• 한국측량학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2005

수치지도 Ver. 2.0은 지리정보시스템에 적합하지만 수치지도로부터 외형적으로 정보를 취득하거나, 종이지도 제작을 위한 용이성 등은 오히려 퇴보되었다. 본. 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 고려하여 지리정보시스템에서 요구하는 기하하적, 논리적 데이터구조를 가지면서 종이지도 또는 수치지도 Ver. 1.0 수준의 정보력을 갖는 수치지도 Ver. 2.0을 제작하고자 한다. 연구를 위하여 동일지역의 종이지형도, 수치지도 Ver 1.0 및 수치지도 Ver 2.0을 대상으로 지형코드, 색상, 지형코드우선순위 등을 분석하였다. 지형코드의 우선순위에 대해서는 실제지형과 같은 순위로 배열함을 원칙으로 하되 위치에 따라 순위가 뒤바뀌는 경우에 대해서는 별도의 코드를 생성하였다. 본 연구의 특성상 색상 등과 같이 주관적인 감각이 포함되는 요소에 대해서는 기존의 도식규정을 준수하며, 지형지물의 외형적 표현방식과 전산자료구조가 서로 대치될 때는 자료구조에 우선순위를 두었다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2014

Next Generation Small Satellite-1 (NEXTSat-1) is scheduled to launch in 2017 and Instruments for the Study of Space Storm (ISSS) is planned to be onboard the NEXTSat-1. High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) is one of the equipment comprising ISSS and the main objective of HEPD is to measure the high energy particles streaming into the Earth radiation belt during the event of a space storm, especially, electrons and protons, to obtain the flux information of those particles. For the design of HEPD, the Geometrical Factor was calculated to be 0.05 to be consistent with the targets of measurement and the structure of telescope with field of view of $33.4^{\circ}$ was designed using this factor. In order to decide the thickness of the detector sensor and the classification of the detection channels, a simulation was performed using GEANT4. Based on the simulation results, two silicon detectors with 1 mm thickness were selected and the aluminum foil of 0.05 mm is placed right in front of the silicon detectors to shield low energy particles. The detection channels are divided into an electron channel and two proton channels based on the measured LET of the particle. If the measured LET is less than 0.8 MeV, the particle belongs to the electron channel, otherwise it belongs to proton channels. HEPD is installed in the direction of $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ against the along-track of a satellite to enable the efficient measurement of high energy particles. HEPD detects electrons with the energy of 0.1 MeV to several MeV and protons with the energy of more than a few MeV. Thus, the study on the dynamic mechanism of these particles in the Earth radiation belt will be performed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2003

요추부 척추에 기구를 시술한 유한요소 복합체 모델을 이용하여 제 4-5 요추간판에 대한 해석을 수행한 결과, 근육의 작용을 케이블과 케이블 가이드로써 단순화 모사한 follower 하중에서 수직하중인 경우보다 높은 압축력을 나타내어 더욱 안정함을 보였고 불안정성의 원인이 되는 전단력과 굽힘모멘트의 발생은 미미하였다. 장분절 고정에 의한 인접 분절에 전단력이 증가됨을 실험적으로 보였는데, 이는 장분절 고정이 퇴행성 변화 촉진에 기여할 것으로 추정된다.

• 복식
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• 제24권
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• pp.121-142
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• 1995

The Expressionism took shape in the early twentieth century, so called as the time of change and innovation which intermediated between the time of extreme prosperity and peace and the time of disruption. This study is based on the wide sense of Expressionism out of various concepts of Expressionism. The afore-mentioned phenomenon was emphasized all the more in the French Expressionism and it is the most important and substantial object in the Art to make a direct transference of emotion , feeling and thought and it could be regarded as one of characteristics of the French Expressionism . In Addition, the Expressionism produced " Aesthetics on Ugliness "Aesthetics des H lichen )" in creating work of art. It was an expression of the Existentialism based on Humanism for modern people who lived at time of nihility and such artistic movement accepted polarity and ambivalance concepts claimed by Nietzsche into three specific fields in accordance with thought and technique in the work of art and those are the Intuitional Expressionism. Cubistic Expressionism and Fantastic Expressionism. This study makes a close analysis of costume style trends on the basis of the categorized Expressionism enumerated as above. The characteristics of Intuitional Expressionism is that poverty and a sense of alienation dominated all society and thus the social reality brought a trend of social participation . This social reality effected significantly modern costume style and a reformative costume turned up at last . This reformative costume was classified into Gar onne look, Military look and Lingerie look by characteristics of style in order to make a close examination for the relationship between social reality and the reformative structure. Cubistic Expressionism effected costume forming and changed costume style through " Deformation " and " Distortion" in forming technique , and also it has developed geometrical style of costume, which could be symbolized by mechanism. And on the other hand, this Cubistic Expressionism has emphasized exaggerated expression ability to produce rigid and stiff style of costume. Fantastic Expression pursued basic artistic worth from the primitive and ethnic customs and accepted fantastic oriental Exoticism . This Fantastic Expressionism effected costume style of twentieh century and such designers as Lon Bakst, Paul Poiret, Elsa Schiapareli adopted intentive primary color. It also applied " Depaysment" to modern costume style , which introduced avant-garde design to give an impact through destruction of the existing traditional concept. This study also analized seven major representative costume designers of the early twentieth century. They are L on Bakst, Paul Poiret, Madeline Vionnet, JeanPatou, Gabriel Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli. These designers deployed creative costume design work with peculiar expression technique based on the French expressionism. The costume study related to art history was so far made mostly to approach costume forming but only a few study is found to have approached idealistic background of art history in connection with creating costume. From that point of view, it is profoundly significant for this study to analize idealistic background and characteristics of Expressionism and relationship between costume and expressionism and to examine modern costume of twntieth century in conjunction with technical characteristics and spiritual sense of Expresionism.eristics and spiritual sense of Expresionism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2009

Pulse diagnosis is a central diagnosis method used in traditional Oriental medicine. To standardize and modernize the pulse diagnosis method, it is essential to develop an instrument-based reinterpretation of the clinically used pulse images in terms of the physical quantities such as the strength, period, width, length, and depth of the pulse. As a step towards such standardization, we conducted a clinical study on the floating/sinking pulses based on an automated palpation instrument (3D-MAC, Daeyo Medi, Korea) for 213 female subjects in their 20s and 174 female subjects in their 60s. The floating/sinking pulses are the two representative pulse images depending only on the depth of the pulse, and can be conveniently scaled by the coefficient of the floating-sinking pulse ($C_{fs}{\in}(0,1)$), which represents how strong one should apply the hold-down pressure to obtain the maximal pulse strength. As a result, primarily we found that it tends to appear more floating-like pulse ($C_{fs}{\rightarrow}0$) at Gwan and more sinking-like pulse ($C_{fs}{\rightarrow}1$) at Cheek, at both age groups and at both wrists. This result is consistent with a previous study on the geometrical structure of the blood vessel by an ultrasonograph. Second, the pulse tends to be more sinking-like in the age group of 60s than 20s. Finally, the pulses at the right palpation positions were found to be more sinking-like than the left, at both age groups.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.15-15
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• 1999

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the conventional rotating barrel. vibrational barrel (vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components, The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed that the average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value, Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components, However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. $2HD{\;}+{\;}e{\;}{\rightarrow}20H{\;}+{\;}H_2$ Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure thereby resulting to bad plating condition. 1 lot of chip was divided into two equal partion. Each portion was loaded to the same barrel one after the other. Nickel plating and tin-lead plating was performed in the same station. Portion A maintained the normal barrel vibration intensity and portion B vibration intensity was increased two steps higher. All other parameters, current, solution condition were maintained constant. Generally, plating method find procedures were carried out in a best way to maintained the best plating condition. After plating, samples were taken out from each portion. molded and polished. Plating thickness was investigated for both. To check consistency of results. 2nd trial was done now using different lot of another characteristics.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2003

최근 GPS는 기준점 측량을 비롯한 각종 정밀측량과 항법 등에 그 효율성이 점점 증대되고 있다. 또한 구조물의 변위해석, 해양조위관측, 하천수위관측 및 수심측량 장비와의 조합에 의한 해저, 하상 지형의 모니터링 등에도 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 논문은 DGPS, RTK-GPS와 Echo Sounder 조합 해석에 의해 하구, 하상 모니터링 시 그 효율성을 높이기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해 기초 실험으로 하구 지질특성을 고려한 수조 실험을 통해 Echo Sounder의 오차 보정량을 산출하고, 하구, 하상 3차원 모니터링을 위한 S/W를 개발하여 현장 실험에 적용, 제반 문제점을 보완하였다. GPS와 Echo Sounder의 조합에 의한 하구, 하상 지형 해석시 측량선의 유동에 의해 수면과 송수파기간의 거리변화에 대한 홀수에 의한 오차는 기하학적인 재배치를 통해 제거할 수 있었고, $z=BM+SAH-DBR_{(i)}-DRT-ED$의 보정식을 산출하였다. 또한 Echo Sounder와의 하구, 하상 지질 특성에 대한 수심측정 오차는 실험 수조를 이용하여 평균 입경-ES잔차 관계를 파악하고 회귀분석을 통해 $Y=0.00474{\ast}ln(X)-0.0045$의 보정식을 산출하여 적용 가능성을 검증하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2018

본 연구는 전세계적으로 활발하게 기술 개발 중인 네트워크형 복층 도로터널에서의 환기 설계를 위해 새롭게 요구되는 설계인자를 분석한다. 분류 및 합류부 지점에 존재하는 확폭구간에서 단면적의 변화에 따라 발생하는 충격손실계수를 결정하기 위해 전산유체역학(CFD)를 통한 수치해석 연구를 진행하였다. 수치해석에 사용된 모델은 실제 스케일을 반영하였고 이전의 선행 연구의 충격손실계수 값과의 비교분석을 통해 그 값의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 수치해석 연구의 결과로 단면적비의 변화에 따른 충격손실계수 값을 도출해냈고 급확대부와 급축소부 두 경우 모두 이전의 선행 연구에서 제시된 충격손실계수 값보다 높게 계산되어졌다. 이는 네트워크형 복층 도로터널의 기하학적 구조의 특성이 충격손실계수에 미치는 영향이 크다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과 값은 앞으로 네트워크형 복층 도로터널의 환기 설계에 있어 좀 더 정확한 설계에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.323-336
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• 2011

지각의 수리역학적 거동은 유효공극의 크기 및 모양 등의 영향을 많이 받는다. 본 연구에서는 지하 유체의 이동 및 저장소가 되는 암석의 공극 특성을 전기임피던스를 이용하여 규명하였다. 공극의 구조가 서로 다른 3종의 화강암(황등, 포천, 양산)과 2종의 사암(보령, Berea)의 암석 시편(지름 : 38-50 mm, 길이 70-100 mm)을 전기전도도가 다론 전해질로 순차적으로 포화시킨 다음 시편의 전기임피던스를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 공극수의 염도가 증가할수록 전기비저항은 감소하고, 전기용량은 증가하는 뚜렷한 경향을 보였다. 또한 같은 염도의 공극수 조건 하에서 암석의 공극률이 증가할수록 전기비저항과 formation factor는 감소하지만, 전기용량 값은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이방성을 갖는 Berea 사암에서는 층리와 수직 방향의 임피던스를 측정했을 때 저항이 가장 크게 나왔으며, tortuosity와 cementation factor 값도 가장 높게 산정 되었다. 이는 층리의 수직 방향으로 공극의 연결성이 떨어진다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구의 실험 결과는 암석의 전기적 특성이 공극률 뿐 아니라 공극의 구조와도 관련이 있음을 보여준다.