• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.743-748
• /
• 2009

Fungal diversity during composting was investigated by culture-independent rDNA sequence analysis. Composting was carried out with pig manure and mushroom cultural waste using a field-scale composter (Hazaka system), and samples were collected at various stages. Based on partial sequence analysis of large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and sequence identity values, a total of 12 different fungal species were found at six sampling sites; Geotrichum sp., Debaryomyces hansenii, Monographella nivalis, Acremonium strictum, Acremonium alternatum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Myriangium durosai, Pleurotus eryngii, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Fusarium sporotrichioides. Geotrichum sp. of the class Saccharomycetes was the most predominant fungal species throughout the composting process (185 out of a total of 236 identified clones, or 78.4%), followed by Acremonium strictum (7.6%), Monographella nivalis (5.1%), and Pleurotus eryngii (3.8%). The prevalence of Geotrichum sp. was the lowest (61.1%) at the beginning of composting, and then gradually increased to 92.5% after 10 days of composting.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.560-563
• /
• 2001

Geotrichum sp. MF01, isolated from oil-contaminated soil, utilized methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The strain MF01 showed a Michaelis-Menten kinetics on MEK, and the kinetic parameters determined for MEK degradation were; specific removal rate, $r_{max}$ = 0.14 $h^{-1}$; half-saturation constant, $K_m$ = 5.88 mM. The adsorption of MEK by heat-killed strain was 0.62 mg at 8.07 mg MEK indicating that the degradation was the primary removal mechanism over adsorption. Biodegradation of MEK was studied in a biofilter using perlite, vermiculite 0:1, v/v) as supporting material. During 57 days of biofilter operation, $^3h^{-1}$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.23 no.4 s.75
• /
• pp.318-324
• /
• 1995

The evolutionary relationships of the genus Trichoderma and related taxa were assessed using partial sequencing of 18S ribosomal RNA. Phylogenetic tree divided into three major groups; 1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Geotrichum klebahnii-Alternaria mali group; 2. Neurospora crassa-Aspergillus-Penicillium-Chrysosporium pannorum-Scopulariopsis sp. group; 3. Trichoderma group. The genus Trichoderma seemed to be phylogenetically separated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus and Penicillium groups, and have passed through it's own evolutionary pathway.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.80 no.3
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 1991

Butt-rot fungi were isolated from decayed portion in butt rotted larch trees[Larix leptolepis(Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord.]. From a total of 216 affected trees in 38 forests of five provinces, Sparassis crispa(Wulf. ex Fr.) Fr. was isolated with the highest frequency, i.e.. 28% of the total trees. Laetiporus sulphureus(Fr.) Bond. et Sing, with 19%, and Phaeolus schweinitzii(Fr.) Pat. with 8%. However, none of these fungi was isolated from 45% of the trees. Wood decaying abilities and interaction of four basidiomycetous and three non-basidiomyo:etous fungi isolated from butt rotted trees were investigated. The weight loss of larch wood blocks, when exposed to the culture of a fungus for six months, was 19.6% for P. schweinitzii, 10% for S. crispa, 8.2% for L. sulphurous, 5.1% for Coriolus hirsutus, and less than 4.4% for three non-basidiomycetous fungi. In incubation with combinations of the fungi, the wood decay activity of S. crispa, L. sulphurous and C. hirsutus was increased by the non-basidiomycetous fungi of Geotrichum candidacy, G. sp. and Verticillium sp., but that of P. schweinitzii was not.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.170-174
• /
• 2006

For the purpose of developing a high quality agricultural microbial inoculant, methods and materials for improving encapsulation were investigated. Preparation of capsule was conducted by improving extrusion system with micro-nozzle and peristaltic pump. The sodium alginate was selected because of its cheapness, stability of cells, and gel formation ability. The yields, physical properties and gel formation abilities of extractable alginate from sea tangle were investigated by hot water extractable and alkali soluble methods. The extraction yields of hot water extractable alginate (HWEA) and alkali soluble alginate (ASA) from sea tangle were 8 and 20%, respectively. The HWEA was almost not viscous even in 1.5% of the sample solution, whereas the ASA was very highly viscous in above 3% sample solution. The gel formation ability of each samples varied from 1.5% to 5% and the ASA showed a good gel formation ability at 3% solution as commercial alginate (CA). The soil microbial inoculant, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Geotrichum candidum encapsulated sodium alginate with starch and zeolite for stabilizer. The survivability of encapsulated soil microbial inoculant using alginate without stabilizer appeared to be 66, 52, 70 and 50%, respectively. Inclusion of starch and zeolite with alginate bead increased viabilities in Bacillus sp. and Geotrichum candidum by 81-83% and 89%, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.305-314
• /
• 2002

For the Exp. 1, a total of seventy two pigs (10.53${\pm}$0.02kg average initial body weight) were used in a 38-d growth assay to determine the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) supplementation on growth performance and fecal microbial populations. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet), 2) SC0.2 (CON diet+0.2% SC) and 3) SC0.4 (CON diet+0.4% SC). Through the entire experimental period, ADG, ADFI and gain/feed were not significantly different among the treatments. At d 7 and 14 after the onset of the experiment, fecal Lactobacilli sp. count increased as the concentration of SC in the diets was increased (linear effect, P$<$0.01). At d 7 after the onset of the experiment, fecal Escherichia coli count decreased as the concentration of SC in the diets was increased (linear effect, P$<$0.02, quadratic effect, P$<$0.03). For the Exp. 2, forty five pigs (49.71${\pm}$0.45kg average initial body weight) were used in a 28-d growth assay to determine the effects of complex probiotics (CPB, Phichia anomala ST, Galactomyces geotrichum SR59, Thiobacillus sp.) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal $NH_3$-N and volatile fatty acid concentrations. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (corn-SBM based diet), 2) CPB0.2 (CON diet+0.2% CPB) and 3) CPB0.3 (CON diet+0.3% CPB). Through the entire experimental period, pigs fed CPB0.3 diet significantly increased their ADG compared to pigs fed CON and CPB0.2 diets (P$<$0.05). Also, apparent digestibility of DM and N in pigs fed CPB0.3 diet was greater than for pigs fed CON diet (P$<$0.05). Fecal $NH_3$-N decreased (P$<$0.05) in the pigs fed CPB diet compared to pigs fed CON diets. Also, pigs fed CPB0.3 diet significantly decreased their fecal propionic acid compared to pigs fed CON diets (P$<$0.05). In conclusion, the results obtained from these feeding trials suggest that the dietary SC for nursery pigs affects fecal microbial population. In finishing pigs, supplemental CPB was effective to improve ADG and nutrient digestibility but to decrease fecal noxious gas emission.