• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2016

Factors affecting germination of seeds in the forms of various environment and chemical compounds. The present study was aim to produced effective seed propagation method of Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai which had expected high value for the cut flower, ornamental and pharmaceutical material. Seed width and length ranged 0.62, 2.22 ㎜, respectively, and weight of thousand seeds was 40.5 ㎎. As result of imbibition test, showed moisture content of fresh seed (2.57%) increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment under 24 hours, recording to maximum value of 29.8%, and expansion of the seed coat was observed. Seed germination was the best at 15℃ and light conditions (40.8%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination of seeds was improved under the low (15, 20℃) than high temperature (25, 30℃). In addition, the seed was not germinated at dark condition regardless of temperature. Seeds of A. koreana thus seemed that it had low temperature germinability conditions. To improve germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators such as GA₃ and kinetin, and minerals as KNO₃ and KCl. As a results, KNO₃ treatment, regardless of concentrations, promoted germination compared to control. Especially, percent of germination (77.8%), germination energy (96.1%), mean germination time (11.3 days) and T₅₀ (6.5 days) were effectively improved by treatment of KNO₃ 20 mM.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.290-295
• /
• 2017

Background: Senna tora is a flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. Its seeds are roasted and consumed as tea in Asia, to reduce inflammation in the liver and improve eyesight. Thus, it has been considered as an important medicinal crops in Asia. However, breeding trials to improve its genetic properties are rare. Mutation breeding by gamma ray is known to be an effective and highly successful approach for the generation of agronomically useful cultivars. Here we analyzed the effects of several dosages of gamma ray on the biological conditions of Senna tora seeds. Methods and Results: The germination rate and growth patterns of Senna tora were examined following irradiation with gamma ray at 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy. The total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activities of Senna tora were analyzed. Germination increased at 100 and 200 Gy in the M1 and M2 generations compared with that of the control (M0). The total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity of the seeds significantly decreased as the radiation dosage increased above 100 Gy in the M1 generation. Conclusions: Senna tora, irradiated with gamma ray at dosages 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy, showed maximum germination rate at 200 Gy in the M2 generation. Plant height and leaf size gradually decreased with increasing gamma ray intensity in the M2 generation. The total phenolic compound contents decreased significantly at 400 Gy, and the related antioxidant activity was also decreased as the radiation dosage increased.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.352-357
• /
• 2011

Rose seed shows low germination percentages (about 20%) because it has a high amount of substances that inhibit germination in the pericarp. We investigated the effect of orientation of achene, the day after pollination (DAP), and cold storage with or without half-cut in achene for the germination percentage in R. rugosa. Germination percentages of intact or half-cut achenes were investigated in a 16-hour photoperiod at $25^{\circ}C$ room on basal MS medium for two weeks. In germination percentage, maximum 100% was measured within one week when half-cut achenes were cultured on an orientation that the embryos facing to the light. Half-cut achenes at 90 DAP were germinated 100% regardless of cold storage. Various LED lights (red, blue, yellow, green, and white) were illuminated over the half-cut achenes to gain the effect of light color. Germination percentage of R. rugosa seeds under blue LED reached the greatest with 90% within one week of culture and these seedlings were the best with a steady growth rate. It is concluded that half-cut achenes would be an effective method to improve seed germination in R. rugosa without stratification or scarification. This system could be applied to breeding studies in rose cultivars.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to develop the improved useful mutants for yield or composition of stevia plants using the gamma ray or chemical mutagens treatments. The seeds of stevia 'Suwon No. 11' were irradiated up to 400 Gy of gamma ray. Chemical mutagens were treated on the seeds of the 'Suwon No. 11' using 0.07% colchicine, 10 mM sodium azide, or 10 mM NMU for various durations. The germination rate, and shoot and root growth of seedling were estimated at 30 days after gamma ray irradiation or chemical mutagen treatment, and the plant height, the number of branches, and leaf length and width were examined at 3 months after mutagenesis treatments. In the case of gamma ray treatments, the germination rate and early-stage growth were decreased as the increase of radiation dose, and the 50% lethal dose was found to be 200 Gy. the plant height was decreased as the increase of radiation dose, while the number of branches per plant and leaf length were increased. Leaf shape was modified to the relatively longer one compared to the control, which was identified more apparently at the treatments of higher than 150 Gy. In the treatment of chemical mutagens, the rate of germination and survival were decreased as the increase of incubation time. The 50% lethal dose for germination rate were identified as the conditions of the 15 hours incubation in 0.07% colchicine, the 4 hrs in 10 mM sodium azide, and the 2 hrs in 10 mM NMU, in the three chemical mutagens treatments. Chemical mutagens had no influence on shoot growth, while root growth was increased, especially as the incubation time was extended. The highest root growth occurred in the NMU treatment at 6 hrs incubation time. The plant height was decreased as the increase of incubation time in the chemical mutagens treatments. Among the chemical mutagens, NMU was the most effective to induce the mutants with long-shaped or the least lobed leaves.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.421-427
• /
• 2019

Mobilization of storage lipids is critical for the germination of oil seeds, as they supply carbon and energy until photosynthesis commences in cotyledons. In this study, we determined the levels of plant carnitine and associated changes in these levels from seed germination to cotyledon senescence. We also examined changes in the content of unsaturated fatty acids throughout seedling development. Carnitine levels peaked on day 3 at 14.5 nM in cotyledons and decreased sharply to 7.2 nM on day 4. On development day 3 carnitine levels were maintained at around 3 nM until day 7. The unsaturated fatty acid content dropped by half at the same time as carnitine peaked (day-3), and storage lipids were almost depleted by day 5. Thereafter, carnitine was hardly detected until the second stage of cotyledon senescence, at which stage the carnitine content was 6.8 nM, similar to that on day 4 at the time of fatty acid depletion in the cotyledons. Unsaturated fatty acids levels remained constant in green cotyledons but slightly increased in the senescing cotyledons. The latter can be explained by intracellular breakdown of membrane lipids. This is the first such discovery in developing cotyledons and may offer clues regarding other roles of the acetyl unit transport system in plants. The expression of BOU was closely associated with carnitine metabolism during seed germination and cotyledon development. The results provide support for the possibility of carbon re-routing during the glyoxylate cycle in the supply of energy for early germination and development.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1.1-11
• /
• 1992

To find heavy metal-specific effects on the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants, we investigated effects of $CuCl_2$, HgCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2$ on electron transport activity and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of chloroplasts isolated from barley seedlings. Effects on some related processes such as germination, growth and photosynthetic pigments of the test plants were also studied. Germination and growth rate were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by these metals. Mercury was shown to be the most potent inhibitor of germination, growth and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments of barley plants. In the inhibition of electron transport activity, quantum yield of PS II, and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of chloroplasts isolated from barley seedlings, mercury chloride showed more pronounced effects than other two metals. Contrary to the effects of other two metals, mercury chloride increased variable fluorescence significantly and abolished qE in the fluorescence induction kinetics from broken chloroplasts of barley seedlings. This increase in variable fluorescence is due to the inhibition of the electron transport chain after PS ll and the following dark reactions. The inhibition of qE could be attributed to the interruption of pH formation and do-epoxidation of violaxathin to zeaxanthin in thylakoids by mercury. This unique effect of mercury on chlorophyll fluorescence induction pattern could be used as a good indicator for testing the presence and/or the concentration of mercury in the samples contaminated with heavy metals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.32-35
• /
• 1978

In order to screen cold tolerant soybean lines, germination at various temperature, and emergence and seedling height at 1$0^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Since the most conspicuous varietal difference of the germination speed was observed at 1$0^{\circ}C$, the germination test at 1$0^{\circ}C$ would be effective in screening cold tolerant lines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.2
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of experimental warming using infrared lamps on seed germination and seedling survival rate of Pinus densiflora and Abies holophylla. The air temperature of warmed plots had been automatically maintained 3 higher than control plots. The percent germinations (%) of the two coniferous species were higher in warmed plots than in control plots, however a significant difference appeared only in A. holophylla. In addition, P. densiflora and A. holophylla showed the shorter mean germination time (days), higher germination rate ($seed{\cdot}day^{-1}$) and germination energy (%) in warmed plots than in control plots. A. holophylla showed a higher seedling mortality rate in the warmed plots than in control plots because of increased air and soil temperatures and decreased soil moisture. However, seedling survival rate of P. densiflora showed no significant difference by experimental warming. In the future, changed air and soil temperatures and soil moisture due to global warming will induce a variety of changes in seed germination and survival rate of tree species in nursery culture. Therefore, it is necessary to establish adaptation strategies that improve techniques in nursery culture against global warming.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.731-738
• /
• 2012

Dandelion has been widely utilized for medicinal and edible purposes. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental LED (light-emitting diode) light on germination, growth characteristics and anthocyanin content of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) seedling using LED blue (460 nm), red (660 nm, R), blue + red (B:R=6:4) and fluorescent lamp light treatment. By LED illumination to T. officinale seed germination speed was delayed, and germination rate was the highest in the fluorescent light. The growth characteristics (plant height, number of leaves, root length and fresh weight) were greatly influenced by supplemental LED light compared with control treatment, and the growth promotion was the most effective in the red LED illumination. After 60 days of red and mixed LED light treatments, anthocyanin content of dandelion plants was significantly changed. The anthocyanin content was increased by 12~19 mg/100 g under the red LED and the mixed light conditions compared with the control and the blue LED. Results indicate that illumination with red and mix LEDs, compared with other light treatments, is beneficial for promotion of growth and anthocyanin content in dandelion.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.324-327
• /
• 2000

Soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Hwangkeum) seeds were irradiated with the dose of $0{\sim}20$ Gy to investigate the effect of the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation on the early growth and resistance to subsequent high dose of radiation. Germination rate was not enhanced in the seeds irradiated with low dos ${\gamma}-ray$ but plant height and fresh weight increased in the low dose irradiation group. The optimal radiation dose for the growth increasing was 8 Gy in soybean plant. Growth inhibition of soybean plants by high dose radiation was noticeably reduced by pre-irradiation of low dose radiation, Resistance to subsequent high dose of radiation was effective in 8 Gy and 20 Gy irradiation group.