• 철학연구
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• 제129권
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• pp.83-109
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내의 교육학 분야에서 '현상학적 방법'을 활용하여 질적연구를 수행할 경우에 나타나는 연구자들의 한계와 문제를 구체적인 사례를 통해 제시해 보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 주지하다시피 '교육학적 현상학' 은 교육학 분야에서 현상학이나 현상학적 방법을 활용하여 연구를 수행하는 것으로서, 인간의 삶과 밀접한 교육의 문제를 과학주의나 실증주의의 접근방법이 아니라 그 문제 현상(사태) 자체에서 해명을 시도해보고자 하는 것이다. 그런데 국내 질적 연구자들에 의해 순수현상학(철학적 현상학)이 이러한 응용현상학(교육학적 현상학) 분야에 활용되면서 다양한 문제들이 나타나고 있다. 그 중에서 가장 대표적인 것이 바로 질적 연구의 논리를 구성하고 있는 현상학에 대한 연구자의 충분한 이해가 부족하다든가 아니면 지오르기(A. Giorgi)나 반 매넌(M. van Manen) 등 외국학자들의 연구절차나 기법들을 무조건적으로 수용하는 문제라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 '현상학적 방법'을 활용하여 질적 연구를 수행할 경우에, 연구자는 연구논리에 대한 충분한 이해를 전제로 하여 단순히 고정된 연구절차나 방법을 사용하는 것이 아니라 연구대상자에게서 나타나는 다양한 현상들을 연구자 자신의 삶과 결부시켜 그것의 본질을 분석하고 해석하는 통찰력이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2021

Purpose: This study used an exploratory sequential approach (mixed methods) design to explore essential meaning through comparing and analyzing the experiences of nursing students in virtual simulation practice and high fidelity simulation practice education in parallel. Methods: The study participants were 20 nursing students, and data were collected through focus group meetings from July 17 to August 5, 2020, and via online quantitative data from November 10 to November 15, 2020. The qualitative data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method, and the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test analysis of variance and Spearman's ρ correlation. Results: The comparison between the two simulation training experiences was shown in five contextual structures, as follows: (1) reflection of the clinical field, (2) thinking theorem vs. thinking expansion, (3) individual-centered learning vs. team-centered learning, (4) attitudes toward participating in practical training, (5) metacognition of personal competency as a prospective nurse, and (6) revisiting the method of practice training. There was a positive correlation between satisfaction with the practice and the clinical judgment ability of high fidelity simulation, which was statistically significant (r=.47, p=.036). Conclusion: Comparing the experiences between virtual simulation practice training and high fidelity simulation practice training, which has increased in demand due to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic, is meaningful as it provides practical data for introspection and reflection on in-campus clinical education.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2367-2375
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• 2022

In this work, we propose a new mechanistic model for the treatment of helium behaviour at the grain boundaries in oxide nuclear fuel. The model provides a rate-theory description of helium inter-granular behaviour, considering diffusion towards grain edges, trapping in lenticular bubbles, and thermal resolution. It is paired with a rate-theory description of helium intra-granular behaviour that includes diffusion towards grain boundaries, trapping in spherical bubbles, and thermal re-solution. The proposed model has been implemented in the meso-scale software designed for coupling with fuel performance codes SCIANTIX. It is validated against thermal desorption experiments performed on doped UO₂ samples annealed at different temperatures. The overall agreement of the new model with the experimental data is improved, both in terms of integral helium release and of the helium release rate. By considering the contribution of helium at the grain boundaries in the new model, it is possible to represent the kinetics of helium release rate at high temperature. Given the uncertainties involved in the initial conditions for the inter-granular part of the model and the uncertainties associated to some model parameters for which limited lower-length scale information is available, such as the helium diffusivity at the grain boundaries, the results are complemented by a dedicated uncertainty analysis. This assessment demonstrates that the initial conditions, chosen in a reasonable range, have limited impact on the results, and confirms that it is possible to achieve satisfying results using sound values for the uncertain physical parameters.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 아동 발달센터에서 근무하는 신입 작업치료사들이 감각통합치료 임상 적응과정에서 겪는 경험을 이해하고 본질을 파악하여 임상에서의 적응과정을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 현상학적 연구 방법을 사용하였다. 참여자는 임상경험이 1년 미만인 4명이다. 자료수집은 심층 면담을 통해 진행하였으며 내용은 녹음 후 전사하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 아동 발달센터에서 근무하는 신입 작업치료사의 적응과정을 분석한 결과, 3가지 범주, 6가지 주제, 16개의 중심의미가 도출되었다. 범주로는 아동 발달센터에서 근무하는 신입 작업치료사는 적응과정을 겪으며 임상 실행에서 오는 어려움, 근무환경에서 오는 장애, 센터 내부에서의 긍정적 요소, 센터 외부에서 오는 지원, 스스로의 노력, 적응을 하며 바뀜을 경험하였다. 결론 : 아동 발달센터에서 감각통합치료를 하는 신입 아동 작업치료사들이 적응하여 충분한 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 기관과 주변의 도움이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.60.1-60.11
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• 2020

Background: Tumor-associated neoangiogenesis is a crucial target for antitumor therapies. Thalidomide (TAL) is a promising anti-neoangiogenetic drug that has recently been used in the treatment of several malignancies in dogs. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of TAL after single oral administration in dogs. Additionally, the influence of feeding on the pharmacokinetic profile of TAL in dogs has been preliminarily investigated. Methods: Six healthy adult female Labradors were enrolled according to a randomized single-dose, 2-treatment, 2-phase, paired 2 × 2 cross-over study design. The dogs were administered a single 400 mg capsule of TAL in fasted and fed conditions. Blood was collected from 15 min to 48 h after dosing, and TAL quantified in plasma by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. The pharmacokinetics of TAL were analyzed using a non-compartmental approach. Results: TAL concentration was quantifiable up to 10 h and 24 h after fasted and fed conditions, respectively. C_max (fasted, 1.34 ± 0.12 ㎍/mL; fed, 2.47 ± 0.19 ㎍/mL) and T_max (fasted, 3 h; fed, 10 h) differed substantially between the 2 groups. AUC and t_1/2λz were significantly higher in fed (42.46 ± 6.64 mg × h/L; 17.14 ± 4.68 h) compared to fasted (12.38 ± 1.13 mg × h/L; 6.55 ± 1.25 h) dogs. The relative oral bioavailability of TAL for the fasted group was low (36.92% ± 3.28%). Conclusions: Feeding affects the pharmacokinetics of oral TAL in dogs, showing a delayed, but higher absorption with different rate of elimination. These findings are of importance in clinical veterinary settings, and represent a starting point for further related studies.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.32.1-32.13
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• 2020

Levofloxacin pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated in 6 healthy female rabbits after intravenous (I/V), intramuscular (I/M), or subcutaneous (S/C) administration routes at a single dose of 5 mg/kg in a 3 × 3 cross-over study. Plasma levofloxacin concentrations were detected using a validated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method with a fluorescence detector. Levofloxacin was quantifiable up to 10 h post-drug administration. Mean AUC_0-last values of 9.03 ± 2.66, 9.07 ± 1.80, and 9.28 ± 1.56 mg/h^*L were obtained via I/V, I/M, and S/C, respectively. Plasma clearance was 0.6 mL/g*h after I/V administration. Peak plasma concentrations using the I/M and S/C routes were 3.33 ± 0.39 and 2.91 ± 0.56 ㎍/mL. Bioavailability values, after extravascular administration were complete, - 105% ± 27% (I/M) and 118% ± 40% (S/C). Average extraction ratio of levofloxacin after I/V administration was 7%. Additionally, levofloxacin administration effects on tear production and osmolarity were evaluated. Tear osmolarity decreased within 48 h post-drug administration. All 3 levofloxacin administration routes produced similar pharmacokinetic profiles. The studied dose is unlikely to be effective in rabbits; however, it was calculated that a daily dose of 29 mg/kg appears effective for I/V administration for pathogens with MIC < 0.5 ㎍/mL.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.435-450
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand the care experiences of the family of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) patients where the donation had occurred within the family. Methods: Participants were eight family caregivers who cared for recipients and donors of LDLT. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from November, 2020 to April, 2021. Data analysis was performed through a cyclical process of data collection and analysis by applying Giorgi's phenomenological research method. Results: The five main components extracted from the experiences of the family caregivers were: "A double-edged choice to save the family", "The harsh daily life of liver transplantation care", "The yoke of double care on both shoulders", "The power to withstand the adversity of caring", and "The recovery and growth of life pursued by trusting each other". Conclusion: The participants tried to do their best in their daily lives, while providing reassurance and care to the LDLT patients in the family; however, they expressed some worry and hardship while doing so. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the caring experience of the family caregivers, which may contribute to the development of nursing interventions that will aid these caregivers in providing care to their LDLT family members. Furthermore, the development and application of an integrated management program for LDLT patients in the family is required.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.177-195
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• 2020

세계가 점점 더 통합됨에 따라 자선단체는 국내 문제 뿐만 아니라 빈곤, 기근, 자연 재해 등 세계 전역에서 일어나는 문제들을 다루게 되었다. 국제적으로 많은 조직들이 도움을 제공하고 이러한 문제들을 완화시키기 위해 노력하고 있지만, Jusoor, Karam Foundation, Save the Children, 그리고 Oxfam 등 대부분의 자선단체들이 서구사회에 기초하고 있다. 이 논문은 동양과 서양 두 지역 사이에 기부 문화 불균형이 존재하는 이유를 분석한다. 이 논문은 지역적 차이를 설명하면서 자선 재단에 대한 아시아인들의 뿌리 깊은 불신과 아시아에서의 자선 기부를 장려하는 정부 정책의 부재, 그리고 추세를 형성하는 다른 여러 사회적, 경제적, 정치적 요인에 특히 초점을 맞추고 있다. 아시아가 세계의 다른 지역에 비해 자선 문화에서 왜, 그리고 얼마나 크게 뒤처지는지를 분석한 결과, 이 논문은 아시아 자선 시장에 "창조적 파괴"가 필요하다는 것을 증명한다. 더 나아가 이 논문은 혁신적인 신생 기업이 새로운 형태의 기술, 즉 등록 파트너쉽 기반을 갖춘 접근하기 쉬운 애플리케이션을 도입하여 정기적으로 앱 사용자들의 기부금 사용처와 금액을 업데이트함으로써 아시아 자선 사업의 신뢰도를 높일 수 있다고 제안한다. 이러한 새로운 형태의 기술은 아시아의 자선 문화를 둘러싼 다른 문제들을 다루는 데 또한 도움이 될 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2023

Background: To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, nurses infected with the virus were required to isolate themselves from their families and community. Isolated patients were reported to have experienced mental distress, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and suicide. Though studies have reported the psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, less is known about the lived experiences of nurses who survived Covid-19 infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to study the lived experiences of registered nurses who survived Covid-19 disease. In-depth interviews were conducted among nurses diagnosed with Covid-19 from two hospitals in Kenya between March and May, 2021. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit registered nurses. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's steps of analysis. Results: The study included ten nurses between 29 and 45 years of age. Nurses' experiences encompassed three themes: diagnosis reaction, consequences, and coping. Reactions to the diagnosis included fear, anxiety, and sadness. The consequence of the diagnosis and isolation was stigma, isolation, and loneliness. Nurses coping mechanisms included acceptance, creating routines, support, and spirituality. Conclusion: Our findings aid in understanding how nurses experienced Covid-19 infection as patients and will provide evidence-based content for supporting nurses in future pandemics. Moreover, as we acknowledge the heroic contribution of frontline healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is prudent to recognize the considerable occupational risk as they balance their duty to care, and the risk of infection to themselves and their families.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a milling by-product diet and two sugar cane diets on the local Creole pig breed (CR). A total of 48 CR pigs (24 females and 24 castrated males) were randomly assigned to four different groups of 12 animals. Pigs were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments: fed with a control soya-bean meal-corn diet containing 19.1% crude protein (CP) and 15.4 MJ DE/kg (diet 1), with an experimental milling by-product diet (soya-bean meal and wheat by-products) containing 19.4% CP and 13.0 MJ DE/kg (diet 2), with ground cane stalks (GCS) or with fresh sugar cane juice (SCJ). Both GCS and SCJ were supplemented with soya-bean meal complement (400 g/d of a 48.7% CP and 16.1 MJ DE/kg diet) in order to obtain diets 3 and 4, respectively. Pigs were fed close to ad libitum level and had free access to water. All the pigs were slaughtered at 65 kg BW. Between 30 and 65 kg BW, growth performance was significantly (p<0.001) affected by dietary treatments: average daily BW gain was 657, 530, 546 and 200 g/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 1.8, 1.9, 2.5 and 1.4 kg/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Fat cuts (backfat+leaf fat) and backfat thickness were significantly lower on diet 3 than for other treatments (127 vs. 192, 166 g/kg of left half-carcass weight and 24.6 vs. 39.0, 35.3 mm for diet 3 vs. diets 1 and 4, and diet 2, respectively; p<0.001). The dressing weight was significantly lower on diets 2 (82.7 vs. 84.0%; p<0.001). The entire empty digestive tract (DT) weight was higher on diet 2 (73.1 vs. 66.7 g/kg empty BW). However, stomach and large intestine were more developed on diet 3: 12.8 vs. 9.3 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.001) and 26.4 vs. 23.8 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests the CR pig has the ability to reach rather good growth and carcass performance with a well-formulated sugar cane meal and/or with a milling by-product diet refined according to its low requirements.