폴리우레탄 수지의 기계적 특성은 SEM, FT-IR, UTM 등을 이용하여 측정하였다. 친환경적인 고분자 수지의 관심이 고조됨에 따라 용제의 사용을 최소화한 vegetable leather 코팅에 사용되는 수분산 수지를 합성하였다. 지방족 3가 알콜인 glycerol의 mole % 비가 증가함에 따라 내마모도, 인장강도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 반대로 연신율, 내굴곡 물성은 감소함을 알 수 있었다. Toluene을 이용한 내용제성 물성측정 결과에는 glycerol의 mole % 증가에 따른 물성 증감 효과는 없었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2013

Pretreatment of wastepaper using aqueous glycerol was investigated to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis. The effects of four factors (solid/liquid ratio, glycerol concentration, acid concentration, and reaction time) on the dissolution yield, the removal of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the enzymatic digestibility were examined at $150^{\circ}C$. The 1/8 of solid/liquid was determined to perform the reaction uniformly, and the 93% of glycerol concentration was found to be a minimum concentration to conduct the reaction under atmospheric pressure. Also, it was found that the acid concentration and reaction time were strongly related to the dissolution yield and the removal of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, but moderately to the enzymatic digestibility. At an optimum condition of $150^{\circ}C$, 1 h and 1% acid concentration, 56% and 49% of hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, were removed, while only 4% of cellulose was removed. The enzymatic digestibility at this condition was 86%, meaning that 83% of the glucan present in the initial substrate was converted to glucose. Compared to glycerol with ethylene glycol as a pretreatment solvent, glycerol is much cheaper than ethylene glycol, but ethylene glycol is superior to glycerol in delignification.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2014

The bioconversion of cellulosic biomass hydrolyzates consisting mainly of glucose and xylose requires the use of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a heterologous xylose pathway. However, there is concern that a fungal xylose pathway consisting of NADPH-specific xylose reductase (XR) and $NAD^+$-specific xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) may result in a cellular redox imbalance. However, the glycerol biosynthesis and glycerol degradation pathways of S. cerevisiae, termed here as the glycerol cycle, has the potential to balance the cofactor requirements for xylose metabolism, as it produces NADPH by consuming NADH at the expense of one mole of ATP. Therefore, this study tested if the glycerol cycle could improve the xylose metabolism of engineered S. cerevisiae by cofactor balancing, as predicted by an in-silico analysis using elementary flux mode (EFM). When the GPD1 gene, the first step of the glycerol cycle, was overexpressed in the XR/XDH-expressing S. cerevisiae, the glycerol production significantly increased, while the xylitol and ethanol yields became negligible. The reduced xylitol yield suggests that enough $NAD^+$ was supplied for XDH by the glycerol cycle. However, the GPD1 overexpression completely shifted the carbon flux from ethanol to glycerol. Thus, moderate expression of GPD1 may be necessary to achieve improved ethanol production through the cofactor balancing.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

To investigate effect of seeding on post-thaw motility and viability of canine spermatozoa, the semen from male dogs which had been proved to be fertile in the past were frozen and seeded during freezing process. Post-thaw motility and viability of canine sperm which were frozen and seeded were investigated according to different seeding temperatures of $-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$, or $-l5^{\circ}C$ and also according to different concentration of glycerol of 2%, 5% and 10%. In addition, post-thaw motility of canine sperm frozen by direct freezing in a deep freezer or programmed freezing in a programmed cell freezer was investigated. Post-thaw motility of canine sperm was compared according to different seeding temperatures : The sperm seeded at $-5^{\circ}C$ showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than that of non-seeding, and that seeded at $-10^{\circ}C$, or $-l5^{\circ}C$, respectively, in 2% and 5% glycerol groups on both 2 and 7day after freezing(p<0.05). In 10% concentration of glycerol, the sperm seeded at each seeding temperature showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than that of non-seeding group on day 7 after freezing(p<0.01). Post-thaw viability of canine sperm was compared according to different seeding temperatures : The sperm seeded at $-5^{\circ}$ showed significantly higher post-thaw motility than that of non-seeding, and that seeded at $-10^{\circ}C$, or $-l5^{\circ}C$, in 5% and 10% glycerol groups on day 7 after freezing(p< 0.05). In comparison of post-thaw motility of canine sperm seeded according to different concentration of glycerol, 5% glycerol group and 10% glycerol group showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than 2% glycerol group without difference between those two groups in all seeding temperatures($-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$ and $-l5^{\circ}C$) on day 2 and 7 after freezing(p<0.01). In comparison of post-thaw viability of canine sperm seeded according to different concentration of glycerol, 5% glycerol group and 10% glycerol group showed the same considerably higher post-thaw viability than 2% glycerol group on each thawing day(p<0.01). The canine sperm frozen and seeded by programmed freezing method showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than that frozen by direct freezing method in all different seeding temperatures($-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$ and $-l5^{\circ}$). These results indicated that the higher post-thaw motility and viability was obtained in the spermatozoa seeded than that of non-seeding, that among different seeding temperatures of $-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$ and $-l5^{\circ}C$, the sperm seeded at $-5^{\circ}C$ showed higher post-thaw motility and viability than the other temperatures, also among different concentrations fof glycerol of 2%, 5% and 10%, the sperm frozen and seeded in 5% and 10% concentration of glycerol showed higher post-thaw motility and viability than that in 2% of glycerol, and that the sperm frozen and seeded by programmed freezing method showed higher motility than that by direct freezing method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2001

Objective : The present study was carried out to determine if Juglandis Semen Aquacupuncture(JSA) exerts beneficial effect against the urine concentrating defect induced by glycerol injection in rabbits. Methods : In order to test the effect of JSA, rabbits were acupunctured with $0.5m{\ell}$ of 1%JSA for 7days at both sides of $Sh{\grave{e}}ns{\bar{u}}$(BL23) before the glycerol injection. The other animals were pretreated with an equal volume of saline instead of JSA. Results : The urine flow was reduced, but the urine osmolality was significantly lower than the basal period in glycerol-injected animals, indicating that glycerol causes the urine concentrating defect. The fractional excretion of Na and K was increased in glycerol-treated animals. The Free-water clearance and fractional water excretion(V/GFR) were increased in animals treated with glycerol. Conclusion : These results indicate that glycerol injection resulted an impairment in the urine concentrating ability in rabbits. Such changes were prevented by JSA. JSA may be used as a method to treat and prevent glycerol-induced acute renal failure.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 1996

In an attempt to dofine the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals and $N-acetyl-{\beta}-D-glucosaminidase$ (NAG) activity, we studied 24-hours urine outflow, 24-hours urinary protein excretion and urinary NAG activity after the injection of glycerol and also we studied malondialdehyde(MDA) level and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in the kidney of rats at 24hr after the injection of glycerol. Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 gm were injected intramuscularly with a 50% solution of glycerol(2ml/kg, 4ml/kg and 8ml/kg). The group treated with glycerol showed significantly lower urine outflow level and urinary protein excretion level and higher urinary NAG activity after the injection as compared to those of control group. Also the group treated with glycerol showed significantly higher MDA level and lower SOD activity at 24hr after the injection as compared to those of control group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of SOD activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity and higher urinary NAG activity is an index of renal tubular cell damage in the glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.886-892
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• 2013

본 연구에서 glycerol에서 ethanol을 생산할 수 있는 P. tannophilus ATCC 32691를 선별하여, ethanol 생산조건에 대하여 조사하였다. Ethanol 생산 시, 미량의 공기 공급이 매우 중요함을 확인하였고, 이를 위하여 발효조에서 surface aeration 방법을 통하여 ethanol 생산을 시도하였다. Glycerol이 포함된 YPG 배지(1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% glycerol)에서 ethanol을 생산하는 최적 조건은 880 ml의 배양액에 500 ml/min의 공기를 surface aeration 방법으로 공급하면서, 300 rpm의 agitation speed로 운전할 경우였다. 이 조건을 이용하여 fed-batch 배양을 실시한 결과 배양시작 후, 90시간에 이르러 ethanol이 최고 5.74 g/l 생산되었고, glycerol에 대한 ethanol 수율(Ye/g)은 0.166 이었다.