• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2016

Genomic DNAs isolated from crucian carp of four rivers, belonging to the family Cyprinidae was amplified by seven oligonucleotides primers. In the present study, we employed hierarchical clustering method in order to reveal genetic distances and variations. Crucian carp was acquired from Hangang river (CAH), Geumgang river (CAG), Nakdonggang river (CAN) and Yeongsangang river (CAY). The primer BION-12 generated the most loci (a total of 50) with an average of 10 in the CAY population. The primer BION-10 generated the least loci (a total of 19), with an average of 3.8 in the CAG population, in comparison to the other primers used. Seven oligonucleotides primers made 16.7 average no. per primer of specific loci in the CAH population, 7.4 in the CAG population, 8.6 in the CAN population and 0.9 in the CAY population, respectively. The specific loci generated by oligonucleotides primers revealed inter-individual-specific characteristics, thus disclosing DNA polymorphisms. The dendrogram obtained by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates four genetic clusters. The genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.06 and no.08 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.036), while the genetic distance among the five individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.08 and no.09 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.088). With regard to average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from CAY population ($0.985{\pm}0.009$) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from CAH population ($0.779{\pm}0.049$) (P<0.05). Relatively, individuals of CAY population were fairly closely related to that of CAN location (genetic distance between two populations<0.016).

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2017

We assessed the microhabitat conditions of three fish species (black shinner Pseudopungtungia nigra, striped shinner Pungtungia herzi, Korean shinner Coreoleuciscus splendidus) considering various stream order in the Geumgang River Basin. A total of 1,275 individuals were collected from 19 sites. And the microhabitat condition was assessed measuring flow velocity, water depth and substrate size at each site. The highest relative frequencies for P. herzi, C. splendidus and P. nigra were calculated 100% (n = 310), 78.9% (n = 784) and 47.3% (n = 181) respectively. P. herzi appeared in all streams, irrespective of their stream order; however, appearance in streams with the $2^{nd}$ order or lower was found to be scarcer than in the ones with the $3^{rd}$ order or higher. On the other hand, P. nigra and C. splendidus didn't appear in streams with the $2^{nd}$ order or lower. When it comes to P. nigra, the ones with 7 to 8 cm in length most frequently appeared. They inhabited streams, mainly, with 0.2 to $0.4m\;s^{-1}$ and 0.5 m in velocity and water depth, respectively. The three species all preferred runs as types of habitats with lots of coarse gravels-cobbles. P. herzi, the ones with 5 cm or shorter in length most frequently appeared. They inhabited streams, mainly, with 0 to $0.3m\;s^{-1}$ and 0.4 m in velocity and water depth, respectively. C. splendidus with 7 to 8 cm in length occupied the majority of them. They appeared in streams, mainly, with $0.9m\;s^{-1}$or higher and 0.3 m in velocity and water depth.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.439-454
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• 2013

UN-REDD (United Nations programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) is currently being emerged as one of important mechanism to reduce carbon dioxide in relation to the deforestation. Although administrative boundary has already gained world-wide recognition as a typical method of monitoring unit in the process of GHG (Greenhouse Gas) reduction project, this approach did not provide a realistic evidence in the carbon sequestering monitoring in terms of UN-REDD; the meaningful comparison of land use patterns among watershed boundaries, interpretation for distribution trends of carbon density, calculation of opportunity cost, leakage management, etc. This research proposes a comparative evaluation framework in a more objective and quantitative way for carbon sequestering monitoring between administrative and watershed boundary approaches. Mt. Geumgang of North Korea was selected as a survey objective and an exhaustive and realistic comparison of carbon sequestration between the two approaches was conducted, based on change detection using TM satellite images. It was possible for drainage boundary approach to identify more detailed area-wide patterns of carbon distribution than traditional administrative one, such as estimations of state and trends, including historical trends, of land use / land cover and carbon density in the Mt. Geumgang. The distinctive changing trends in terms of carbon sequestration were specifically identified over the watershed boundary from 4.0% to 34.8% while less than 1% difference was observed in the administrative boundaries, which were resulting in almost 21-22%. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference to support more scientific and objective decision-making in introducing watershed boundary as carbon sequestering monitoring unit.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2018

멸종위기종 미호종개 C. choii의 생태학적 특징을 밝히고 복원의 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 섭식생태를 충청남도 청양군 청남면 인양리의 금강지류 지천에서 조사를 실시하였다. 미호종개는 3월부터 10월까지 활동기로, 11월부터 2월까지는 월동기로 나누어졌으며, 활동기에는 주행성 어류로 기질 (모래) 밖으로 나와 활동하였다. 소화관내용물을 상대중요성 지수 (index of relative importance, IRI)로 분석한 결과, 파리목 (Diptera) 69.9%, 요각목 (Copepoda) 23.2%, 꽃병벌레과 (Arcellidae) 2.3%, 새각목 (Branchiopoda) 2.0%, 유영목(Ploima) 2.0% 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 크기가 작은 당년생 치어(0년생)는 유영목과 새각목을 주로 섭식하였으나, 성어(2~3년생)는 크기가 큰 깔다구과(Chironomidae)를 주로 섭식하여 차이를 보였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.460-470
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• 2009

본 연구는 금강 철새도래지 생태관광객의 인구통계적인 특성별로 만족도의 차이를 규명하고, 관광객의 만족에 영향을 미치는 결정요인 및 만족도 예측모형을 도출함으로써, 바람직한 생태관광지 관리를 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 하였다. 분석 결과, 연령층과 학력수준에 따라 관광객 만족도에 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 모든 생태관광지 만족도 요인들이 종합적 만족도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 검증되었다. 특히 '지식 정보성' 요인과 '체험성' 요인의 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 생태관광객 만족도의 극대화를 위해, 관광객의 연령층과 학력수준에 따른 개별 집단의 수요 특성 및 만족도 수준을 고려한 기초조사가 선행되어야 하고, 이를 바탕으로 생태관광 세분시장에 대한 차별적이고 구체적인 생태관광 서비스를 제공하기 위한 방안을 모색해야 한다. 또한 관광객의 지적인 요구수준을 충족할 수 있도록 생태학습 및 자연체험 등 교육적으로 유익하고 학습 지향적인 다양한 생태체험프로그램과 생태탐방코스를 더욱 확충해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1085-1099
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to suggest the methodology to select prior areas in the environmental pollution survey for livestock excreta (EPSLE) as well as to elucidate the validity of the methodology. In this study, the prior areas in the EPSLE were determined by examining the number of compost facilities categorized according to the three levels of size including the basin, the sub-basin and the watershed, respectively, based on the data from "Annual Nation-wide Pollution Sources Survey (2012)". The results suggested that the list of prior basins were Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Han river basins in order. Also, it was examined that the prior sub-basins in the four river basins including Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Han rivers were Naesung Stream, Geumgang Gongju, Juam Dam and Namhan Downstream, respectively. The prior watersheds in the sub-basins of Naesung stream, Geumgang Gongju, Juam Dam and Namhan Downstream were Seocheon Downstream, Geum Stream, Gyeombaek Suwipyo and Yanghwa Stream, respectively. The validity of the methodology used in this study was elucidated by analyzing the correlation of the number of compost facilities with the concentrations of T-N and T-P observed in the end-points of sub-basins. The results of correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of T-N and T-P increased with the number of compost facilities. Specifically, there was the stronger correlation between the number of compost facilities and the concentrations of T-N than that for T-P. Consequently, it was proved that the methodology used in this work was valid and rational for the selection of prior areas in environmental pollution survey for EPSLE.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.389-401
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological status of six areas around Geumgang River that used to be farmlands before they were restored as a riverine ecobelt. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the location environment and ecological status of the sites to identify the environmental factors affecting them. Methods: The sites are classified into four types according to restoration: terraced paddy fields, flat paddy fields, artificial wetland, and landscape forest. The survey items were divided into land use status, plant ecology, and animal ecology. Results: In terms of plant ecology, terraced paddy fields showed favorable naturality with the rate of native species above 90% and the naturalization index below 10%. In terms of animal ecology, the total number of species found in these areas was biggest in terraced paddy fields, followed by flat paddy fields, artificial wetland, and landscape forest. Regarding species diversity, terraced paddy fields also showed abundant species with an average of 1.05 to 1.09. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the forest area around the sites had the most significant effect on species diversity. The grassland and open water area showed a positive correlation with the total number of animal species and the number of dragonflies, confirming that the marshy grassland had a positive effect. As the cultivated land and urbanized area around the sites increased, it had a negative effect on the distribution of native species and the number of animal species that appeared, and a positive effect on the naturalization index. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish preemption and restoration plans for sites such as grasslands adjacent to the forest and terraced paddy fields in order to promote resilience of the diverse species returning to the purchased lands.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study was carried out to assess the relationship between the internal and external environments and the ecological items in five sites with a high level of artificial use intensity prior to the establishment of Geumgang River riparian ecological belts. Methods: The sites were classified into forest type, cultivated land type and urbanized type in accordance with their respective locational types. Ecological items including plant ecology such as proportion, naturalization index and urbanization index of native species were analyzed and animal ecology such as the number of species and population of wild birds, amphibians and reptiles, mammals, and butterflies and dragonflies, which are indicator insects, were investigated. In addition, species diversity indices of wild birds, butterflies and dragonflies found in all the subject lands were computed. Results: Among the plant ecological items, the ratio of native species in the forest type was higher than 90%, which was a satisfactory level, while the naturalization and urbanization indices were less than 10%. The number of species in the animal ecological characteristics was reduced in the order of forest type, cultivated land type and urbanized type. As the results of correlation analysis, the internal area of the planted area showed a negative correlation with the total of individuals. The area of grasslands showed a positive correlation with the number of dragonfly species and the total number of individuals, thereby illustrating that wet grasslands have positive effects. The area of surrounding forests, as an external environment, had a negative correlation with the urbanization index (UI) but a positive correlation with the inhabitation of butterflies and the total number of species. Conclusion: The results confirmed the need for more diversified special compositions including planted land, grassland, wetland, bodies of water and waterways within the subject land in the wetland ecological belt along with the need for surrounding forest location and preservation from the perspective of purchase and restoration of land for enhancement of wider biodiversity in the future.

• 생태와환경
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2022

해양수산부에서는 내수면 자원조성을 목적으로 뱀장어 전용어도 설치사업을 추진하였으며, 현재 금강하굿둑('18년), 영암방조제('19년), 아산만방조제('20년)에 뱀장어 전용어도가 설치되어 운영중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 2021년 뱀장어 전용어도의 실뱀장어 소상 개체수를 모니터링하고 소상에 영향을 주는 요인들을 조사하였다. 뱀장어 전용어도의 실뱀장어 소상은 염분이 비교적 낮을 때 많았으며, 담수와 해수 수온이 20℃ 이상일 때 시작되었으며, 조석(소조기, 대조기, 기타시기)에 따른 차이는 없었다. 연도별 출현 개체수를 비교하였을 때 2021년에 가장 많은 소상 개체수가 관찰되었으나, 이는 해측 실뱀장어의 분포량에 따른 것이 아닌 조사자의 어도 보수와 불법 조업의 계도에 따른 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2010

금강호의 시.공간적인 수질변화와 이러한 변화에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보기 위해 강경과 하구언에서 2001년 8월부터 2008년 7월까지 보고된 수질자료(COD, SS, $Chl-{\alpha}$, TN, TDN, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^-$, TP, TDP, $PO_4^{3-}$)를 통계적으로 비교 분석하였다. 통계분석으로는 평균비교, 요인분석, 중회귀분석 등을 수행하였으며 TP에 관하여 물질수지를 계산하였다. 조사기간 동안 금강호 내에서 각 수질항목들의 시간적인 변화를 평균농도변화로서 살펴보면 2002년에 비하여 2007년에 $NH_4^+$는 60%, $PO_4^{3-}$는 24%, 그리고 TDP는 52% 감소한 반면, TP와 $Chl-{\alpha}$는 각각 99%, 423% 증가하였다. 공간적으로는 강경이 하구언보다 질소계열과 인계열의 농도가 높은 반면, $Chl-{\alpha}$는 반대경향을 보였다. 금강호내에서 수질에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요인들을 판단하기 위하여 요인분석을 수행한 결과, "질소계열(TN, TDN, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$)과 인계열(TP, TDP, $PO_4^{3-}$)의 계절적인 변화"가 전체분석 자료의 49%를 설명할 수 있는 것으로 나타나 가장 중요한 수질요인으로 분석되었다. 이중 금강호에서 최근 농도가 증가하고 있는 TP와 이로 인한 $Chl-{\alpha}$의 변화에 대한 중회귀분석결과, TP의 농도변화에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 항목은 계절적으로 풍수기에는 SS, 갈수기에는 $Chl-{\alpha}$인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 풍수기에는 강물에 포함된 입자성인에 의한 TP의 유입이, 갈수기에는 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 의한 TP의 소모가 TP의 농도변화에 영향을 준다고 해석되었다. 반면 $Chl-{\alpha}$의 농도는 풍수기에는 COD가, 갈수기에는 TP가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타남으로서 풍수기에는 상류측에서 물리적으로 유입된 식물 플랑크톤의 영향이 하류측에 직접된 것으로 판단되며, 갈수기의 $Chl-{\alpha}$의 농도변화는 TP의 농도에 의해 결정됨을 보였다. 결과적으로 금강호에서 TP는 지속적으로 증가하고 있고, 계절적으로 갈수기에 $Chl-{\alpha}$의 증가에 중요한 인자인것으로 나타났다. 이러한 TP의 호수 내 유출입양을 정량적으로 파악하기 위해 계절적으로 풍수기와 갈수기로 구분하여 물질수지를 계산한 결과, 풍수기 동안 가장 중요한 공급원은 강물에 의한 유입량(38%)이었고, 대부분은 이외의 기타공급원(Other Sources)이 60%를 차지하였으며 퇴적물로부터 공급량은 1% 정도로 미미하였다. 그 반면, 갈수기 동안에는 강물과 기타 공급원에 인한 부하량이 각각 48%와 47%로 유사하게 차지하였고, 퇴적물로부터의 공급량은 5%로 증가하였다. 수질이 악화되는 갈수기인 경우 기타 공급원 중 특히 철새로 인한 공급량은 유입 TP공급량의 최대 8%, 기타 공급원의 최대 21%를 차지하는 것으로 추산되었다.