• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2009

In our previous study, we have shown that berberine has both anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the anti-adipogenic effect is due to the down-regulation of adipogenic enzymes and transcription factors. Here we focused more on anti-inflammatory effect of berberine using real time RT-PCR and found it changes expressions of adipokines. We hypothesized that anti-adipogenicity of berberine mediates anti-inflammtory effect and explored leptin as a candidate mediator of this signaling. We studied this hypothesis by western blot analysis, but our results showed that berberine has no effect on the phosphorylations of STAT-3 and ERK which have important roles on leptin signaling. These results led us to conclude that the anti-inflammatory effect of berberine is not mediated by the inhibition of leptin signal transduction. Moreover, we have found that berberine down-regulates NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling, one of the inflammation-related signaling pathway, through western blot analysis. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory effect of berberine is not mediated by leptin, and berberine induces anti-inflammatory effect independent of leptin signaling.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2020

전세계적으로 인터넷사용이 보편화 되면서 디지털마케팅이 광고매체로서 커다란 비중을 가지게되었다. 적은 비용으로 효과가 큰 디지털마케팅 도구로는 웹사이트, 눈, 블로그, 검색광고, 온라인 배너, 메일링, 유트브 등이 있으며 이는 전세계의 대부분 기업들이 이들중 하나 이상을 디지털마케팅에 활용하고 있디. 이러한 환경에서 하나 이상의 해외 법인을 가지고 있는 글로벌 기업들은 디지털 마케팅 추진전략수립 및 이행방법에 대해 많은 관심을 갖게되었다. 그러나 디지털 마케팅의 필요성과 추진전략에 대한 연구는 다수가 이루어지고 있으나 실제 적용할 수 있는 구체적인 이행방법 모델에 대한 연구는 전무한 상황이다. 따라서, 본연구에서는 글로벌 중소기업에 적합한 디지털 마케팅을 정의하고 추진전략수립 모델 및 구체적인실행방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 통해 범용적인 중소기업 글로벌 디지털 마케팅전략 수립방안에 기여하고자 한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2013

We examined the effect of parental folate deficiency on the folate content, global DNA methylation, folate receptor-alpha (FR${\alpha}$), insulin-like-growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and -1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the liver and plasma homocysteine in the postnatal rat. Male and female rats were randomly fed a folic acid-deficient (paternal folate-deficient, PD and maternal folate-deficient, MD), or folic acid-supplemented diet (paternal folate-supplemented, PS and maternal-folate-supplemented, MS) for four weeks. They were mated and grouped accordingly: $PS{\times}MS$, $PS{\times}MD$, $PD{\times}MS$, and $PD{\times}MD$. Pups were killed on day 21 of lactation. The hepatic folate content was markedly reduced in the $PD{\times}MD$ and $PS{\times}MD$ and $PD{\times}MS$ as compared with the $PS{\times}MS$ group. The hepatic global DNA methylation was decreased in the $PD{\times}MS$ and $PS{\times}MD$ groups as much as in the $PD{\times}MD$ group, and all the three groups were significantly lower as compared to the $PS{\times}MS$ group. There were no significant differences in the hepatic FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R expressions among the groups. Positive correlations were found between the hepatic folate content and global DNA methylation and protein expressions of FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R, whereas an inverse correlation was found between hepatic folate content and plasma homocysteine level in the 3-week-old rat pup. The results of this study show that both paternal and maternal folate deficiency at mating can influence the folate content and global DNA methylation in the postnatal rat liver.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.592-608
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• 2014

This paper reviews Operations Research (OR)/Management Science (MS) in Korea. After a brief survey of global OR/MS, this paper analyzes the research trend in Korea over the past forty years with respect to approach, methods, types of data, and so on. The OR/MS application and practice in Korea are also surveyed and the change of them with time is shown. To do this, we refer to four main OR/MS journals published in Korea. The future of OR/MS is discussed in practice, methods to problem-solving, and education.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-69
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• 2014

The 2009 L'Aquila, Italy earthquake shook a high density area causing a wide spectrum of damage to reinforced concrete with infill buildings, one of the most common building types used in Italy. The earthquake has proven to be a "full-scale" laboratory to further understand building performance. This paper presents the first results of a joint research effort between the University of Bologna and Degenkolb Engineers, aimed at investigating the seismic behavior of an infilled frame building that collapsed during the earthquake. State-of-the-practice techniques were implemented as a way to determine the reliability of these modeling techniques in anticipating the observed building performance. The main results indicate that: (i) the state-of-the-practice techniques are able to predict the observed behavior of the buildings; (ii) the masonry infills have a great influence on the behavior of the building in terms of stiffness, strength and global ductility.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.47-84
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• 2007

The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits ("UCP") may be treated as a useful laboratory for studying the scope and limitations of self regulation. This is due to its almost universal success on a global stage which provides it a perspective rarely available for self regulatory provisions and due to extensive experience of judicial review of it. In this sense, it is worthwhile to examine in brief the latest iteration of the UCP, Publication No. 600 ("UCP600"). This article describes and analyze some of core provisions of the UCP600 from the perspective of their adequacy as an exercise in self regulation. It is attempted first in view of several categories of private rulemaking; definitional rulemaking, default rules, procedural rules, and remedies. After that, it is examined second in view of sound rulemaking which is related to the relative role of law and practice. It points out rich and varied insights into the possibilities and problems associated with private rulemaking in connection with commercial transactions.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2013

When the formative construct is placed in the endogenous position, there are clear theoretical, mathematical, and empirical issues in model estimation. Nonetheless, scholars who have adopted structural equation modeling for empirical research and those who are engaged in debates on the viability of formative modeling fail to recognize the fundamental problems of employing formative measurement in the endogenous position. This manuscript is intended to set a corrective path by discussing three reasons why this frequented practice may be avoided in both theoretical and empirical research.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

This study is to validate the K University daylight measurement system according to the CIE guide of recommended practice of daylight measurement. In this study global irradiance, illuminance, direct normal illuminance, diffuse irradiance, illuminance and vertical illuminances(North, West, South, East) were measured and compared in accordance with the CIE quality control test. Field monitoring was conducted from 1st August to 15th August 2010. Results for the CIE tests 1 to 4 showed an accuracy of 100%. This indicates that the K University daylight measurement system is reliable and the measurement data would be useful for further daylight researches.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.294-312
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• 2023

Heart failure (HF) is a global health problem closely related to morbidity and mortality. As the burden of HF increases, it is necessary to manage and treat this condition well. However, there are differences between real-world practice and guidelines for the optimal treatment for HF. Patient-related, healthcare provider-related, and health system-related factors contribute to poor adherence to optimal care. This review article aims to examine HF treatment patterns and treatment adherence in real-world practice, identify clinical gaps to suggest ways to improve the quality of care for HF and clinical outcomes for patients with HF. Although it is important to optimize treatment based on evidence-based guidelines to the greatest extent, it is known that there is still poor treatment adherence, and many patients do not receive guideline-directed medical therapy, especially at the early stages. To improve medication adherence, qualitative evaluation through performance measurement, as well as education of patients, caregivers and medical staff through a multidisciplinary approach are important.

• 정보학연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2002

국내시장과는 환경과 여건이 판이한 해외시장을 표적시장(target market)으로 하는 국제마케팅은 시장자체의 형태가 천차만별일 뿐만 아니라 그 시장을 형성하는 상황, 시장구조 등이 전혀 다르며 다이나믹하게 급변하고 있다. 이러한 시장을 유지, 확대, 개척한다는 것은 효율적인 교역촉진의 수행 없이는 매우 어렵다. 보다 진보적이고 마케팅 정보를 토대로 하여 보다 세분화되고 구체화된 마케팅믹스 전략을 수행하는 것이 궁극적 목표이다.