• Title/Summary/Keyword: Glutathione peroxidase.

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Susceptibility of Cigarette Smoke Condensate-Exposed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Hypoxia-Reoxygenation (담배연기 농축액 처리에 의해 유도된 사람 기관지 상피세포주의 Hypoxia-Reoxygenation에 대한 민감성)

  • Lee, In-Ja;Choi, Eun-Mi
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2009
  • 사람 기관지상피세포주인 BEAS-2B에 담배연기농축액(CSC)을 처리하여 유도된 1198 세포주는 대조군 세포주인 1799에 비해 현저하게 낮은 glutathione 농도와 낮은 glutamate-cysteine ligase(GCL), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD), catalase 효소활성을 보였다. 두 세포주를 포도당 존재 하에서 4시간 hypoxia 처리 후 reoxygenation 하면서 시간에 따른 세포의 항산화계 활성을 측정한 결과, 1799 세포주에서는 의미 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않은 반면, 1198 세포주에서는 hypoxia 처리에 의해 glutathione의 농도 및 GSH/GSSG 비와 G6PD 활성이 감소되었고, reoxygenation 기에는 GPx, glutathione reductase(GRd), G6PD, superoxide dismutase 활성이 감소되었다. 그러나 reoxygenation 2시간 이후에는 GRd와 G6PD 활성의 회복이 관찰되었으며, 그 결과 GSH/GSSG 비율이 회복되었다. 이 실험 결과는 CSC가 능력을 현저히 저하시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. Glutathione은 hypoxia-reoxygenation에 의한 산화적 스트레스 하에서 항산화제로서의 역할뿐 아니라, 세포 내 GSH/GSSG 비의 변화를 통해 산화적 스트레스에 대한 항산화계의 적응 반응 여부를 결정하는 중요한 인자로 작용할 것으로 보여진다.

Antioxidant Effect of Green Tea Extracts on Enzymatic Activities of Hairless Mice Skin Induced by Ultraviolet B Light (녹차추출물에 의한 쥐표피의 효소에 대한 항산화 효과)

  • Ryu, Beung-Ho;Park, Chun-Ok
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 1997
  • This study was carried out to investigate the acute cutaneous enzymatic antioxidant activity of green tea extracts (GTE) on hairless mice skin after a signal exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. GTE has been in corporated at concentration of 5, 25, 50 and $100\;{\mu}g$ into hairless mice skin. Under exposure conditions of $1.0\;joule/cm^{2}$, impairment of cutaneous enzymatic activity was observed. Catalase and glutathione reductase were significantly influenced in dose-dependent manner by GTE, however glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were not affected. To measure inhibition effect of the GTE on lipoxygenase. $50\;{\mu}g$ GTE extract was added in vitro to arachidonis acid. GTE showed higher inhibition effect on 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 8-HETE than metalolic products of 12- or 15-HETE. The addition of 5, 25, 50 and $100\;{\mu}g$ GTE inhibited the metabolite formation of 5-HETE by 32, 52, 62 and 80%, respectively, and the metabolite formation of 8-HETE by 36, 47, 70 and 84%, respectively.

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Consumption of Jeju Ground Water Containing Vanadium Components Enhances Hepatic Antioxidant Defense Systems in ob/ob Mice (비만 마우스 간의 항산화시스템에 대한 바나듐 함유 제주지하수의 증강효과)

  • Kim, A-Reum-Da-Seul;You, Ho-Jin;Hyun, Jin-Won
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2012
  • The present study examined the effects of consumption of Jeju ground water containing vanadium components on oxidative stress in obese (ob/ob) mice. Intake of Jeju ground water decreased the generation of oxidative stress induced-lipid peroxidation in the liver of ob/ob mice It also enhanced the enzymatic antioxidant defense system by increasing the protein expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver tissues. Jeju ground water intake also upregulated the intracellular content of reduced glutathione. The induction of antioxidant enzyme expression by consumption of Jeju ground water was mediated by the erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 (Nrf2). Increased nuclear expression of phospho Nrf2 was observed in ob/ob mouse liver cells following ntake of Jeju ground water. These results suggest that consumption of Jeju ground water stimulated the antioxidant defense system in the livers of ob/ob mice via induction of Nrf2.

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) in vitro and in vivo Lung Cancer Bearing C57BL/6 Mice

  • Manjamalai, A.;Grace, V.M. Berlin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.3065-3071
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    • 2012
  • Aim: The present investigation was to evaluate the effects of essential oils of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) on free radicals and in vivo antioxidant properties. Methods: Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation and compound analysis was performed by GC-MS analysis. Screening for inhibitory activity was conducted by DPPH and OH-scavenging assays. In addition an in vivo study was carried out in cell line implanted cancer bearing mice with assessment of levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and reduced glutathione. Finally, lungs were dissected out for histopathology study of metastasis. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of carvocrol and trans-caryophyllene as the major compounds with 96% comparison with the Wilily and NBS libraries. The essential oil exhibited significant inhibition in DPPH free radical formation. Whereas reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity are dose dependent. When compared with the standard, it was found that the essential oil has more or less equal activity in scavenging free radicals produced. In the animal studies, the level of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as glutathione, were found to be increased in treated groups whereas lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were reduced. Histopathology report also shows that the essential oil has a significant combating effect against cancer development. Conclusion: In all the in vitro assays, a significant correlation existed between the concentrations of the essential oil and percentage inhibition of free radicals. The in vivo studies also has shown a very good antioxidant property for the essential oil during cancer development. From, these results the essential oil can be recommended for treating disease related to free radicals and to prevent cancer development.

Antioxidative Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Extracts on the Glutathione and Lipid Peroxidation in the Liver of Mouse Treated with Paraquat (홍삼추출물 투여 후 Paraquat가 투여된 생쥐간에서 Glutathione과 Lipid Peroxidation에 미치는 항산화 효과)

  • 이화재
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2000
  • The anti-oxidative effects of Korean red ginseng extracts (total saponine, water extracts, alcohol extracts, lipophilic extracts), which were administered with the concentration of 200 mg/kg BW, were investigated after the injection of paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyrimidinium dichloride: PQ) with dosage of 100 mg/kg BW on the peritoneal cavity to 6 weeks of 23~26 gm ICR male mice. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) on the liver of mouse was lowered only in alcohol extract-treated group (p<0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in the mouse treated with lipophilic ginseng extracts. And GSSG level was lowered in all groups, and this might be due to the paraquat ions that might prevent the reaction of GSSG into GSH. But we cannot find any relation between glutathione oxide-reductase activity on Korean ginseng extracts. Finally, the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was lowest (p<0.01) in the group of mouse treated with water extracts of ginseng.

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Antioxidant Action of Ginseng : An hypothesis (인삼의 항산화 작용)

  • Lee, D.W.;Sohn, H.O.;Lim, H.B.;Lee, Y.G.;Aprikian, A.G.;Aprikian, G.V.
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1995
  • Antioxidant effect of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated in rats. Long-term administration of ginseng water extract protected the activity of liver cytosotic SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase from being significantly decreased with advancing age (p<0.05). It was more effective toward glutathione peroxidase than other antioxidant enzymes. However, the level of sulfhydryl compounds and its related enzymes such as glutathione reductase and glutathione-5-transferase was not significantly changed by the administration of ginseng. Liver microsomal formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide did not show a significant difference between two groups although it was slightly decreased with age, but lipid peroxidizability of microsomal membrane induced by a prooxidant was slightly lower in ginseng-treated rats. Interestingly, antioxidant capacity of plasma from ginseng treated rats on autooxidation of ok-brain homogenates was much higher than that of normal ones. However, resistance of RBC membrane against oxidative stress showed a similar tendency. The content of serum TBA reactive substances lowered consistently in the rats treated with r ginseng at all corresponding age and a significant difference between two groups was found at 24 months of age (p<0.05). Ginseng extract protected lipid peroxidation in brain and liver. This protection was more effective in the stressed rats imposed by immobilization than normal ones. In conclusion, ginseng water extract protected the age related deterioration of major antioxidant enzymes, and this effect was more striking with increasing duration of treatment. This comprehensive antioxidant action of ginseng seems to be bra certain action of ginseng other than a direct antioxidant action, which might be a long term normalizing effect through the harmony of various components.

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The Change of Glutathione Metabolism in Liver and Kidney of Cisplatin treated Rats (Cisplatin 투여 후 백서의 간 및 신장에서 Glutathione 대사의 변화)

  • Kim, Seong-Yong;Chung, Jae-Yong;Kim, Jae-Ryong;Kim, Jung-Hye
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 1994
  • Glutathione (GSH) is a well-known antioxidative cellular component which is ubiquitous in nature. Several enzymes involved in GSH metabolism and recycling have been found to play important roles in detoxification of xenobiotics and free radicals. In this study, total GSH content, activity of GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase were measured in liver and kidney of cisplatin treated rats. Total GSH content (mM/g protein) of liver was higher in cisplatin treated rats ($1.51{\pm}0.28$) than of nontreated control ($0.95{\pm}0.28$), and in kidney, it was also higher in cisplatin treated rats ($0.87{\pm}0.20$) than that of control ($0.68{\pm}0.14$). The activity of GSH peroxidase (${\mu}M/mg$ protein/min) was lower in liver of cisplatin treated rats ($348.0{\pm}18.54$) than that of control ($415.5{\pm}53.15$), in kidney it was increase din cisplatin treated rats ($380.5{\pm}51.86$) compared to control ($327.3{\pm}20.36$). The activity of GSH reductase (${\mu}M/mg$ protein/min) was higher in liver of cisplatin treated rats ($3.09{\pm}0.88$) than that of control ($2.28{\pm}0.61$), in kidney it was also higher in cisplatin treated rats ($8.50{\pm}2.62$) than that of control ($3.30{\pm}1.10$). In summary, detoxification of ciplatin was revealed lesser effect in kidney as show increasion of GSH peroxidase and reductase and detoxification of cisplatin was expressed effectively in liver by increasing of GSH content and decreasing GSH peroxidase.

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Different Sources of $\omega3$ Fatty Acids at the Fixed Ratio of p/s Affect Glutathione Dependent Enzymes in Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis (간세포 암화과정에서 p/s 고정비율과 $\omega3$ 지방산 급원에 따른 전암성 병변과 Glutathione 의존 해독화 효소계에 미치는 영향)

  • 이해정;김혜경;최혜미
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.36 no.8
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    • pp.785-792
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    • 2003
  • This study is conducted to determine the effects of dietary source of $\omega$3 fatty acids on preneoplastic foci and the glutathione dependent enzymes in rat hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets containing 10% (w/w) fats fixed p/s = -1.0 and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio = -0.4 or 4.0 ; fish oil-com oil blended (FC), com oil-beef tallow-fish oil blended (CF), com oil-beef tallow-perilla oil blended (CP), from gestation period. At 10 weeks, animals of experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with DEN (200 mg/kg body weight) and two-thirds partial hepatectomy was carried out 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. The area and number of glutathione S-transferase placenta (GST-P) positive foci were significantly decreased in rats fed diets containing fish oil (FC and CF) than those fed perilla oil diet (CP). Fish oil feeding significantly increased the activities of glutathione dependent enzymes. Rats fed diets containing fish oil (FC and CF) significantly increased the glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione dependent enzymes had significantly negative correlation with GST-P positive foci. Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) was increased in rats feeding fish oil. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were not different among groups. Therefore, the preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis might be explained by induction of the glutathione dependent enzymes and G6Pase. (Korean J Nutrition 36(8): 785∼792, 2003)

Lymphocyte DNA damage and plasma antioxidant status in Korean subclinical hypertensive patients by glutathione S-transferase polymorphism

  • Han, Jeong-Hwa;Lee, Hye-Jin;Choi, Hee Jeong;Yun, Kyung Eun;Kang, Myung-Hee
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.214-222
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics by conjugating substances with glutathione. The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidative status and the degree of DNA damage in the subclinical hypertensive patients in Korea using glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We examined whether DNA damage and antioxidative status show a difference between GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype in 227 newly diagnosed, untreated (systolic blood pressure $(BP){\geq}130mmHg$ or diastolic $BP{\geq}85mmHg$) subclinical hypertensive patients and 130 normotensive subjects (systolic BP < 120 mmHg and diastolic BP < 80 mmHg). From the blood of the subjects, the degree of the DNA damage in lymphocyte, the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, the catalase, and the glutathione peroxidase, the level of glutathione, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), anti-oxidative vitamins, as well as plasma lipid profiles and conjugated diene (CD) were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 227 subjects studied, 68.3% were GSTM1 null genotype and 66.5% were GSTT1 null genotype. GSTM1 null genotype had an increased risk of hypertension (OR: 2.104, CI: 1.38-3.35), but no significant association in GSTT1 null genotype (OR 0.982, CI: 0.62-1.55). No difference in erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase, and plasma TRAP, CD, lipid profiles, and GSH levels were observed between GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype. Plasma levels of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ increased significantly in GSTT1 wild genotype (P < 0.05); however, plasma level of ${\beta}-carotene$ increased significantly in GSTT1 null genotype (P < 0.01). DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay was significantly higher in GSTM1 null genotype than wild genotype (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the association between GSTM1 null genotype and risk of hypertension as they suggest that GSTM1 null genotype leads to an increased oxidative stress compared with wild genotype.

Effects of Chronic Alcohol Feeding and 2-Acetylaminofluorene Treatment on Microsomal Cytochrome P-450 and Glutathione Dependent Enzymes Activities in Rat Liver (만성 알코올 섭취시 2-Acetylaminofluorene 투여가 흰쥐간 Cytochrome P-450 및 Glutathione 이용 효소계 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • 김정희;최옥희;윤혜진
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.859-866
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    • 1995
  • This study was done to investigate the effects of chronic ethanol feeding on hepatic microsomal cytochrome system, lipid peroxidation and peroxide metabolizing enzyme activities in 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 120~125g, were pair-fed liquid diets containing 35% of total calories either as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of experimental diet feeding, 2-AAF(100mg/kg body weight) was injected twice a week intraperitoneally. Both weight and percent liver weight per body weight were significantly changed by ethanol feeding. Hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide value and the activities of glutathione(GSH) peroxidase and GSH reductase were not changed by either ethanol or 2-AAF treatment. However the analysis of cytochrome systems showed that both ethanol and 2-AAF increased cytochrome P-450 and bs contents although cytochrome P-450 content was moe affected by 2-AAF while cytochrome b5 content by ethanol. Cytosolic GSH S-transferase activity, which is often elevated during chemical carcinogenesis, also significantly increased by either ethanol feeding or 2-AAF treatment. Overall values for the cytochrome contents and GSH S-transferase activities were highest in 2-AAF treated rats fed ethanol. These results might support the hypothesis that the increase in liver cancer risk associated with chronic ethanol consumption might be due to, at least in part, enhancement of carcinogen bioactivation by ethanol.

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