• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2023

한국농수산대학교 공정육묘실에서 인삼을 종자 파종하여 생장한 인삼 1년근을 각 실험구(공정육묘실, 관행 노지)에 이식 전 1차 생장 조사를 하고, 3개월 생육 후 2차 생장 비교조사를 하였다. 1차 생장 조사 결과, 이식 전 뿌리의 무게는 평균 0.95g에서 이식 후 관행 노지는 0.21g, 공정육묘실은 0.29g으로 증가하였다. 뿌리의 길이는 평균 13.85cm에서 이식 후 관행 노지는 2.03cm, 공정육묘실은 2.66cm로 증가하였다. 뿌리의 지름은 평균 5.58mm에서 이식 후 관행 노지는 1.04mm, 공정육묘실은 1.26mm로 증가하였다. 공정육묘실에서 생육한 인삼이 관행 노지재배보다 더 많은 생장이 확인되었다. 공정육묘실에서 생육한 인삼과 진안 농가 관행 노지재배 인삼의 진세노사이드 성분함량 비교를 위해 각 1년근, 2년근의 진세노사이드 11종(Rg1, Re, Rf, Rh1(S)+Rg2(S), Rb1, Rc, Ra1, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Rg3)의 함량 비교한 결과, 진세노사이드 1종 전체 함량이 공정육묘실 재배 인삼 1년근에서는 17.32mg/g, 공정육묘실 재배 인삼 2년근에서는 16.43mg/g, 관행 노지재배 1년근에서는 5.84mg/g, 관행 노지재배 2년근에서는 6.17mg/g으로 확인되었다. 관행 노지재배 인삼 1년근, 2년근보다 공정육묘실 1년근, 2년근이 2배 이상으로 더 많은 진세노사이드 함량이 HPLC 분석 결괏값으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 관행 노지재배 묘삼은 자연환경 아래에서 재배환경의 다양한 요인에 의한 생장이 작용하는 반면 공정육묘는 생장이 우수한 인공토 비율과, 식물 영양액 농도 EC1.0ms/cm로 수분을 공급하여 안정된 생장을 할 수 있고, 식물 생장에 필요한 온도, 광, 수분의 환경제어가 가능한 상태에서 생장하므로 묘삼의 생장 안정성을 확보할 수 있어 향후 이에 관한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.508-516
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides are not only the principal bioactive components but also the important indexes to the quality assessment of Panax ginseng Meyer. Their contents in cultivated ginseng vary with the growth environment and age. The present study aimed at evaluating the significant difference between 36 cultivated ginseng of different cultivation areas and ages based on the simultaneously determined contents of 14 ginsenosides. Methods: A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) method was developed and used in the multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode (HPLC-MRM/MS) for the quantitative analysis of ginsenosides. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, was applied to discriminate ginseng samples of various cultivation areas and ages and to discover the differentially accumulated ginsenoside markers. Results: The developed HPLC-MRM/MS method was validated to be precise, accurate, stable, sensitive, and repeatable for the simultaneous determination of 14 ginsenosides. It was found that the 3- and 5-yr-old ginseng samples were differentiated distinctly by all means of multivariate statistical analysis, whereas the 4-yr-old samples exhibited similarity to either 3- or 5-yr-old samples in the contents of ginsenosides. Among the 14 detected ginsenosides, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, 20(S)-Rf, 20(S)-Rh1, and Rb3 were identified as potential markers for the differentiation of cultivation ages. In addition, the 5-yr-old samples were able to be classified in cultivation area based on the contents of ginsenosides, whereas the 3- and 4-yr-old samples showed little differences in cultivation area. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the HPLC-MRM/MS method combined with multivariate statistical analysis provides deep insight into the accumulation characteristics of ginsenosides and could be used to differentiate ginseng that are cultivated in different areas and ages.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2007

A protocol for the production of transgenic Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was established via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of direct somatic embryos. A number of conditions related to the co-cultivation were tested with respect to maximizing transformation efficiency. The results showed that pH of the co-cultivation medium (5.7), the bacterial growth phase (optical density; $OD_{600}$ = 0.8), co-cultivation period (3 days), and acetosyringone concentration $(100\;{\mu}M)$ had positive effects on transformation. Selected plantlets were cultured on the medium at an elevated hygromycin level(30 mg/l). Integration of the transgenes into the P. ginseng nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR analysis using hpt primers and by Southern hybridization using hpt-specific probe. The transgenic plantlets were obtained after 3-month cultivation and did not show any detectable variation in morphology or growth characteristics compared to wild-type plants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2018

Ginseng products available in different forms and preparations are reported to have varied bioactivities and chemical compositions. In our previous study, four new dammarane-type ginsenosides were isolated from Panax ginseng, which are ginsenoside Rg18 (1), 6-acetyl ginsenoside Rg3 (2), ginsenoside Rs11 (3), and ginsenoside Re7 (4). Accordingly, the goal of this study was to determine the distribution and content of these newly characterized ginsenosides in different ginseng products. The content of compounds 1 - 4 in different ginseng products was determined via HPLC-UV. The samples included ginseng roots from different ginseng species, roots harvested from different localities in Korea, and samples harvested at different cultivation ages and processed under different manufacturing methods. The four ginsenosides were present at varying concentrations in the different ginseng samples examined. The variations in their content could be attributed to species variation, and differences in cultivation conditions and manufacturing methods. The total concentration of compounds 1 - 4 were highest in ginseng obtained from Geumsan ($185{\mu}g/g$), white-6 yr ginseng ($150{\mu}g/g$), and P. quinquefolius ($186{\mu}g/g$). The results of this study provide a basis for the optimization of cultivation conditions and manufacturing methods to maximize the yield of the four new ginsenosides in ginseng.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2011

Growth characteristics, root yield and ginsenoside contents of 3-year-old ginseng in greenhouse shaded by $30^{\circ}$ sloped-curtain made of aluminum were compared to traditional shade facility in order to develop cultural practice for organic ginseng. Light transmittance ratio in greenhouse with $30^{\circ}$ sloped-curtain shade was distinctly lower than that of traditional shade from sunrise to 9 a.m., while its ratio in greenhouse was higher than traditional shade since 9 a.m. due to the reflection of light. Air temperature of greenhouse was $1.3^{\circ}C$ higher than that of traditional shade on the first ten days of August due to more reflected light. Root yield of greenhouse was 44% higher than that of traditional cultivation because of the inflow of reflected light and the decrease of disease of Alternaria and Anthracnose by blocking rainfall. Dry matter partitioning ratio of rhizome and lateral root were increased in ginseng cultivated at greenhouse due to longer survival time in leaf than traditional cultivation. Total ginsenoside contents cultivated at greenhouse was decreased in the part of taproot, while it was increased in the part of lateral and fine root compare to traditional cultivation. Individual ginsenoside contents between greenhouse and traditional cultivation showed significant difference more frequent in fine root than taproot and lateral root. Total ginsenoside contents including $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, $Rg_1$, and $Rg_2$ in whole root of 3-year-old ginseng did not showed significant difference by greenhouse and traditional cultivation.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2019

Background: The ginseng ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be more abundant in the leaves than in the roots, and the consumers' interest in ginseng sprout as a functional vegetable has been increasing. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of growth period on growth properties, active ingredients and rheology of ginseng sprouts cultivated in a non-heated greenhouse equipped with a shade net for 60 days, starting from the end of May to the middle of July. The chlorophyll content of the leaves decreased, but their length and width increased with increasing cultivation days. In particular, growth increased significantly until 40 days, but only slightly after 50 days. The stem length did not increase greatly from the 20 th to the 30 th day of cultivation, but increased significantly from the 30 th to the 40 th day, and then further increased gradually. The weight of the leaves, stems, and roots increased slightly, but not change significantly. After 40 days of cultivation, the total ginsenoside content increased by 1.07 times in the leaves and decreased by 0.80 times in the roots with increasing cultivation days. The leaf contents of ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re, $Rb_1$, Rc, $F_3$ and $F_4$ increased with increasing cultivation days. The rheological properties of ginseng sprout showed the greatest influence on stem hardening with increasing cultivation days. Conclusions: Therefore, based on the growth characteristics, active ingredients and physical properties, 40 days after sowing was considered to be an appropriate harvesting time for ginseng sprouts.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2023

This study was conducted to examine the possibility of use as a structural material for ginseng cultivation facilities of recycled plastics. In order to determine the possibility that recycled plastic can replace timber used as a structural material for ginseng cultivation facilities, the specimens collected by elapsed time were compared with timber through bending tests. In addition, in order to analyze the effect of external environmental conditions on recycled plastic products, bending test was conducted with the specimens that had completed weathering test and accelerated heat aging test respectively. As a result, the bending strength of recycled plastic specimens with the elapsed time of 360 days was lower than that of timber. But bending strength of recycled plastic specimens exceeded the design allowable stress standard set by the Korea design standard (MOLIT, 2016). There was no degradation in quality of recycled plastic due to the external environment, and it was found that there would be no problem even if it was used as a structural material for ginseng cultivation facilities.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.65-68
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• 2002

This study was conducted to secure the structural safety and to build fundamental data for development of controlled environment facilities in ginseng cultivation. Shading structures of ginseng cultivation were classified with materials, structural forms, and detailed setups. They are wood or steel pipe, single or multi span, and frame or cable type. For structures having representative forms and dimensions, modeling for structural analysis was builded by SAP2000. And there was almost no farm carrying out the environmental management specially.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 1999

단기.다수확을 목표로 하는 인삼의 직파재배는 육묘와 이식을 결합한 재배방법으로서 생산비의 절감과 생산성의 향상을 위한 재배양식이다. 직파 재배의 문제점을 구명하고 직파재배 기술체계의 수립을 위한 기초를 확립하고자 본 조사 연구를 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 직파재배 인삼포 예정지의 전작물로는 벼, 옥수수 및 호밀이 주로 재배되었고 예정지 관리시에 사용하는 유기물로로는 볏짚, 계분 및 호밀 짚이 많이 이용되고 있다. 예정지관리 후 직판시에는 토직묘포의 직판과 같은 방법으로 돌과 흙덩이만 골라 내고 이랑을 만들었으며 두둑의 흙을 체로 친 경우는 전혀 없었다. 2. 직파재배 인삼포의 파종밀도는 간당 196-210립으로 밀식된 상태였으며 발아율은 67%였다. 4년생의 생존율은 51%로서 이식재배 76%에 비해 현저히 낮았으나 간당 생존본수는 100본 이상으로 이식재배보다 많았다. 3. 이식재배에서와는 달리 직파재배 인삼포에서 많이 발생되었던 병은 회색곰팡이병, 모잘록병 및 줄기반점병을 위시한 줄기를 침해하는 병들이었다. 4, 3년생에서는 이식재배에 비해 직파재배한 인삼 엽장이 길었으나 4년생에서는 직파재배한 인삼의 엽장이 오히려 짧았으며, 경의 생육도 3년생에서는 직파재배 인삼이 좋았으나 4년생에서는 직파재배 인삼이 이식재배에 비해 저조하였다. 5. 전체적인 생육상은 이식재배 인삼과 대등하였으나 포장간의 생육차이가 큰 경향이었다. 직파재배 인삼은 비교적 뿌리가 짧았고 뿌리의 크기도 이식재배 인삼에 비해 약간 작은 경향이었으나 간당 뿌리 수확량은 이식재배에 비해 많았다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

산양삼 재배를 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 9개도 18 재배지를 대상으로 입지환경, 토양환경, 생육과정, 재배방법과 시기를 조사 분석하였다. 산양삼 재배 입지환경은 활엽수림, IV영급 기준 ha당 잔존본수 500~1,000본, 해발 500 m 미만, 경사 $25^{\circ}$ 이하, 재배사면은 북, 북동, 동, 북서방향에서 주로 재배되는 것으로 나타났다. 토양은 유기물함량 3.43~24.07%, pH 3.8~5.7, 토성은 사토~사양 토로 재배지 간에 많은 차이를 나타내었다. 생육과정은 발순, 개엽, 개화, 결실, 홍숙, 낙과, 낙엽까지 조사되어 평균 98일의 생육기간이 소요되었다. 재배방법은 파종과 이식 형태로 증식되고 있었으며, 파종은 개갑처리(발아촉진처리)와 직파형태로 파종하고 있으며 각각 70%, 30%로 처리되는 것으로 나타났다.