• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the effects of oral health education conducted on air force personnel according to the use of disclosing solution. They were divided into 3 groups: Group A: oral health education was not conducted, Group B: oral health education was conducted without using disclosing solution, and Group C: oral health education was conducted using disclosing solution. The subjects who had not participated in the education at least once were excluded, and the remaining 83 subjects received oral health education four times and one time each week. The probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were measured one week before the implementation of the first oral health education and one week after the implementation of the fourth oral health education. The results of verifying the homogeneity of the clinical indices before the oral health education showed statistically significant differences in bleeding on probing among the three groups. The results of comparing the clinical indices among the three groups after the oral health education exhibited statistically significant differences in the plaque and gingival indices among the three groups. Groups B and C showed lower values than Group A. The comparison of the clinical indices before and after the oral health education showed statistically significant improvements in all clinical indices after the education in Group C. The results suggested that the oral health education using disclosing solution could maximize that visual effects and encourage self-motivation, consequently improve the oral hygiene of the patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2000

Periodontal surgery can be directed to remove the irritants from the tooth surface and reduce the periodontal pocket. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical effects after between modified Widman flap and modified flap in periodontal patients. Ninety six molar area teeth of 9 patients were used. One of sextants performed a modified Widman flap, while the other side performed a modified flap. After initial periodontal therapy, the following measurements prior to surgery(baseline) were taken : pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, tooth mobility, bleeding on probing. Also these measurements were taken at 4 weeks, 8weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery. Significant decrease of pocket depth was shown in both techniques, and the degree of decrease was significant in modified flap than modified Widman flap at 12 weeks. Significant increase of gingival recession was shown in both techniques, and the degree of increase was significant in modified Widman flap than modified flap at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Significant attachment gain was shown in both techniques, and the degree of increase was significant in modified flap than modified Widman flap at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Significant increase of tooth mobility was shown in both techniques at 4 weeks, but the decrease of tooth mobility was shown at 12 weeks. Greater decrease of bleeding on probing was shown in both techniques at 4 weeks. Modified flap was better than modified Widman flap in the decrease of gingival recession and the attachment gain. These results indicate that modified flap operation is better than modified Widman flap operation in the effect of periodontal treatment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. The aim of the present clinical study was to explore the adjunctive effect of ozonized water irrigation in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers for the full-mouth decontamination of patients with periodontitis Stage I or II. Methods: The study was a randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. The test group (n=25) was treated with ultrasonic scalers irrigated with ozonized water, whereas the control group (n=25) received normal tap water irrigation within the ultrasonic scalers used during the professional mechanical debridement. Full mouth plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth, and the gingival index were evaluated at baseline, two, and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain perceived and dental anxiety were also assessed after treatment by means of the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: All periodontal parameters resulted in significant improvement for both study groups. The effect of the treatment group on the gingival index was significant, in particular, patients in the test group experienced a greater reduction in this score. No significant differences could be observed with regards to the average probing depth, full mouth plaque index and bleeding score. Patients treated with ozonized water running in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers displayed also lower scores for pain and dental anxiety. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant clinical effect on gingival inflammation attributable to adjunctive ozone irrigation during nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Further studies, including patients with severe periodontitis and greater sample sizes, are recommended to test the clinical effect of ozonized water in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

Purpose: Developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1) plays a role in regulating neutrophil migration within the periodontium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of DEL-1 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), as well as the number of neutrophils in patients with periodontitis. Methods: Forty systemically healthy, non-smoking periodontitis patients participated in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters, including the plaque index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, modified sulcular bleeding index, and marginal bone level, were measured. Levels of DEL-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in unstimulated saliva samples, as well as DEL-1 in the GCF of 3 teeth from each participant, were assessed. Neutrophil counts in oral rinse and GCF samples were recorded. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the correlation between protein levels, clinical parameters, and neutrophil quantities. Participants were divided into 2 age groups (those under 50 years and those 50 years or older) in order to investigate potential age-related differences. Results: DEL-1 levels in the GCF showed a negative relationship with PPD (sum). Neutrophils in oral rinse samples were positively correlated with PPD, IL-8, and IL-1β levels. Neutrophils in GCF exhibited a positive correlation with PPD (sum). Salivary DEL-1 levels showed correlations with IL-8 and IL-1β, but not with the clinical parameters of periodontitis. Conclusions: The negative relationship observed between PPD and GCF DEL-1 levels is consistent with the proposed protective role of DEL-1.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2020

Purpose: This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of an electric toothbrush with 3 colors of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on antiplaque and bleeding control. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial included 50 healthy adults with gingivitis, who were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group used electric toothbrushes with 3 colors of LEDs and the control group used the same electric toothbrush as the experimental group, but with LED sources with one-hundredth of the strength. The subjects used the electric toothbrush 3 times a day for 4 minutes each time. As clinical indices, bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP), the Löe-Silness gingival index (GI), and the Turesky-Quigley-Hein plaque index (QHI) were assessed at baseline, at 3 weeks, and at 6 weeks. Results: There were significant decreases in all clinical indices (BOMP, GI, QHI) in both the experimental and control groups compared to baseline at 3 weeks and at 6 weeks. In a comparison between the experimental and control groups, no statistically significant differences were observed for any clinical indices at 3 weeks (P>0.05). However, at 6 weeks, statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in BOMP and GI, which are indicators of gingival inflammation (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an electric toothbrush combined with 3-color LEDs reduced gingival bleeding and inflammation after 6 weeks.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.415-428
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• 2002

Periodontal disease is a complex infectious disease caused by bacteria in the oral mucosa, which results in gingival inflammation, breakdown of periodontal tissues, bone resorption, and finally tooth loss. Mechanical plaque control methods-scaling and root planing are effective methods to stop the progression of such periodontal disease. It was reported that subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline(SDD) regimen could improve clinical conditions of periodontal tissues without causing the overgrowth of opportunistic organisms that was a typical antibiotic side effect. Therefore pharmacological therapy, used in conjunction with mechanical therapy could be considered a useful treatment modality in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. In this study, 30 patients diagnosed as moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis were divided into 2 groups. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were administered 20mg doxycycline capsule or placebo capsule b.i.d. for 4months, after scaling and root planing. Clinical parameters-bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were compared and evaluated between these groups at periods of first visit, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. The results were as follows ; 1. In case of moderate periodontitis, pocket depth showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in pocket depth was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 2. In case of moderate periodontitis, clinical attachment level showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in clinical attachment level was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 3. Bleeding on probing improved after treatment in both the groups. In case of moderate periodontitis, the experiment group showed statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing when compared with the control group at 1 and 4 months after treatment(p<0.05). In case of advanced periodontitis, treatment resulted in statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing in both the groups(p<0.05). These results indicate that the use of subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline is a useful supplement to mechanical treatment for periodontal patients in ameliorating the clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket, attachment level, and bleeding on probing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.437-441
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to show three cases treated by an intergrated periodontal and restorative dentistry approach. Methods: Three patients with Miller Class Ⅰgingiva recessions associated with cervical lesions were enrolled for treatment. Two patients received a connective tissue graft and resin modified glass ionomer, and one patient was treated with a connective tissue graft, resin restoration. Keratinized gingiva and relative gingival recession were measured. Results: The mean reduction of relative gingival recession was 3.7 mm, and the mean keratinized gingiva increase was 2.5 mm. The percentage of root coverage was 80% in average. No signs of gingival inflammation or bleeding on probing were seen. The patients were satisfied with the final esthetics and had no more dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusions: This report indicates that teeth with Miller ClassⅠ gingival recession associated with cervical lesions can be successfully treated by a connective tissue graft combined with restorative dentistry. However, longitudinal randomized controlled clinical trials must be performed to support this approach.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.657-668
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we compared low-power $CO_2$ laser treatment to ultrasonic scaling, which is generally approved as a power-driven mechanical instrumentation, and evaluated both of these treatments regarding their clinical effectiveness and change in the volume of in GCF. Material and methods: 20 patients who had gingivitis were selected. all of patients has no systemic problems. Randomly selected, one quadrant received ultrasonic scaling only, another quadrant received ultrasonic scaling and $CO_2$ laser irradiation, the other quadrant received $CO_2$ laser irradiation only. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 1 weeks, 2weeks, 4weeks and 8weeks. Result: Pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level were not changed during study period. Gingival index of all group were improved after treatment. At 1 weeks after treatment, Gingival index of ultrasonic scaling group was only significantly different compared to control group. At 2 weeks after treatment, gingival index of all experimental group were significantly different compared to control group. At 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, gingival index of all group were increased, but experimental group were lower than control group. Sulcus bleeding index was similar to the results of gingival index. At 1 weeks after treatment, all experimental group were significantly different compared to control group and it maintained during study. At 2 weeks after treatment, sulcus bleeding index of all group were lowest during study. Gingival crevicular fluid were measured with $Periotron^{(R)}$ 8000($Oraflow^{(R)}$, Inc. USA). At baseline, all group were showed moderately severe condition. At 1 week after treatment, laser treatment only group was reduced quantity of gingival crevicular fluid mostly, and all group were reduced quantity of gingival crevicular fluid. At 2 weeks after treatment, all group were health state. At 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, all group were showed recurrent of inflammation, and control group was the most significantly increased. Conclusion: This study showed that the effects of $CO_2$ laser treatment were similar to conventional ultrasonic scaling and this result remained longer than plaque control only. These results suggest possibility of $CO_2$ laser treatment for altered periodontal therapy.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.388-399
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• 2017

Generalized aggressive periodontitis cause intrabony pocket, loss of teeth, and severe alveolar bone defect. As a result, pathologic tooth migration occurs and esthetic problem happens according to this, especially on the anterior teeth of maxilla. The purpose of this study was to assess the multidisciplinary treatment including periodontics, orthodontics and prosthetics of a patient caused by generalized aggressive periodontitis. This study presents a case using full mouth periodontal treatment, immediate orthodontic treatment for 5 months, implantation with guided bone regeneration and free gingival graft, and prosthetic treatment. Treatments took totally 14 months. Periodontal indicators such as probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility improved. Also, the patient was satisfied with the esthetic and functional improvement.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.455-465
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• 2022

Purpose: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that alter the host's response to microbial pathogens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that affects the incidence and severity of periodontal diseases. This study investigated the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis (SIII-GC-P) and stage III grade C periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (SIII-GC-PD). Methods: In total, 72 individuals, including 24 periodontally healthy (PH), 24 SIII-GC-P, and 24 SIII-GC-PD patients, were recruited for this study. Periodontitis patients (stage III) had interdental attachment loss (AL) of 5 mm or more, probing depth (PD) of 6 mm or more, radiographic bone loss advancing to the middle or apical part of the root, and tooth loss (<5) due to periodontal disease. Radiographic bone loss in the teeth was also evaluated; grade C periodontitis was defined as a ratio of the percentage of root bone loss to age greater than 1.0. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical AL were used for clinical periodontal assessments. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: All clinical parameters-PD, AL, GI, BOP, and PI-were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups for both the full mouth and each sampling site (P<0.05). The total IL-34 and CSF-1 levels were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between the periodontitis groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that IL-34 and CSF-1 expression increases in patients with SIII-GC-PD. CSF-1 was associated with the inflammatory status of periodontal tissues and T2DM, while IL-34 was associated only with T2DM.