• 한국균학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1989

전주시 완산공원(Cryptomeria japonica dominant forest) 및 두 해안지역(경북 신창리, Digitaria sanguinalis dominant; 아산군 삽교천 Pragmited communis dominant)에서 채취한 토양시료로부터 내생균근 균을 관찰하였다. Endogonales에 속하는 3개 속(Acaulospora, Glomus, Scutellospora)에 6개 종이 동정되었다 ; Aculospora bireticulata, Glomus clarum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus occultum, Scutellospora aurigloba, Scutellospora gilmorei.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

Resistance inductions on the leaves of cucumber plant by an arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus intraradices were investigated. In addition, the infection structures were observed at the penetration sites on the leaves of plant inoculated with Colletotrichum orbiculare using a fluorescence microscope. The severity of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare was significantly decreased on the leaves of cucumber plant colonized with G intraradices compared with those of non-treated control plants. As a positive control, pre-treatment with DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA) caused a remarkable reduction of the disease severity on the pathogen-inoculated leaves. There were no significant differences in the frequency of either germination or appressorium formation of the plant pathogen between mycorrhiza colonized and non-treated plants. It was also the same on the BABA pre-treated plants. However, the frequency of callose formation was significantly high on the leaves of G intraradices colonized plants compared to those of non-treated control plants at 5 days after challenge inoculation. On the leaves of BABA treated plants callose formation was not significantly high than those of non-treated, although the disease severity was more strongly suppressed. It was suggested that the resistance induced by colonization with G. intraradices might be related to the enhancement of callose formation at the penetrate sites on the leaves invaded by the pathogen, whereas resistance by BABA did not.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2003

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi naturally colonise American ginseng roots and this relationship is highly beneficial to enhance plant productivity. Our goal was to determine the effect of adding two Glomus species (Glomus etuticatum, G. intraradices) on survival, photosynthetic capacity, growth, morphology and root ginsenoside content of one-year-old American ginseng plants grown in a broadleaf forest. While our study revealed that VAM inoculations significantly affected root morphology and Re ginsenoside content, the survival, photosynthetic capacity and root growth of American ginseng plants were not significantly influenced by VAM inoculations. Surface area and volume of rootlets were 16-25% higher for ginseng grown in VAM-inoculated soil compared to those grown in the control plots. Also, Re ginsenoside content was 18 ％ higher in YAM-inoculated roots compared to controls.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

Background: Glomus intraradices is a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that, as an obligate endomycorrhiza, can form mutually beneficial associations with plants. Panax ginseng is a popular traditional Chinese medicine; however, problems associated with ginseng planting, such as pesticide residues, reduce the ginseng quality. Methods: In this experiment, we studied the effect of inoculating G. intraradices on several physiological properties and microbial communities of ginseng. UV-Visible Spectrum method was used to detect physical properties. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method was used to analyze microbial communities. Results: The results indicated that inoculation with G. intraradices can improve the colonization rate of lateral ginseng roots, increase the levels of monomeric and total ginsenosides, and improve root activity as well as polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities. We also studied the bacterial and fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheric soil. In our study, G. intraradices inoculation improved the abundance and Shannon diversity of bacteria, whereas fungi showed a reciprocal effect. Furthermore, we found that G. intraradices inoculation might increase some beneficial bacterial species and decreased pathogenic fungi in rhizospheric soil of ginseng. Conclusion: Our results showed that G. intraradices can benefit ginseng planting which may have some instructive and practical significance for planting ginseng in farmland.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 인삼(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) 재배 토양에서 수지상균근균(AMF)의 포자를 분리하여 동정하고 재배기간 별 AMF 다양성을 확인하였다. 충남 금산지역의 재배 기간 1~5년의 인삼 재배지에서 토양을 채집하였다. 인삼 재배지에 분포하는 AMF의 포자를 분리하여 형태 및 분자생물학적 동정을 한 결과, Acaulospora longula, Archaeospora trappei, Glomus caledonium, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus sp., Paraglomus occultum, Paraglomus brasilianum Scutellospora heterogama 등 총 5속 10종이 동정되었다. 연구 결과 재배기간이 오래 될수록 토양 내에 분포하는 수지상균근균의 종 다양성지수와 균등도는 유의미한 차이를 보이며 감소하였다. 그러나 A. trappei 는 재배 기간이 오래될수록 상대수도가 증가하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

The colonization of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices BEG110 in the soil caused a decrease in disease severity in cucumber plants after fungal inoculation with Colletotrichum orbiculare. In order to illustrate the resistance mechanism mediated by G. intraradices BEG110, infection patterns caused by C. orbiculare in the leaves of cucumber plants and the host cellular responses were characterized. These properties were characterized using transmission electron microscopy on the leaves of cucumber plants grown in soil colonized with G. intraradices BEG110. In the untreated plants, inter- and intra-cellular fungal hyphae were observed throughout the leaf tissues during both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of infection. The cytoplasm of fungal hyphae appeared intact during the biotrophic phase, suggesting no defense response against the fungus. However, several typical resistance responses were observed in the plants when treated with G. intraradices BEG110 including the formation of sheaths around the intracellular hyphae or a thickening of host cell walls. These observations suggest that the resistance mediated by G. intraradices BEG110 most often occurs in the symplast of the host cells rather than in the apoplast. In addition, this resistance is similar to those mediated by biotic inducers such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 5 종의 수지상균근균을 인삼(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.)의 묘에 처리하여 인삼의 생장에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 수지상균근균 5종(Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora longula, Acaulospora trappei)의 접종원을 발아 후 60일이 지난 인삼묘에 접종하여 120일간 키운 후 인삼의 건조중량, 지상부의 크기 및 엽록소 형광을 측정하였다. 그 결과 수지상균근균을 접종한 인삼의 생장이 대조구에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었으며, 접종한 수지상균근균의 균주(종)에 따라 차이를 보였다. 특히, Glomus intraradices가 다른 종에 비해 인삼의 생장에 미치는 효과가 크게 나타났으며, 엽록소형광 값은 모든 종에 대하여 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2003

조사지역의 평균 토양화학성은 pH 5.93, 유기물함량 $25.9g\;kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 $742mg\;kg^{-1}$, $NO_3-N$ $44.7mg\;kg^{-1}$ 이었으며, 토양 1 g당 균근균 포자는 양파 12.1, 마늘 11.7, 고추 10.1로 작물별 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 토성에 따른 포자수는 식토와 미사질 식토에서 토양 1 g 당 15개 이상의 포자밀도를 보였으며, 토양 pH, OM, $NO_3-N$, Av. $P_2O_5$등 토양양분함량과 포자밀도는 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나, 포자수는 양분농도와 관계없이 일정한 수준을 보였다. 종이 확인된 균근균 수집 포자는 Glomus속 2종과 Gigaspora속 3종으로 Glomus clarum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum와 Gigaspora rosea, Gigaspora margarita 등 이었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2011

Nuclear distribution within the extra-radical fungal structures and during spore production in the arbuscular mycorrhizae fungus Glomus intraradices was examined using an in vitro monoxenic culture system. A di-compartmental monoxenic culture system was modified using a nitrocellulose membrane and a coverglass slip for detailed observations. Nuclear distribution was observed using the fluorescent DNA binding probes SYBR Green I and DAPI. Both septate and non-septate mycelial regions were observed, but cytoplasmic contents were only found within non-septate mycelia. Nuclear fluorescent staining revealed that the non-septate hyphal region contained nuclei only with cytoplasm, and that nuclear distribution was limited by septa. Swollen hyphal bodies were often associated with septate and empty-looking hyphae. Cytoplasmic contents filled the swollen hyphal body from the non-septate hyphal region following removal of the septa. As a consequence, the swollen body developed into a new spore. These observations provide understanding about the distribution of AM fungal nuclei within extra-radical mycelia and during spore formation. The results suggest a mechanism by which the development of a cytoplasm-containing mycelium is controlled by the formation or removal of septa to efficiently maintain and proliferate essential contents. This mechanism may provide a survival strategy to the fungus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2004

To investigate protective activity in pepper plants, which were pre-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus intra radices (Gi), against pathogenic strain Phytophthora capsici (Pc), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antioxidant enzymes were examined. The growth of root and shoot was the highest in peppers inoculated with G. intraradices, compared with non-inoculated control plants and those challenged by the pathogen with and without mycorrhizae after nine days of infection. Mycorrhizal colonization rate was reduced by about 10% in pathogen-challenged plants, but disease pressure was reduced. The activities of PR proteins, $\beta$-1- 3-glucanase and chitinase, were increased in Pc-treated plants compared to Gi+Pc-treated plants in leaves, but those in roots were suppressed. Superoxide dismutase activity and $H_2O_2${/TEX> content in Gi+Pc and Pc-treated plants were gradually increased in leaves. However, those in roots continuously increased up to 5 days, and then decreased dramatically. Peroxidase activity in leaves and roots increased after P. capsici infection both in plants inoculated with or without G. intraradices. These results suggest that AM fungi, G. intra radices, potentially act as one of the protective agents against plant pathogens. Changes of PR proteins and antioxidative enzymes in mycorrhizae-inoculated pepper appear to be regulated differently in leaves and roots by pathogen infection.