• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2009

The congestion in wireless sensor network increases the ratio of data loss and causes the delay of data. The existing congestion protocols for wireless sensor network reduces the amount of transmission by control the sampling frequency of the sensor nodes related to the congestion when the congestion has occurred and was detected. However, the control method of sampling frequency is not applicable on the situation which is sensitive to the temporal data loss. In the paper, we propose a new congestion control, ACT - Adaptive Congestion conTrol. The ACT monitors the network traffic with the queue usage and detects the congestion based on the multi level threshold of queue usage. Given network congestion, the ACT increases the efficiency of network by adaptive flow control method which adjusts the frequency of packet transmission and guarantees the fairness of packet transmission between nodes. Furthermore, ACT increases the quality of data by using the variable compression method. Through experiment, we show that ACT increases the network efficiency and guarantees the fairness to sensor nodes compared with existing method.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.282-285
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• 2012

In this study, the ability of Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina to use biomass resources for anaerobic digestive biogas production was examined. The differences in cell wall structure pretreatments affecting the yield of soluble products showed that D. salina is a better candidate for biogas production than C. vulgaris. There was no significant difference between pretreated and non-pretreated D. salina in terms of methane production yield by inocula obtained from anaerobic digestion systems. Therefore, D. salina is a suitable algal biomass for biogas production due to its high biomass productivity, simple pretreatment needs, and easy conversion to biogas.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2012

The growing interest in smartphones has increased the number of studies conducted on technology acceptance and user satisfaction. It is now over two years since the launching of smartphones, but there are not many researches on the usage behavior of today's smartphone users. Smart devices have evolved from smartphone to smart pad and smart TV, but there are still not many studies on variables such as knowledge about the parent product and the ability to use it. With this, I decided to study how the motivation and the ability of using smartphones affected the smartphone user's intention to use smartpads. This study presents the usage behavior of smartphone users and proves that the ability to use a parent product (smartphone) affects the user's intention to use an extension product (smartpad). The research results showed that the smartphone usage ability affected both variety of use and rate of use. The convenience and passing time factors affected variety of use; and the social interaction, entertainment and passing time factors affected rate of use. As for the intention to use smartpads, the smartphone usage ability and variety of use positively affected the smartphone user's intention to use smartpads. This study showed that the more the user used a smartphone to pass time and for convenience, the more effectively the user could use various functions. It proves that the variety of use of smartphone is highly related to the acceptance of smartpads. This study also proves that usage ability is an important factor in using innovative products, such as smart devices.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.38-43
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• 2014

In this study, we evaluated the methylene blue (MB) adsorption potential of non-treated and UV-C pretreated bacterial biomass from aqueous solution. The UV-C pretreatment denature the biomass and has increased overall functional groups when compared to non-treated biomass. The biosorbent was exposed to various pH, biomass dose, and contact time. The results showed that the dried and UV-C pretreated biomass effectively removed MB within 30 min. Dried and UV-C pretreated biomass of Bacillus pseudomycoides JH 2-2 showed a adsorption of 858.2 and 1072.4 mg/g at optimum conditions (pH: 9.0, contact time: 30 min, biomass dose: 1 g/L). Similarly, dried and UV-C pretreated biomass of Citrobacter freundii JH 11-2 showed an adsorption 868.3 and 954 mg/g at optimum conditions (pH: 9.0, contact time: 10 min, biomass dose: 1.5 g/L). The changes in the functional groups of UV-C pretreated biomass could be responsible for enhanced adsorption of MB. The results obtained have shown that non-treated and UV-C pretreated biomass has a high adsorption capacity for MB dye and can be used as a low-cost biosorbent in wastewater treatments.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.144-161
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• 2011

Objectives: Oriental Medicine has thousands years of history. But this era, every medical decision should be based on scientific evidence, that is evidence-based medicine (EBM). This study is to suggest quantitative case report form for dysmenorrhea that can be easily used in clinics. Methods: First, to search published papers in Korea and overseas, OASIS, KISS and NCBI(pubmed) database. Second, to search clinical trials in clinical trial register website, ISRCTN and clinicaltrials.gov. Result: Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) is the most commonly used scale. Conclusion: The main scales for dysmenorrhea are Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Multidimensional verbal Rating scale(MVRS), pain-killer intake amount and restriction of daily life activities. To measure the effect of herbal medicine, more than 2 menstrual cycle is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.353-360
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• 2017

Background: A critical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cognitive dysfunction, which partly arises from decreased in acetylcholine levels. AD afftected brains are characterized by extensive oxidative stress, which is thought to be primarily induced by the amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) peptide. In a previous study, Cinnamomum loureiroi tincture inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. That study identified AChE inhibitor in the C. loureiroi extract. Furthermore, the C. loureiroi extract enhanced memory in a trimethyltin (TMT)-induced model of cognitive dysfunction, as assessed via two behavioral tests. Rosa laevigata extract protected against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Administrating R. laevigata extracts to mice significantly reversed $A{\beta}$-induced learning and memory impairment, as shown in behavioral tests. Methods and Results: We conducted behavioral to examine the synergistic effects of C. loureiroi and R. laevigata extracts in inhibiting AChE and counteracting TMT-induced learning and memory losses. We also performed biochemical assays. The biochemical results showed a relationship between increased oxidative stress and cholinergic neurons damage in TMT-treated mice. Conclusions: A diet containing C. loureiroi and R. laevigata extracts ameliorated learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests, and exerted synergistic inhibitory effect against AChE and lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.365-372
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aroma hand massage and hand massage on sleep disturbance and depression in hospitalized elderly patients. The study was performed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected by using questionnaires and the measured values from 1 June to 31 August, 2006. The subjects who were admitted to the B Medical Center Hospital in Busan. A total of 40 subjects were selected : 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The aroma hand massage was administered to the experimental group, and hand massage was given to the control group. The experimental group were applied the aroma hand massage executed by methods such as effleurage, circling, pressing, etc. to both hands using a solution diluting six drops of lavender oil, and bergamot oil, 3% in jojoba oil 20 cc. In the experimental group, aroma hand massage was given for 10 minutes, three times a week, during 2 weeks. The control group receiving the hand massage was given the massage for 10 minutes every two days for 2 weeks. The result of the study are as follows : 1) The first hypothesis : "The Experimental group would have a higher degree of sleep score than the control group" was supported(F=31.798, p=p<0.001). 2) The second hypothesis : "The Experimental group would have a lower degree of depression score than the control group" was supported(F=21.743, p<0.001). Aroma hand massage is an effective nursing intervention for decreased sleep disturbance and depression. Therefore, aroma hand massage by nursing intervention is strongly recommended for improving psychological and physiological functions in hospitalized elderly patients.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 2009

For the mapping of two dimensional table structures of relational databases to the hierarchical XML documents, we apply the foreign key relationships of relational databases. In other words, the primary key of another table referenced by a foreign key of one tuple is mapped to the parent of the foreign key. Then XML hierarchies with order are expressed. In addition, the XML view file generated by the foreign key mappings shows side effects in the case of the relational database update for the satisfaction of referential integrity constraint in the foreign key. Thus, by inferring the foreign key roles at the generation of XML hierarchies, we can anticipate where the side effects occur in the hierarchies. We keep the XML view files up-to-date by reflecting the side effects to the XML files at the update of the underlying relational databases.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.171-184
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• 2015

Nowadays, mobile commerce is having an increasingly profound impact on our daily lives, and offer interesting and advantageous new services. Mobile payment is an emerging and important application of mobile commerce in smart work, enabling users to use their mobile devices (especially mobile phones) for paying goods and services wherever they go. The appearance of m-payment is expected to provide us a convenient and bright future to enjoy. That is the common trend on over the world, but in Vietnam, although the number of smart phone users has been increasing rapidly, the adoption of m-payment system still didn't succeed completely. The research reviewed literature regarding mobile payment services, analyzed the impact of customer characteristics and system characteristics on m-payment adoption in Vietnam. To analyze the adoption behaviors of m-payment users, m-payment research model which consists of three customer-characteristics (m-payment trust, personal innovativeness, m-payment knowledge) and four m-payment system characteristics (mobility, reachability, convenience, compatibility) were studied. The results indicate that perceived usefulness, trust, and compatibility are the important predictors to the intention to use m-payment. This study will assist m-payment services suppliers in implementing appropriate business models and service strategies to successfully attract customer to use m-payment in Vietnam, allowing managers to exert appropriate investment, time, and effort for m-payment system development in designing smart working.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

Leukocyte in blood smear image provides significant information to doctors for diagnosis of patient health status. Therefore, it is necessary step to separate leukocyte from blood smear image among various blood cells for early disease prediction. In this paper, we present a saliency map and stepwise region merging based leukocyte segmentation method. Since leukocyte region has salient color and texture, we create a saliency map using these feature map. Saliency map is used for sub-image separation. Then, clustering is performed on each sub-image using mean-shift. After mean-shift is applied, stepwise region-merging is applied to particle clusters to obtain final leukocyte nucleus. The experimental results show that our system can indeed improve segmentation performance compared to previous researches with average accuracy rate of 71%.