• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2021

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes photoaging, which represents skin damage, disrupts skin barrier function, and promotes wrinkle formation. We investigated that the polysaccharide extract of an edible basidiomycetous white jelly mushroom, Tremella fuciformis, (TF-Glucan^®) exhibited statistically photoprotective activity by inhibiting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and increasing collagen synthesis, and an anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines at the concentrations of less than 1000 ㎍/ml, which is not cytotoxic (p < 0.05). Additionally, TF-Glucan^® increased the expression of involucrin and filaggrin to prevent the disruption of UVB-induced barrier function (p < 0.05). TF-Glucan^® was assessed as a safe material by the human primary skin irritation (1, 3, 5%), human repeated insult patch test (no sensitization at 5%), 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay (no phototoxicity, PIF < 2, MPE < 0.1), eye irritation test test by BCOP (no category, IVIS ≤ 3) and local lymph node assay (negative at 10, 25, 50%) for identifying potential skin sensitizing. These results suggest that TF-Glucan^® may be useful as an anti-photoaging ingredient for developing cosmeceuticals.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.288-290
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• 2004

효모의 종류에 따라 세포벽의 composition이 다른 것으로 알려져 있으나 이에 대한 체계적인 연구는 아직 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국 유전자은행 (KCTC)과 한국미생물 보존센터 (KCCM)에서 구입한 15종류의 효모를 $Glucanex^{(R)}$ 200G로 처리한 후 생균수를 측정하여 상대적인 저항성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 Trigonopsis variabilis나 Sporidiobolus pararoseus는 $\beta$-glucanase에 대한 저항성이 높았으며 Pichia stiptis나 Filibasidium cpasuligenum은 $\beta$-glucanase에 대한 저항성이 낮았다. $\beta$-glucan의 함량이 높은 세포는 높은 농도의 $\beta$-glucanase 농도에서도 저항성을 가지므로 이를 바탕으로 여러 효모의 세포벽의 상대적인 $\beta$-glucan 함량을 추정할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and β-glucan content of extracts extracted by varying the temperature at 30, 55 and 80℃ after hot air drying or freeze drying of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii. For the analysis antioxidant activity of each mushroom, β-glucan, total phenol, flavonoid contents, and DPPH·ABTS⁺·Nitrite assay were measured. Also, the β-glucan content, total flavonoid content and ABTS⁺ scavenging activity increased with freeze drying rather than hot air drying, and increased with increasing extraction temperature in both mushrooms. However, the total phenol and nitrite scavenging activity increased with hot air drying rather than freeze drying, and decreased with increasing temperature in both mushrooms. DPPH scavenging activity was not significant in both mushrooms, but decreased with increasing extraction temperature. Pearson's correlations between total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities were r=0.719~0.753 (p<0.01). As a result, the β-glucan content, total flavonoid content, and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity were highest during freeze drying and extraction at 80℃. And the highest total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitrite scavenging activity were obtained during hot air drying and extraction at 30℃.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1999

Ganoderan (GAN), an immunomodulating ${\beta}$-glucan from mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, was evaluated for its ability to induce formation of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) and transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}$) from rat Kupffer cell in vitro. Hepatic macrophages activated by GAN significantly elevated concentration of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ in cultured medium, but not significantly elevated that of TGF-${\beta}$. GAN-activated Kupffer cells secrete 14.9${\mu}$M (p<0.01) of NO and 2619.5${\rho}$g/ml (p<0.01) of TNF-${\alpha}$after 36hr of incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$. The results revealed that GAN enhanced 4-fold production of NO and 19 fold formation of TNF-${\alpha}$ compared to the control. The proliferation of GAN-activated Kupffer cells was inhibited as compared with its negative control. Comparing the activity among glucans derived from microorganisms, highly branched zymosan, glucomannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$ and NO production. These results indicate that the ${\beta}$-glucan from G. lucidum activates rat Kupffer cell and secretes NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. It also suggest that rat Kupffer cell posses certain receptor for ${\beta}$-anomeric glucan.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1986

The present studies were undertaken in attempt to investigate the preventive effect of $\beta$-glucan from barley ad diltiazem on cholesterol and vitamin D2 induced-atherosclerotic rat. The results obtained were summerized as follows. 1.The group, fed only the mixture of cholesterol and vitamin D2, showed significant increase of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total cholesterol, lipid LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid in serum, and total lipid in the liver (p<0.05) as comparing with normal group. The aorta showed severe damage of disorganization, necrosis and lipid deposition in the elastic membrane. 2. The group fed mixture of cholesterol and vitamin D2 plus diltiazem simultaneously, showed significant increase of total cholesterol, total lipid and phospholipid in serum, and total lipid and triglyceride n the liver (p<0.05) as comparing with normal group, but the significant decrease of calcium and inorganic phosphorus in serum(p<0.05) as comparing with the atherogenic control group. The aorta showed slight damage of elastic membrane and lipid deposition as comparing with the atherogenic control group. 3.The group, fed mixture of cholesterol and vitamin D2 puls $\beta$-glucan simultaneously, showed significant decrease of total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol, total lipid, phospholipid and triglyceride in serum, and total lipid in the liver as comparing with the atherogenic control group(p<0.05), but the significant increase of calcium in serum as comparing with the normal group(p<0.05). The aorta showed no changes in elastic fiber and no lipid deposition in comparing with the atherogenic control group.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.697-706
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• 2018

Lactobacillus pentosus K1-23 was selected from among 25 lactic acid bacterial strains owing to its high inhibitory activity against several pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, S. gallinarum, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, and Listeria monocytogenes. Additionally, among 13 strains of Aureobasidium spp., A. pullulans NRRL 58012 was shown to produce the highest amount of ${\beta}$-glucan ($15.45{\pm}0.07%$) and was selected. Next, the optimal conditions for a solid-phase mixed culture with these two different microorganisms (one bacterium and one yeast) were determined. The optimal inoculum sizes for L. pentosus and A. pullulans were 1% and 5%, respectively. The appropriate inoculation time for L. pentosus K1-23 was 3 days after the inoculation of A. pullulans to initiate fermentation. The addition of 0.5% corn steep powder and 0.1% $FeSO_4$ to the basal medium resulted in the increased production of lactic acid bacterial cells and ${\beta}$-glucan. The following optimal conditions for solid-phase mixed culture were also statistically determined by using the response surface method: $37.84^{\circ}C$, pH 5.25, moisture content of 60.82%, and culture time of 6.08 days for L. pentosus; and $24.11^{\circ}C$, pH 5.65, moisture content of 60.08%, and culture time of 5.71 days for A. pullulans. Using the predicted optimal conditions, the experimental production values of L. pentosus cells and ${\beta}$-glucan were $3.15{\pm}0.10{\times}10^8CFU/g$ and $13.41{\pm}0.04%$, respectively. This mixed culture may function as a highly efficient antibiotic substitute based on the combined action of its anti-pathogenic bacterial and immune-enhancing activities.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2000

Streptococcus mutans is the most important causative bacteria of dental caries among the oral bacteria. Lactococcus lactis 1370 was isolated from the oral cavity of child. The effect of Lactococcus lactis 1370 on the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was studied. 1. The insoluble substances and bacteria were much more attached on the wall of disposable cuvette in the culture of Streptococcus mutans than in the combined culture of Streptococcus mutans and Lactococcus lactis 1370. 2. The mean weight of produced artificial plaque on the wires in the beaker was 131.7 mg in the culture of Streptococcus mutans only, whereas being reduced to 6.4 mg in the combined culture of Streptococcus mutans and Lactococcus lactis 1370 (p<0.05). The viable cell didn't show the significant difference between them after culturing. 3. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 cultured in M17 broth containing 0.5% yeast extract and 5% sucrose, the mean weight of produced artificial plaque was 8.0 mg on the wires, whereas being 125.4 mg in the media without culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 (p<0.05). The viable cell didn't show the significant difference between them after culturing. 4. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing soluble polymer produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370, the mean weight of produced artificial plaque was significantly reduced compared with being cultured in the media without soluble polymer (p<0.05). The viable cell didn't show the significant difference between them after culturing. 5. The soluble polymer produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370 was glucan. 6. The glucan produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370 was water-soluble glucan containing ${\alpha}$-1,6-glucose linkage as the main linkage. These results suggest that the artificial plaque formed by Streptococcus mutans is inhibited by water-soluble glucan produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity of Paenibacillus (R) polymyxa JB 115 and single oral dose toxicity of culture broth containing (${\beta}$-glucan (CBG-JB 115) produced from P. polymyxa JB 115 in Sprague-Dawely rats of both sexes for 14 days. After oral administration of P. polymyxa JB 115 into rats, we could not find any abnormal clinical signs and variation in the body weight and temperature as compared with control group. We also investigated the acute toxicity of CBG-JB 115. As the results, there were no clinical signs and variance in the body weight and temperature related with CBG-JB 115 in comparison with the control group. From the this experiment, we could not find out any significant pathogenicity and toxicity induced by P. polymyxa JB 115 or by CBG-JB 115. Results of this study demonstrated that consumption of P. polymyxa JB 115 and its culture broth containing (${\beta}$-glucan was not associated with any obvious signs of toxicity in Sprague-Dawely rats even following consumption of large quantities.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2013

The main attributes of yogurt that affect consumer satisfaction are taste, consistency, and a firm texture. This study evaluates the influence of xanthan gum, barley beta-glucan, and guar gum in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% on probiotic yogurt. The set-type yogurt samples were prepared by using raw cow's milk. The statistical analysis showed that none of these gum additions had any marked effect on pH, titratable acidity, total solids content, and probiotic bacteria counts of yogurt samples. Evaluations for syneresis and water-holding capacity (WHC) in the yogurt samples were affected by the type and concentration of the stabilizer. Yogurts treated with 0.1% xanthan gum and 0.3% beta-glucan recorded the highest WHC and the least syneresis. The largest amount of gel firmness was recorded in yogurt samples treated with 0.2% xanthan gum and 0.3% beta-glucan. Yogurt samples treated with 0.1% xanthan gum and 0.3% beta-glucan were considered acceptable by trained panelists and gained the highest scores in sensory evaluations. The correlation coefficient between the amount of syneresis, WHC and stiffness of texture was significant compared to scores for sensory evaluation (p<0.01). Results for effects of guar gum on the tested parameters were contrary to the results expected from a gum. According to this study, the use of xanthan gum and beta-glucan are highly recommended for low-fat yogurt production.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2008

The effects of dietary yeast β-glucan administration on growth, nonspecific immune responses, serum lysozyme, skin mucous lysozyme, NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) reduction by phagocytes, and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica were evaluated. Fish were fed the diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1% and 0.5% of yeast β-glucan to a commercial diet for 6 weeks. The body weight gain from the fish fed on the 0.5% supplemented diet for 6 weeks was significantly higher than the control. Both serum and skin mucous lysozyme were significantly higher in the all experimental groups except 2 weeks of 0.5% group. The bactericidal activity of serum was slightly increased at 6 weeks. Also, The intracellular superoxide anion production of kidney phagocytes was significantly higher in the all experimental groups. The diet supplemented with 0.1% were also found to raise the relative percent survival (RPS) of Japanese eel after an artificial challenge with 1×107 cells of Edwardsiella tarda per fish. The results suggested the potential of yeast β-glucan to activate some innate immune responses and to improve the growth in Japanese eel.