• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

Genome mining has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to discover novel microbial secondary metabolites. However, more than 50% of biosynthetic gene clusters are not transcribed under standardized laboratory culture condition. Several methods have been applied to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters in the microbes so far. Among the regulatory systems for production of secondary metabolites, global regulators, which affect transcription of genes through regulatory cascades, typically govern the production of small molecules. In this review, global regulators to affect production of microbial secondary metabolites were discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Serine and arginine-rich (SR) proteins are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) known as constitutive and alternative splicing regulators. As splicing is linked to transcriptional and post-transcriptional steps, SR proteins are implicated in the regulation of multiple aspects of the gene expression program. Recent global analyses of SR-RNA interaction maps have advanced our understanding of SR-regulated gene expression. Diverse SR proteins play partially overlapping but distinct roles in transcription-coupled splicing and mRNA processing in the nucleus. In addition, shuttling SR proteins act as adaptors for mRNA export and as regulators for translation in the cytoplasm. This mini-review will summarize the roles of SR proteins as RNA binders, regulators, and connectors from transcription in the nucleus to translation in the cytoplasm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1216-1226
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• 2015

GlxR is considered as a global transcriptional regulator controlling a large number of genes having broad physiological aspects in Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, the expression profile revealing the transcriptional control of glxR has not yet been studied in detail. DNA affinity chromatography experiments revealed the binding of transcriptional regulators SucR, RamB, GlxR, and a GntR-type protein (hereafter denoted as GntR3) to the upstream region of glxR. The binding of different regulators to the glxR promoter was confirmed by EMSA experiments. The expression of glxR was analyzed in detail under various carbon sources in the wild-type and different mutant strains. The sucR and gntR3 deletion mutants showed decreased glxR promoter activities, when compared with the wild type, irrespective of the carbon sources. The promoter activity of glxR was derepressed in the ramB deletion mutant under all the tested carbon sources. These results indicate that SucR and GntR3 are acting as activators of GlxR, while RamB plays a repressor. As expected, the expression of glxR in the cyaB and glxR deletion mutants was derepressed under different media conditions, indicating that GlxR is autoregulated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2016

PikD is a widely known pathway-specific regulator for controlling pikromycin production in Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439, which is a representative of the large ATP-binding regulator of the LuxR family (LAL) in Streptomyces sp. RapH and FkbN also belong to the LAL family of transcriptional regulators, which show greatest homology with the ATP-binding motif and helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif of PikD. Overexpression of pikD and heterologous expression of rapH and fkbN led to enhanced production of pikromycin by approximately 1.8-, 1.6-, and 1.6-fold in S. venezuelae, respectively. Cross-complementation of rapH and fkbN in the pikD deletion mutant (ΔpikD) restored pikromycin and derived macrolactone production. Overall, these results show that heterologous expression of rapH and fkbN leads to the overproduction of pikromycin and its congeners from the pikromycin biosynthetic pathway in S. venezuelae, and they have the same functionality as the pathwayspecific transcriptional activator for the pikromycin biosynthetic pathway in the ΔpikD strain. These results also show extensive "cross-communication" between pathway-specific regulators of streptomycetes and suggest revision of the current paradigm for pathwayspecific versus global regulation of secondary metabolism in Streptomyces species.

• 법제연구
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• 제53호
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• pp.213-267
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• 2017

핀테크 장벽 중 가장 두터운 것은 규제적 장벽인데, 이는 많은 기술 혁신가들이 줄곧 경험해 온 문제이다. 비록 기술적 솔루션들이 보다 저렴하고 안전한 금융서비스를 약속하지만, 핀테크 산업 내에서의 혁신을 가능하도록 하는 규제를 창설하는 것이 큰 과제이다. 특히, 핀테크 관련 사업자는 어느 특정한 규제보다는 관련 규제를 둘러싼 모호함과 혼란을 더큰 쟁점으로 받아들일 수 있다. 다수의 핀테크 모델들이 금융서비스 공급을 위해 새롭고 혁신적인 방식들을 지속적으로 도입하고 있기 때문에, 기존의 규제 및 법원칙을 적용함에 있어 상당한 혼란이 야기될 수 있으며, 또한, 대규모의 금융회사에 적용되는 복잡한 규제적 준법 모델들을 소규모의 신생 기업들(start-ups)에 적용시키는 것이 적정한지 여부도 문제이다. 이는 다수의 기존 규제와 원칙이 모바일 장치, 전자상거래, 인터넷 등을 고려하지 않고 수립 도입되었기 때문이기도 하다. 이에 핀테크 사업의 성장을 위해 규제 정보에 신속하고 저비용으로 접근할 수 있는 방안이 반드시 마련되어야 한다. 이러한 문제들에 대한 적절한 해답을 찾기위하여, 규제 기관, 기술 개발자, 그리고 금융소비자들의 상호 협력해야만한다. 다수의 금융당국들이 서비스 공급자들에게는 그들의 혁신을 테스트해볼 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 동시에 규제기관에게는 상품의 리스크를 파악할 수 있는 시간을 제공하는 규제 샌드박스(Regulatory Sandbox) 제도를도입하고 있다. 그러나, 자체적인 한계를 가진 규제 샌드박스의 도입만으로는 핀테크 혁신을 실질적으로 이루어지기에 충분한 환경을 창설하여주지는 못한다. 따라서 금융당국은 샌드박스에만 의존하기 보다는 핀테크생태계의 지원을 위하여 보다 포괄적이고 다면적인 노력을 하여야 한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.1077-1085
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• 2020

This research is a literacy study regarding the implementation and management of the economic role of haria as a new strategy in overcoming the problem of the global financial crisis that has hit the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method comes from previous studies to compare the capitalist, socialist, and sharia economic systems. In response to various economic uncertainties, both internal and external, the ability to seize opportunities and transform has become the key to economic resilience. Islamic economics can be an alternative in responding to the dynamics of the global and national economy. Several things need to be taken into consideration in fulfilling the sharia economy and the primary strategy chosen must come from the inputs given by the stakeholders, including business actors, associations, regulators as well as experts, and academicians. The primary strategy in implementing the sharia economy also requires the support of various parties in order to develop sustainability. Strengthening regulation and governance is one of the fundamental factors. Optimization of the sharia economy based social sector such as Zakat, Infaq, Sadaqah, and Waqaf can be optimized both for collection and distribution so that the concept of sharing can certainly support the development and the economy both nationally and globally.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.323-326
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• 2009

SR proteins are essential splicing regulators and also modulate alternative splicing events, which function both as redundant and substrate-specific manner. The Drosophila B52/SRp55, a member of the SR protein family, is essential for the fly development in vivo, as deletion of B52 gene results in lethality of animals at the second instar larval stage. Identification of the splicing target genes of B52 thus should be crucial for the understanding of the specific developmental role of B52 in vivo. In this study, we performed whole-genome DNA microarray experiments with a B52- knock-out animal. Analysis of the microarray data not only provided the B52-dependent gene expression signature, but also revealed a larval-stage specific, alternative splicing target gene of B52. Our result thus provides a starting point to understand the essential function of B52 at the organismal level.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2021

This study aimed to examine the effect of corporate characteristics, including the industrial sector and scale of operation, financial leverage, profitability, operating period, and social reputation, on socio-ecological responsibility based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The study was conducted in the Indonesian context. A total of 90 public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange were selected as samples, with an observation period of 10 years. A univariate regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the industrial sector, scale of operation, financial leverage, profitability, operating period, and social reputation of the corporate had a positive effect on socio-ecological responsibility. This study also obtained evidence that there were differences in the level of socio-ecological responsibility among the industrial sectors. The higher the relationship between the industrial sector and the possibility of the emergence of social and environmental issues, the higher the level of corporate socio-ecological responsibility. From a policy perspective, the implication of the results of this study was that it could be used as a consideration by the authorities or regulators in Indonesia, particularly the Financial Services Authority (OJK), in determining specific indicators of socio-ecological responsibility that must be carried out by corporates.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.221-262
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• 2003

In recent years, information technological revolution of using Internet in the Stock Market has shown reconsideration of Securities and Exchange Law. Since the 1998 Taipei Conference, ILA have studied upon it and presented 6th Interim Report during the 2000 London Conference. This paper summarizes a part of the 6th Interim Report. The Internet has created a medium to which traditional principles of jurisdiction may not have full relevance. To understand the jurisdictional issues posed by this new medium, we should first review the traditional principles of jurisdiction under international, U. S. law and Other Countries law. In previous reports, the general principles of jurisdiction in international law have been described. These principles are, however, difficult to apply in the context of Internet and other forms of computerized securities trading. Regulators all over the world are trying to address and solve jurisdictional issues raised by the Internet. The traditional rules of jurisdiction in international law, grounded as they are on a geography-based approach, may be in the process of being undermined by the Internet and other global networks allowing for remote access to information and to markets.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2017

When peripheral axons are damaged, neuronal injury signaling pathways induce transcriptional changes that support axon regeneration and consequent functional recovery. The recent development of bioinformatics techniques has allowed for the identification of many of the regeneration-associated genes that are regulated by neural injury, yet it remains unclear how global changes in transcriptome are coordinated. In this article, we review recent studies on the epigenetic mechanisms orchestrating changes in gene expression in response to nerve injury. We highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in discriminating efficient axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system and very limited axon regrowth in the central nervous system and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic regulators to improve neural recovery.