• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.60-60
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• 2009

본 연구는 보론이 첨가된 저합금강 용접 열영향부에서의 보론 편석 거동 연구를 위해 보론이 10ppm 첨가된 저합금강을 이용하여 다양한 용접 입열량 및 외부 응력에 따른 용접부 CGHAZ의 보론 편석거동을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 Gleeble 시스템을 이용하여 다양한 입열량에 따른 CGHAZ를 열 및 열-응력 사이클을 통하여 재현하였다. 재현된 시편의 미세조직은 OM을 통하여 분석하고, 보론의 편석거동을 SIMS와 PTA 분석법을 통하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 입열량에 따른 보론의 편석 거동은 최초 입열량이 증가함에 따라 보론의 편석이 증가하다가 다시 감소하였는데 이는 비평형 편석 후 고온에서 유지시간이 길어짐에 따라 back diffusion 발생에 따른 영향으로 판단된다. 또한 외부 응력에 의한 보론 편석 거동 분석 결과, 용접 열 사이클 중 작용하는 외부 응력에 의해 결정립계 편석 감소하였는데 이는 외부 응력에 의한 오스테나이트 결정립 크기 감소에 따른 결정립계 증가의 영향으로 판단된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2008

The hot deformation characteristics of pure molybdenum was investigated in the temperature range of $600{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range of $0.01{\sim}10.0/s$ using a Gleeble test machine. The power dissipation map for hot working was developed on the basis of the Dynamic Materials Model. According to the map, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs in the temperature range of $1000{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ and the strain rate range of $0.01{\sim}10.0/s$, which are the optimum conditions for hot working of this material. The average grain size after DRX is $5{\mu}m$. The material undergoes flow instabilities at temperatures of $900{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and the strain rates of $0.01{\sim}10.0/s$, as calculated by the continuum instability criterion.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2012

With the increasing demand for light-weight materials to reduce fuel consumption, the automobile industry has extensively studied magnesium alloys which are light weight metals. The intrinsic poor formability and poor ductility at ambient temperature due to the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure and the associated insufficient number of independent slip systems restricts the practical usage of these alloys. Hot working of magnesium alloys using a forging or extrusion enables net-shape manufacturing with enhanced formability and ductility since there are several operative non-basal slip systems in addition to basal slip plane, which increases the workability. In this research, the thermomechanical properties of AZ80 Mg alloy were obtained by compression testing at the various temperatures and strain rates. Optical microscopy and EBSD were used to study the microstructural behavior such as misorientation distribution and dynamic recrystallization. The results were correlated to the hardening and the softening of the alloy. The experimental data in conjunction with a physical explanation provide the optimal conditions for net-shape forging under hot or warm temperatures through control of the grain refinement and the working conditions.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2013

The influence of thermo-mechanical cycling on the microstructure and strength in the weld coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of Ti-Nb added low carbon HSLA steel was explored through Vickers hardness tests, nanoindentation experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Undeformed and deformed CGHAZs were simulated using Gleeble simulator with different heat inputs of 30kJ/cm and 300kJ/cm. At high heat input of 300kJ/cm, the CGHAZ consisted of ferrite and pearlite and then their grain sizes were not affected by deformation. At low heat input of 30kJ/cm, the CGHAZ consisted of lath martensite and then the sizes of prior austenite grain, packet and lath width decreased with deformation. In addition, the fraction of particle increased with deformation and this is because the precipitation kinetics was accelerated by deformation. Meanwhile, the Vickers and nanoindentation hardness of deformed CGHAZ with 30kJ/cm heat input were higher than those of undeformed CGHAZ, which are due to the effect of grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1995

A study was made to characterize the microstructures and mechanical properties of the base metal and the heat-affected zone(HAZ) in Cu-bearing HSLA-100 steel. The Gleeble thermal/mechanical simulator was used to simulated the weld HAZ. The relationship between microstructure and toughness of HAZ was studied by impact test, O. M, SEM, TEM, and DSC. The toughness requirement of military specification value was met in all test temperatures for the base metal. The decrease of HAZ toughness comparing to base plate is ascribed to the coarsed-grain and the formation of bainite. Obliquely sectioned Charpy specimens show that secondary crack propagate easily along bainite lath. Improved toughness(240J) at HAZ of $Tp_2=950^{\circ}C$ is due to the fine grain, and reasonable toughness(160~00J) in the intercritical reheated HZA is achieved by the addition of small amount of carbon which affects the formation of "M-A". Cu precipitated during ageing for increasing the strength of base metal is dissolved during single thermal cycle to $1,350^{\circ}C$ and is precipitated little on cooling and heating during subsequent weld thermal cycle. Thus, the decrease of toughness does not occur owing to the precipitation of Cu.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2018

High temperature flow behaviors of Fe-Cr-Mo-V-W-C tool steel were investigated using isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble simulator. The compressive test temperature was varied from 850 to $1,150^{\circ}C$ with the strain rate ranges of 0.05 and $10s^{-1}$. The maximum height reduction was 45%. The dynamic softening related to the dynamic recrystallization was observed during hot deformation. The constitutive model based on Arrhenius-typed equation with the Zener-Hollomon parameter was proposed to simulate the hot deformation behavior of Fe-Cr-Mo-V-W-C steel. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was also developed to compare with the constitutive model. It was concluded that the ANN model showed more accurate prediction compared with the constitutive model for describing the hot compressive behavior of Fe-Cr-Mo-V-W-C steel.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

It is well known that martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents are formed in the intercritically reheated coarse grained heat affected zone (ICCGHAZ) of a multipass weld and they act on the local brittle zone (LBZ) in the welded structures. To investigate the effect of M-A constituents on the tensile properties of ICCGHAZ, specimens with M-A constituents of different volume fraction and size were prepared through the multipass welding cycles simulated by a Gleeble simulator and then tensile test was carried out. The results indicated that finely distributed M-A constituents contributed to decrease the yield ratio, which is mainly due to the increased tensile strength.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2009

Cu as a tramp element has been reported to encourage transverse cracking upon straightening operation during continuous casting or mini-mill processing. Therefore, the hot workability of steels containing Cu should be investigated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of Cu contents on the hot ductility of low carbon steels by using hot compression test. Hot compression test was carried out using a Gleeble. The specimens were heated to $1300^{\circ}C$ for solution treatment and then held for 300s before cooling at a rate of $1^{\circ}C/s$ to test temperatures in the range of $650{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$ ($50^{\circ}C$ intervals) with strain rate of $5{\times}10^{-3}/s$. In Cu containing steels, the hot ductility was decreased with increasing Cu content at high temperature region which is to be attributed to copper enriched phase formed at scale/steel interface, and low hot ductility with increasing Cu content at low temperature region is attributable to the strengthening of matrix by the formation of ${\varepsilon}-Cu$. The width of ductility trough region was decreased with increasing Cu content.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2023

As the supply of eco-friendly vehicles increases, the application rate of hot stamping components is rising to reduce vehicle weight and improve safety. Although Al-Si coated steel sheets are commonly used in hot stamping processes, their manufacturing costs are elevated due to process patents and royalties. Various hot stamping studies have been conducted to reduce these production costs. In this study, we derived a process control method for suppressing the oxide layer of hot stamping parts using uncoated boron steel sheets. Firstly, hat-shaped parts were hot stamped under atmospheric conditions to analyze the tendency of oxide layer formation by location. Then, the Gleeble system was used to observe oxide layer formation based on oxygen content under various atmospheric conditions. Finally, the oxide layer thickness was quantitatively measured using SEM images.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2024

Ni-based superalloys have exceptional performance in high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, etc, and it has been widely used in various applications that require corrosion resistance at high-temperature operations. However, the relatively expensive cost of the Ni-based superalloys is one of the major hurdles. The corrosion-resisted alloy(CRA) clad materials can be a cost-effective solution. In this study, finite element analysis of the hot rolling process for manufacturing of the Alloy 625/API X65 steel CRA clad plates is conducted. The stress-strain curves of the two materials are measured in compressive tests for various temperature and strain rate conditions, using the Gleeble tester. Then, strain hardening behavior is modeled following the modified Johnson-Cook model. Finite element analysis of the hot rolled cladding process is performed using this strain rate and temperature dependent hardening model. Finally, the thickness ratio of the CRA and base material is predicted and compared with experimental values.