• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1995

담수산(淡水産) 어류(魚類)인 이스라엘 잉어 (Cyprinus israeli carpio L.)와 참잉어(Cyprinus carpio L.)에 대(對)한 13개(個) 농약(農藥)의 급성독성(急性毒性) (96hr)과 이스라엘 잉어에 대한 5개(個) 살충제(殺蟲劑)(diazinon, malathion, carbofuran, cartap, methomyl)에서 acetylcholinesterase(AchE)와 glutathione s-transferase(GST) 활성(活性)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 이스라엘 잉어에서 공시농약(供試農藥)의 $LC_{50}$치(値)에 의한 독성(毒性)크기 순서(順序)는 endosulfan, captafol, chlorothalonil, butachlor, captan, carbofuran, cartap, diazinon, nitrofen, methomyl, propanil, malathion, isoprothiolane순(順)이었고, 독성(毒性)의 차이(差異)는 endosulfan(0.0061ppm)이 isoprothiolane(12.8ppm)보다 2,000배(倍)의 독성(毒性)을 나타냈으며 참잉어에서의 독성(毒性)크기 순서(順序)는 endosulfan, captafol, chlorothalonil, captan, butachlor, carbofuran, nitrofen, diazinon, cartap, methomyl, propanil, malathion, isoprothiolane 순(順)으로 endosulfan(0.0026ppm)이 isoprothiolane(13.20ppm) 보다 5,000배(倍) 독성(毒性) 차이(差異)를 나타내었다. 독성(毒性)은 diazinon, carbofuran, cartap, endosulfan, nitrofen에서는 참잉어가 이스라엘잉어 보다 약(約) 2-6배(倍)의 독성(毒性)을 나타냈으나 malathion, methomyl과 captafol에서는 이스라엘잉어의 독성(毒性)이 약간 높았다. 준치사(準致死) 농도(濃度)의 살충제(殺蟲劑)가 이스라엘잉어의 AchE가 활성(活性)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 유기린계(有機燐系) 살충(殺蟲) 제(劑)인 diazinon과 malathion에서는 각각(各各) 약(約) 31%와 52%의 저해(沮害)를 나타냈으며 이스라엘 잉어의 GST 활성(活性)은 methomyl 처리시 유의적(有意的)으로 유기(誘起)되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of supplemental selenomethionine (Se-Met) on growth performance and serum antioxidant status in Taihang Black goats. Fifty 16-week-old goats with an average body weight of 12.5${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly assigned to five treatments fed a basal diet (0.049 mg Se/kg DM) supplemented with 0 (control), 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 1.00 mg of Se/kg DM (form Se-Met) for 80 days. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were higher (p<0.05) in the groups supplemented with 0.30 to 0.50 mg Se/kg DM compared with the control group. However, Se-Met supplementation had no influence on average daily feed intake (p>0.05). Se-Met supplementation significantly increased (p<0.01) the activity of glutathione peroxidase enzymes (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum. The group supplemented with 0.50 mg Se/kg DM had the highest activity of GSH-Px compared with other groups (p<0.05). Serum SOD activity was higher (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with both 0.30 and 0.50 mg Se/kg DM than in control goats and goats supplemented with 1.00 mg Se/kg DM. Serum glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with 0.30, 0.50 and 1.00 mg Se/kg DM compared with control values. These results indicated that Se-Met supplementation markedly improved the antioxidant status in goats. Blood Se concentration increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.001) as the level of supplemental Se-Met increased. The concentration of Se in the control diet (0.049 mg Se/kg DM) did not satisfy the Se requirement in goats as indicated by reduced growth rate, feed efficiency, activities of GSH-Px and SOD in serum, and blood Se concentrations. In conclusion, it is recommended that 0.30 to 0.50 mg of Se/kg DM from Se-Met (total diet Se of 0.349 to 0.549 mg/kg DM) be supplied in the diet of Taihang Black goats to enhance growth performance and improve antioxidant status.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2016

Background: To investigate the effect of pectinase-treated Panax ginseng (GINST) in cellular and male subfertility animal models. Methods: Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced mouse spermatocyte GC-2spd cells were used as an in vitro model. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. For the in vivo study, GINST (200 mg/kg) mixed with a regular pellet diet was administered orally for 4 mo, and the changes in the mRNA and protein expression level of antioxidative and spermatogenic genes in young and aged control rats were compared using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results: GINST treatment ($50{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, and $200{\mu}g/mL$) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the $H_2O_2$-induced ($200{\mu}M$) cytotoxicity in GC-2spd cells. Furthermore, GINST ($50{\mu}g/mL$ and $100{\mu}g/mL$) significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the $H_2O_2$-induced decrease in the expression level of antioxidant enzymes (peroxiredoxin 3 and 4, glutathione S-transferase m5, and glutathione peroxidase 4), spermatogenesis-related protein such as inhibin-${\alpha}$, and specific sex hormone receptors (androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) in GC-2spd cells. Similarly, the altered expression level of the above mentioned genes and of spermatogenesis-related nectin-2 and cAMP response element-binding protein in aged rat testes was ameliorated with GINST (200 mg/kg) treatment. Taken together, GINST attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in GC-2 cells and modulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes and of spermatogenic-related proteins and sex hormone receptors in aged rats. Conclusion: GINST may be a potential natural agent for the protection against or treatment of oxidative stress-induced male subfertility and aging-induced male subfertility.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1997

에탄을 투여로 인한 뇌조직의 지질과산화에 미치는 식이성 Met과 Se의 효과를 구명코자 Se을 결핍시킨 횐쥐를 대상으로 Met을 수준(0, 3, 9g/kg diet)별로 급여 하였으며, 실험기간은 5주와 10주로 사육하여 뇌조직의 알코을 대사효소와 유리기 제거 효소계의 활성을 관찰하였다. 알코을 대사효소인 ADH 활성은 5주와 10주군에서 에탄을 투여시 증가되었고 Met정상급여군이 결핍과 과량급여군에 비해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. AIDH 활성은 에탄을 투여로 유의하게 감소되었고 특히 Met와 Se 동시 결핍시 감소가 가장 현저하였다. 투여기간이 길수록 활성은 감소하는 경향이었다. MAO활성은 에탄올 투여군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며, Met급여에 의해 활성은 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. SOD 활성은 에탄올 투여로 유의적인 감소를 보였으며 5주 및 10주 모두 Met 과량급여군이 결핍과 정상급여군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. GSH-Px 활성은 에탄을 투여로 유의적으로 감소되 었으며, Met과 Se 동시 결핍군에서 가장 감소정도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. Met 급여수준이 증가할수록 그 활성은 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 10주군이 5주군에 비해 활성이 증가하였다. 에탄올 투여로 증가된 GST 활성은 Met결핍에 의해 더욱 가중되었으며 10주군이 5주군에 비해 GST 활성이 유의적으로 증가된 것으로 보아 장기간의 Met 결핍은 에탄을 중독을 심화시킬 것으로 생각된다. Catalase 활성은 에탄을 투여로 유의적인 증가를 나타내었고 Met 결핍군이 정상급여군 및 과량 급여군에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 보였다. GSH함량은 에탄올에 의해 유의적으로 감소되었는데 Met 급여 수준이 증가할수록 에탄올로 인해 감소된 GSH함량이 유의적으로 증가되었으며, 10주군이 5주군에 비해 증가 정도가 현저하였다. 과산화의 지표인 LPO 함량은 에탄을 투여시 증가되었고 Met 결핍군은 정상급여군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었으며, 특히 Met 과량급여시 5주군에 비해 10주군이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이 상의 결과에서 Se 결핍시 Met 급여로 인해 에탄올 대사효소의 활성 증가 및 에탄올에 의해 증가된 뇌의 지질과산화를 줄이는 것으로 보아 Met이 생체의 노화를 방지할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, Se 결핍으로 증가된 지질과산화 반응에 대한 보호와 적응 수단으로써 방어 효소의 활성도가 높아진 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2003

흰쥐에게 1% 콜레스테롤과 0.25% 콜산나트륨을 첨가한 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발 식이와 민들레잎 추출물을 분획별(열수추출물군, 에틸아세테이트추출물군, 에테르추출물군)로 나누어 급여하여 민들레 잎이 체내 항산화계에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 간조직 중의 cytochrome P-450 함량은 민들레 잎 분획별 추출물 급여에 의한 유의적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며, XO활성은 대조군에 비하여 굴들레잎 열수추출물 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직 중의 SOD활성은 대조군과 비교시 추출물 급여에 의하여 유의적으로 감소되었으나 분획 간의 차이는 나타나지 않은 반면 catalase활성은 민들레잎 추출물 급여에 의해 유의적으로 증가되었으며 에틸아세테리트추출물군은 에테르추출물군에 비하여 감소 정도가 유의적이었다. 간조직 중의 GSH-Px와 GST활성은 민들레 잎 추출물 급여시 대조군에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으며 열수추출물군에서 특히 현저한 증가가 관찰되었다. GSH 함량은 추출물 급여에 따른 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 과산화지질 함량은 대조군에 비하여 민들레 잎 추출물 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었는데, 특히 열쑤추출물군의 감소효과가 현저한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 고콜레스테를 혈증 유발 흰쥐에게 민들레잎 추출물 급여는 체내 항산화효소의 활성과 항산화제의 함량에 영향을 미쳐 체내 항산화능의 개선에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2000

칡추출물이 알코올성 뇌손상에 미치는 영향 을 구명하기 위해 알코올을 투여한 흰쥐에게 갈화와 갈근을 수준별 (I;1.2 g/kg B.W., II;2.4 g/kg B.W.) 로 5주간 급여한 후 \ulcorner 열수추출물이 알코올 대사와 유리기 생성 및 제거효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. ADH 활성응ㄴ 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여시 에탄올만 투 여한 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소한 반면, ALDH 활성은 갈근추출물 급여군에서 유의 적으로 증가하였는데 1수준군의 증가정도가 현저하였다. P450 함량과 AD, AH 활성은 대조 군에 비하여 칡 열수추출물 급여시 감소되는 경향이었는데 갈근 급여군의 감소효과가 현저 하게 나타났다. AO와 XO 활성은 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여군이 대조군에 비하여 감소되었 는데 특히 갈근추출물 1수준군에서 현저하게 나타났다. SOD 활성은 칡 열수추출물 급여시 증가하였으며 CAT와 GSH-Px 활성은 에탄올 투여로 증가된 활성이 갈근 열수추출믈 I 수 준 급여시 유의적으로 증가되었다. 이상의 결과에서 갈화 및 갈근 열수추출물 급여는 뇌조 직 중의 에탄올 대사효소계의 활성을 촉진시켰으며, 유리기제거 효소의 활성을 억제하고 항 산화효소계를 활성화하여 에탄올 투여에 인한 뇌조직의 산화적 스트레스를 완화시킬 수 있 을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Gagaminjakdowha-Tang on liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Methods : All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(200mg/kg administrated), sample II group(400mg/kg administrated), Silymarin(200mg/kg administrated) group. Liver injury of rats were induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, and then the serumtransaminase(ALT & AST) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities, Liver cytosol malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and glutathione-peroxidase(GPX) for enzyme activities were measured. Results : The inhibitory effects on the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum ALP activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum LDH activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the liver cytosol malondialdehyde were noted in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol catalase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol superoxide dismutase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GST activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GPX activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II. The inhibitory effects of the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALP activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum LDH activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. Conclusions : Gagaminjakdowha-Tang has protective effects against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.265-277
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• 2008

In order to investigate the protective effects of Gami Yugan-tang on liver damage in rats induced by $CCl_{4}$ and d-galactosamine, the serum transaminase(ALT & AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) for enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation were measured. All animals were divided into 4 groups: normal group (untreated), control group (treated with 0.9% saline solution), sample I group (treated with 740mg/kg Gami Yugan-tang), and sample II group (treated with 1,480mg/kg Gami Yugan-tang). The results were as follows : 1. The results of liver damage in rats induced by $CCl_4$ : The protective effects of ALT were displayed in sample I and sample II, and AST, ALP, LDH, SOD, catalase, GST, GPX, and lipid peroxidation were noted in sample II group. It showed slight necrosis of hepatic cell and pathologic changes, for example, inflammatory cells infiltration were improved in sample II group compared to the control group. 2. The results of liver damage in rats induced by d-galactosamine : The inhibitory effects of AST, ALT, LDH, and ALP activities were noted in both sample I and sample II groups. The findings from this experiment suggests that Gami Yugan-tang has protective effects against liver damage in rats induced by $CCl_{4}$ and d-galactosamine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2003

In this paper, the effect of Ganopoly(extracts of Ganoderma lucidum) and Ganopoly/C+(70% Ganopoly + 30% chitosan) on cisplastin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. A single dose of cisplastin(5 ㎎/㎏) kg) was administered intraperitoneally after pretreatment of saline, Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+ for 7 days. The nephrotoxicity and renal function were manifestated by the changes of body weight, blood pressure, biochemical changes and solute in urine and plasma. After the treatment of CDDP(cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum), a significant elevation of kidney weight, serum urea, cretinine, urine volume for 24 hours, urine magnesium, and a severe or significant decrease in body weight, blood pressure, creatinine clearance, urine osmolarity, serum albumin, etc. The nephrotoxicity was further confirmed by a significant decrease in glutathione S-transferase(GSH) in urine and kidney homogenate, GSH, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and catalase in kidney tissue. And also the lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in kidney homogenate. These signs of nephrotoxicity was ameliorated by the pretreatment and consecutive administration of Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+ for 14 days after the Lp. injection of CDDP on 7th day after pretreatment of Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+. The amelioration of nephrotoxicity was evidenced by significant reduction in serum urea and creatinine concentration, and improvement of other index of renal function. And The activity of antioxidant enzymes were partially recovered in kidney tissue of rats treated by CDDP and the administration of Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+. These results indicate the cispastin induced nephrotoxicity is due to an impairment of tubular reabsorption systems enhanced by necrosis of proximal tubule, and the Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+ has a partial protective effect on nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP. The polysacchride of Ganoderma lucidum may improve the therapeutic index of nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP. However, it is needed to elucidate the mechanism for confirming the therapeutic effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2018

Bisphenol A, an everywhere chemical, is applied as a plasticizer in polycarbonate plastics, which often used in our everyday products and in epoxy resins as protective coatings and linings for food and beverage cans for decades. Human exposure to BPA may lead to adverse effects by interfering with oestrogen receptors. Our present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E) on BPA-induced damage in the liver of male rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: the first group received olive oil and served as control. The second group received both (Se + Vit E) (0.5 mg/kg diet; 100 mg/kg of diet). The third one treated orally by (10 mg/kg b.w.) of BPA. The last group received (Se + Vit E) (0.5 mg/kg diet; 100 mg/kg of diet) concomitantly with (10 mg/kg b.w.) BPA. Exposure to BPA for three weeks engendered a hepatic disorder. An increased AST and ALT enzymatic activity was noticed in BPA-treated group as compared to other groups. Furthermore, a change in glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, albumin, and bilirubin level was remarkable. Moreover, exposure to BPA increased malondialdehyde levels while reduced gluthatione content was decreased in the liver homogenate. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase and catalase activities was observed in the same group. Administration of selenium and vitamin E through the diet in BPA treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters cited above. In addition, an improvement in activities of liver enzymes was recorded. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. The model of this study that we employed characterized the relationships between BPA-induced hepatotoxicity and its alleviation by natural antioxidants like selenium and vitamin E.