• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

In Korea, a budget of tens of trillion won is put into the national R & D project every year. Thanks to these efforts, Korea's ICT industry is gaining global attention. However, there are still a lot of problems that are lacking in terms of the cycle of managing national ICT R&D projects. In particular, the issue of sharing is very insufficient throughout the cycle of the national ICT R&D. In this paper, In this paper, We propose a platfom that can be shared throughout the cycle of managing blockchain-based national ICT R&D projects. This platform we call the Perfect Sharing Project Platform (PSPP). We describe that PSPP can achieve excellent research results through information sharing of project process[1-2]. To support the perfect sharing, this platform uses a new notion of consensus algorithm, called POA (Proof of Atomicity). This platform is suitable for sharing information.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.94-98
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• 2023

This study analyzes the combat case involving military drones during the Azerbaijan-Armenian War, which erupted on September 27, 2020. The background of the war revealed that Azerbaijan extensively and aggressively employed offensive drones, which played a decisive role in reshaping the dynamics of the battlefield. Despite Azerbaijan's GDP of $4.639, which corresponds to the level of a developing country, and its 64th rank in global military strength, the country boldly allocated a significant portion of its budget to develop its drone capabilities in preparation for the war. As a result, Azerbaijan effectively utilized offensive drones acquired from Turkey and Israel to neutralize hundreds of tanks, armored vehicles, artillery units, and air defense systems. The purpose of this study is to examine this context and explore how our Korean military organization can enhance its combat capabilities by developing a drone combat system, thereby enabling an effective response posture against multifaceted threats.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.12
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• pp.1216-1227
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• 2013

GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) is now being widely used in both civilian and military applications where accurate positioning and timing information are required and it is considered as a representative convergence technique in IT-Military application techniques. However, GNSS has low sensitivity level of GNSS receivers and is vulnerable to jamming signal, since the signals come from the satellite located at approximately 20,000 Km above the earth. The studies for the anti-jamming techniques in military applications have been passively performed in the domestic, because the information related GNSS are dependent on the countries that have GNSS. In this paper, we show the effect of jammer ERP by analyzing the link budget of GPS J/S power as a function of distance between jammer and receiver. Also, we categorize the anti-jamming techniques based on the functional block diagram of GNSS receiver structure and analyze the recent anti-jamming GNSS products and their technologies developed in domestic and foreign countries.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 2004

The simple biosphere model 2 (SiB2), which is one of the land surface models, simulates the exchange of momentum, energy and mass such as water vapor and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and biosphere, and includes the biochemical sub-model for representation of stomatal conductance and photosynthetical activities. Throughout the SiB2 simulation, the significant information not only to understand of water and carbon budget but also to make an analysis of interaction such as feed-back and-forward between environment and vegetation is given. Using revised SiB2-Paddy, one sample study which is the evaluation of the runoff in Chaophraya river basin according to land use/cover change is presented in this review. Hence, SiB2 is available in order to ecological studied, if revised SiB2 for realistic simulation about soil respiration, computing leaf area index, vegetation competition and soil moisture is improved.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.470-478
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• 2020

In this paper, a theoretical model that separates one single conversion factor into two conversion factors for both outpatients and inpatients is introduced. By using hypothetical numbers, two conversion factors and an adjustment factor were calculated. The major implications are as follows. Firstly, by introducing two conversion factors, a minimum incentive mechanism for admitting outpatients to a clinic and high risk inpatients to a hospital was installed. Secondly, the introduction of two conversion factors decreased the drive to admit outpatients to a hospital by reducing the economic benefits for the hospital. Thirdly, it is possible to make explicit contracts for several factors rather than a single conversion factor, so that it can be used as an appropriate management tool for rapidly increasing medical expenses. Finally, this research can be used to set up policy tools to establish a proper healthcare delivery system in Korea by inducing behavioral changes in healthcare institutions.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2020

Climate change is getting worse in the 21st century. So, water shortages are expanding worldwide. Carbon dioxide generated from the use of fossil fuels is 80% of the total green house gas. Because it occupies, it has become a factor of global warming. Therefore, the importance of water treatment membrane, gas separation membrane, and secondary battery separation membrane is increasing, but it occupies technology in developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. Therefore, the advancement of membrane technology is urgently required. So, although the country supports a lot of research budgets, We will analyze the results using NTIS data. As a result of the analysis used, it is supported mainly for short-term tasks, and the research budget is small compared to other technical fields, so the basic material field technology is weak. Therefore, when we invest a lot of long-term tasks, with a lot of budget, and universities, membrane technology has been improved and competitiveness has been strengthened.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2006

The surface temperature and hydrological budget for the last glacial maximum (LGM) is simulatedwith an atmospheric general circulation model of NCAR CCM3 at spectral truncation of T170, corespondingto a grid cel size of roughly 75 km. LGM simulations were forced with the reconstructed CLIMAP sea surface temperatures, sea ice distribution, ice sheet topography, reduced CO2, and orbital parameters.oC in winter, 5.6oC in sumer,and 6oC annual-mean. The decrease of surface temperature leads to a weakening of the hydrologicalcycle. Global-mean precipitation decreases by about 14% in winter, 17% in summer, and 13% annually.However, some regions such as the U.S., southern Europe, northern and eastern Africa, and the SouthAmerica appear to be weter in the LGM winter and Canada and the Midle East are weter in sumer. model captures detailed climate features over land.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2014

This study was conducted to quantify a carbon budget of major vegetation types established in the campus of the National Institute of Ecology (NIE). Carbon budget was measured for Pinus thunbergii and Castanea crenata stands as the existing vegetation. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) was determined by applying allometric method and soil respiration was measured by EGM-4. Heterotrophic respiration was calculated as 55% of total respiration based on the existing results. Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) was determined by the difference between NPP and heterotrophic respiration (HR). NPPs of P. thunbergii and C. crenata stands were shown in $4.9ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ and $5.3ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Heterotrophic respirations of P. thunbergii and C. crenata stands were shown in $2.4ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ and $3.5ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. NEPs of P. thunbergii and C. crenata stands were shown in $2.5ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ and $1.8ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Carbon absorption capacity for the whole set of vegetation types established in the NIE was estimated by applying NEP indices obtained from current study and extrapolating NEP indices from existing studies. The value was shown in $147.6ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ and it was calculated as $541.2ton\;CO_2ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ converted into $CO_2$. This function corresponds to 62% of carbon emission from energy that NIE uses for operation of various facilities including the glass domes known in Ecorium. This carbon offset capacity corresponds to about five times of them of the whole national territory of Korea and the representative rural area, Seocheongun. Considered the fact that ongoing climate change was originated from imbalance of carbon budget at the global level, it is expected that evaluation on carbon budget in the spatial dimension reflected land use pattern could provide us baseline information being required to solve fundamentally climate change problem.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2010

As the Korean economy went into a recession because of the global financial crisis in 2008, in order to vitalize the Korean economy, the government raised SOC budget and made its execution earlier. To prevent increases in budget for the government financial investment projects, the government controlled the project cost of SOC construction projects by enacting 'Guideline for total project cost management' in 1994 and complementing the relevant system. However, different from government intention, the total project cost of SOC projects were increased drastically. Hence, the government authorities and research institutions insisted the necessity of supplementation and improvement for the total project cost management system. This research is to provide the improvement for the total project cost management system of domestic SOC projects. In this research, As-Is Model was adjusted considering status of the total project cost management in the current SOC projects. Also the cost management of construction projects between domestic and other developed countries was studied, analyzed and compared. Based on the above, problems related to total project cost management of domestic SOC projects were found out and an improved total project cost management was provided to improve these problems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.385-390
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• 2006

This paper examines the sampling and jitter specifications and considerations for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) software receivers. Software radio (SWR) technologies are being used in the implementation of communication receivers in general and GNSS receivers in particular. With the advent of new GPS signals, and a range of new Galileo and GLONASS signals soon becoming available, GNSS is an application where SWR and software-defined radio (SDR) are likely to have an impact. The sampling process is critical for SWR receivers, where it occurs as close to the antenna as possible. One way to achieve this is by BandPass Sampling (BPS), which is an undersampling technique that exploits aliasing to perform downconversion. BPS enables removal of the IF stage in the radio receiver. The sampling frequency is a very important factor since it influences both receiver performance and implementation efficiency. However, the design of BPS can result in degradation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) due to the out-of-band noise being aliased. Important to the specification of both the ADC and its clocking Phase- Locked Loop (PLL) is jitter. Contributing to the system jitter are the aperture jitter of the sample-and-hold switch at the input of ADC and the sampling-clock jitter. Aperture jitter effects have usually been modeled as additive noise, based on a sinusoidal input signal, and limits the achievable Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Jitter in the sampled signal has several sources: phase noise in the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) within the sampling PLL, jitter introduced by variations in the period of the frequency divider used in the sampling PLL and cross-talk from the lock line running parallel to signal lines. Jitter in the sampling process directly acts to degrade the noise floor and selectivity of receiver. Choosing an appropriate VCO for a SWR system is not as simple as finding one with right oscillator frequency. Similarly, it is important to specify the right jitter performance for the ADC. In this paper, the allowable sampling frequencies are calculated and analyzed for the multiple frequency BPS software radio GNSS receivers. The SNR degradation due to jitter in a BPSK system is calculated and required jitter standard deviation allowable for each GNSS band of interest is evaluated. Furthermore, in this paper we have investigated the sources of jitter and a basic jitter budget is calculated that could assist in the design of multiple frequency SWR GNSS receivers. We examine different ADCs and PLLs available in the market and compare known performance with the calculated budget. The results obtained are therefore directly applicable to SWR GNSS receiver design.