• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.966-976
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• 2019

Objective: The methane mitigating potential of various plant-based polyphenol sources is known, but effects of combinations have rarely been tested. The aim of the present study was to determine whether binary and 3-way combinations of such phenol sources affect ruminal fermentation less, similar or more intensively than separate applications. Methods: The extracts used were from Acacia mearnsii bark (acacia), Vitis vinifera (grape) seed, Camellia sinensis leaves (green tea), Uncaria gambir leaves (gambier), Vaccinium macrocarpon berries (cranberry), Fagopyrum esculentum seed (buckwheat), and Ginkgo biloba leaves (ginkgo). All extracts were tested using the Hohenheim gas test. This was done alone at 5% of dry matter (DM). Acacia was also combined with all other single extracts at 5% of DM each, and with two other phenol sources (all possible combinations) at 2.5%+2.5% of DM. Results: Methane formation was reduced by 7% to 9% by acacia, grape seed and green tea and, in addition, by most extract combinations with acacia. Grape seed and green tea alone and in combination with acacia also reduced methane proportion of total gas to the same degree. The extracts of buckwheat and gingko were poor in phenols and promoted ruminal fermentation. All treatments except green tea alone lowered ammonia concentration by up to 23%, and the binary combinations were more effective as acacia alone. With three extracts, linear effects were found with total gas and methane formation, while with ammonia and other traits linear effects were rare. Conclusion: The study identified methane and ammonia mitigating potential of various phenolic plant extracts and showed a number of additive and some non-linear effects of combinations of extracts. Further studies, especially in live animals, should concentrate on combinations of extracts from grape seed, green tea leaves Land acacia bark and determine the ideal dosages of such combinations for the purpose of methane mitigation.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2007

Ginkgo leaves, which have been known as medical materials, were selected as new natural dyes in this study, in which it was examined whether they have the function of UV-blocker or not. Cotton, linen & Hanji(Korean traditional paper) were dyed with Ginkgo. Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Sn were selected as mordants. UV-blocking rate of dyed samples was measured after dyeing and mordant treatment. The results of this study are as follows. First, most surface color of dyed samples was yellow except that Hanji mordanted with Cu was yellowish red. Second, dyeing repetition had positive correlations with K/S values of cotton ($r=.\;758^{**}$), linen ($r=.\;500^*$) and Hanji ($r=.\;819^{**}$), because K/S values were increased according to dyeing repetition. Third, solar UV-blocking rates had positive correlations with dyeing repetitions (p<0.01), because UV-blocking rates had increased according to dyeing repetition. Fourth, UV-blocking ability of Hanji was highest among samples, as UV-blocking rates of cotton and linen dyed after 3 dyeing repetition were up to 93%, Hanji's values were up to 98%. Therefore, it was proven that Ginkgo extracts used in this experiment as dyestuff have excellent dyeing ability and high UV-blocking ability. It is hoped that this work will lead to further research to confirm the physiological effects when human wear the clothes made from Hanji.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.492-497
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• 1994

43종 식물체 추출물의 6종 해충(벼멸구, 배추좀나방, 담배거세미나방, 복숭아혹진딧물, 쌀바구미, 독일바퀴)에 대한 살충활성 및 응애에 대한 살비활성을 조사하였다. 은행잎 메탄올 추출물은 벼멸구에 대해서만 선택적으로 강한 살충활성을 보인 반면, 나한백의 일종인 Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai 톱밥의 수증기증류물은 모든 공시충에 대해 높은 살충활성을 보였다. 소나무잎 메탄올 추출물과 T. dolabrata var. hondai 톱밥의 수증기증류물은 점박이응애에 대해 강한 살비활성을 나타내었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.503-507
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• 2006

Flavonoids are known as natural anti-inflammatory agents. In this investigation, an anti-inflammatory potential of new topical preparation (SK Ato $Formula^{\circledR}$) containing flavonoid mixtures from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves with an extract of Gentiana scabra Bunge roots was evaluated in an animal model of chronic skin inflammation. Multiple 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatments for 7 consecutive days on ICR mouse ear provoked a chronic type of skin inflammation: dermal edema, epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells. When topically applied in this model, this row formulation $(5-20\;{\mu}L/ear/treatment)$ reduced these responses. Furthermore, it inhibited prostaglandin $E_2$ generation (17.1-33.3%) and suppressed the expression of proinflammatory genes, cyclooxygenase-2 and $interleulin-1{\beta}$ in the skin lesion. Although the potency of inhibition was lower than that of prednisolone, all these results suggest that Ato $Formula^{\circledR}$ may be beneficial for treating chronic skin inflammatory disorders such as atopic dermatitis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2002

목적 : 현재까지 방사선에 대한 저산소세포의 감수성을 높이기 위한 많은 실험적 및 임상적 연구가 진행되어 왔으나, 아직 적절한 방법이 개발되지 못한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 혈관수축 이완 및 혈액점도 저하를 통하여 말초혈류 증가작용을 갖고 있는 Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)가 종양내 대사상태에 어떠한 변화를 가져오는지를 $^{31}P$ 핵자기 공명 분광법을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : $100\;mm^3$에서 $130\;mm^3$의 섬유육종을 갖는 18마리의 C3H 마우스를 각각 9 마리씩 두 군으로 분리하였다. 한 군은 GBE로 전처치를 하지 않았으며 나머지 다른 한 군은 $^{31}P$ 자기공명분광법을 시행하기 24시간 전에 100 mg/kg의 GBE를 복강내로 투여하여 전처치를 하였다. 우선 각 군에서 $^{31}P$ 자기공명분광법을 실시하여 대조 spectrum을 얻었으며 그 후 100 mg/kg의 GBE를 재투여 하고 약 1시간 후에 $^{31}P$ 자기공명분광법을 다시 실시하였다. 결과 : 전처치를 하지 않은 군에서는 GBE 투여 전의 평균 pH, PCr/Pi, PME/ATP, Pi/ATP, PCr/(Pi+PME) 수치를 GBE 투여 후 1시간에 측정한 값과 비교하였을 때 통계학적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 전처치를 한 군에서는 GBE 투여 전의 평균 PCr/Pi, Pi/ATP, PCr/(Pi+PME)수치가 0.49, 0.77, 0.17에서 GBE 투여 후에는 0.74, 0.57, 0.28로 변화하였으며 이는 paired-t test상 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이였다. 결론 : 전처치를 한 군에서 GBE의 재투여로 대사상태가 현저히 호전되었으며 이는 간접적으로 GBE 에 의한 방사선감수성의 증가가 혈류 증가 및 이에 따른 대사상태 호전에 기인함을 나타낸다.