• Title/Summary/Keyword: Geological storage

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Experimental Study on N2 Impurity Effect in the Pressure Drop During CO2 Mixture Transportation (CO2 파이프라인 수송에서의 N2 불순물이 압력강하에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Cho, Meang-Ik;Huh, Cheol;Jung, Jung-Yeul;Baek, Jong-Hwa;Kang, Seong-Gil
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2012
  • Carbon-dioxide capture and storage (CCS) process is consisted by capturing carbon-dioxide from large point source such as power plant and steel works, transporting and sequestrating captured $CO_2$ in a stable geological structure. During CCS process, it is inevitable of introducing impurities from combustion, capture and purification process into $CO_2$ stream. Impurities such as $SO_2$, $H_2O$, CO, $N_2$, Ar, $O_2$, $H_2$, can influence on process efficiency, capital expenditure, operation expense of CCS process. In this study, experimental apparatus is built to simulate the behavior of $CO_2$ transport under various impurity composition and process pressure condition. With this apparatus, $N_2$ impurity effect on $CO_2$ mixture transportation was experimentally evaluated. The result showed that as $N_2$ ratio increased pressure drop per mass flow and specific volume of $CO_2-N_2$ mixture also increased. In 120 and 100 bar condition the mixture was in single phase supercritical condition, and as $N_2$ ratio increased gradient of specific volume change and pressure drop per mass flow did not change largely compared to low pressure condition. In 70 bar condition the mixture phase changed from single phase liquid to single phase vapor through liquid-vapor two phase region, and it showed that the gradient of specific volume change and pressure drop per mass flow varied in each phase.

Soil CO2 Monitoring Around Wells Discharging Methane (메탄 유출 관정 주변의 토양 CO2 모니터링)

  • Chae, Gitak;Kim, Chan Yeong;Ju, Gahyeun;Park, Kwon Gyu;Roh, Yul;Lee, Changhyun;Yum, Byoung-Woo;Kim, Gi-Bae
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.407-419
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    • 2022
  • Soil(vadose zone) gas compositions were measured for about 3 days to suggest a method for monitoring and interpreting soil gas data collected around wells from which methane(CH4) is outflowing. The vadose zone gas samples were collected within 1 m around two test wells(TB2 and TB3) at Pohang and analyzed for CO2, CH4, N2 and O2 concentrations in situ. CO2 flux was measured beside TB2. In addition, gas samples from well head in TB2 and atmospheric air samples were collected for comparison. Carbon isotopes of CO213CCO2) of samples collected on the last day of the study period were analyzed in the laboratory. The two test wells (TB2 and 3) were 12.7 m apart and only TB3 was cemented to the surface. According to the bio-geochemical process-based interpretation, the relationships between CO2 and O2, N2, and N2/O2 of vadose zone gas were plotted between the lines of CH4 oxidation and CO2 dissolution. In addition, the CH4 concentrations of gas samples from the wellhead of the uncemented well (TB2) were 5.2 times higher than the atmospheric CH4 concentration. High CO2 concentrations (average 1.148%) of vadose zone gas around TB2 seemed to be attributed to the oxidation of CH4. On the other hand, the vadose zone CO2 around the cemented well(TB3) showed a relatively low concentration(0.136%). This difference indicates that the vadose zone gas(including CO2) around the CH4 outflowing well were strongly affected by well completion(cementing). This study result can be used to establish strategies for environmental monitoring of soil around natural gas sites, and can be used to monitor leakage around injection and observation wells for CO2 geological storage. In addition, the method of this study is useful for soil monitoring in natural gas storage and oil-contaminated sites.

Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Soil CO2 Fluxes and Concentrations after Artificial CO2 Release (인위적 CO2 누출에 따른 토양 CO2 플럭스와 농도의 시공간적 모니터링)

  • Kim, Hyun-Jun;Han, Seung Hyun;Kim, Seongjun;Yun, Hyeon Min;Jun, Seong-Chun;Son, Yowhan
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 2017
  • CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is a technical process to capture $CO_2$ from industrial and energy-based sources, to transfer and sequestrate impressed $CO_2$ in geological formations, oceans, or mineral carbonates. However, potential $CO_2$ leakage exists and causes environmental problems. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of $CO_2$ fluxes and concentrations after artificial $CO_2$ release. The Environmental Impact Evaluation Test Facility (EIT) was built in Eumseong, Korea in 2015. Approximately 34kg $CO_2$ /day/zone were injected at Zones 2, 3, and 4 among the total of 5 zones from October 26 to 30, 2015. $CO_2$ fluxes were measured every 30 minutes at the surface at 0m, 1.5m, 2.5m, and 10m from the $CO_2$ releasing well using LI-8100A until November 13, 2015, and $CO_2$ concentrations were measured once a day at 15cm, 30cm, and 60cm depths at every 0m, 1.5m, 2.5m, 5m, and 10m from the well using GA5000 until November 28, 2015. $CO_2$ flux at 0m from the well started increasing on the fifth day after $CO_2$ release started, and continued to increase until November 13 even though the artificial $CO_2$ release stopped. $CO_2$ fluxes measured at 2.5m, 5.0m, and 10m from the well were not significantly different with each other. On the other hand, soil $CO_2$ concentration was shown as 38.4% at 60cm depth at 0m from the well in Zone 3 on the next day after $CO_2$ release started. Soil $CO_2$ was horizontally spreaded overtime, and detected up to 5m away from the well in all zones until $CO_2$ release stopped. Also, soil $CO_2$ concentrations at 30cm and 60cm depths at 0m from the well were measured similarly as $50.6{\pm}25.4%$ and $55.3{\pm}25.6%$, respectively, followed by 30cm depth ($31.3{\pm}17.2%$) which was significantly lower than those measured at the other depths on the final day of $CO_2$ release period. Soil $CO_2$ concentrations at all depths in all zones were gradually decreased for about 1 month after $CO_2$ release stopped, but still higher than those of the first day after $CO_2$ release stared. In conclusion, the closer the distance from the well and the deeper the depth, the higher $CO_2$ fluxes and concentrations occurred. Also, long-term monitoring should be required because the leaked $CO_2$ gas can remains in the soil for a long time even if the leakage stopped.

Comparative Compressional Behavior of Zeolite-W in Different Pressure-transmitting Media (제올라이트-W의 압력전달매개체에 따른 체적탄성률 비교 연구)

  • Seoung, Donghoon;Kim, Hyeonsu;Kim, Pyosang;Lee, Yongmoon
    • Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to fundamentally understand structural changes of zeolite under pressure and in the presence of different pressure-transmitting media (PTM) for application studies such as immobilization of heavy metal cation or CO2 storage using pressure. High-pressure X-ray powder diffraction study was conducted on the zeolite-W (K6.4Al6.5Si25.8O64× 15.3H2O, K-MER) to understand linear compressibility and the bulk moduli in different PTM conditions. Zeolite-w is a synthetic material having the same framework as natural zeolite merlinoite ((K, Ca0.5, Ba0.5, Na)10 Al10Si22O64× 22H2O). The space group of the sample was identified as I4/mmm belonging to the tetragonal crystal system. Water, carbon dioxide, and silicone-oil were used as pressure-transmitting media. The mixture of sample and each PTM was mounted in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and then pressurized up to 3 GPa with an increment of ca. 0.5 GPa. Pressure-induced changes of powder diffraction patterns were measured using a synchrotron X-ray light source. Lattice constants, and bulk moduli were calculated using the Le-Bail method and the Birch-Murnaghan equation. In all PTM conditions, linear compressibility of c-axis (𝛽c) was 0.006(1) GPa-1 or 0.007(1) GPa-1. On the other hand, the linear compressibility of a(b)-axis (𝛽a) was 0.013(1) GPa-1 in silicone-oil run, which is twice more compressible than the a(b)-axis in water and carbon dioxide runs, 𝛽a = 0.006(1) GPa-1. The bulk moduli were measured as 50(3) GPa, 52(3) GPa, and 29(2) GPa in water, carbon dioxide, and silicone-oil run, respectively. The orthorhombicities of ac-plane in the water, and carbon dioxide runs were comparatively constant, near 0.350~0.353, whereas the value decreased abruptly in the silicone-oil run following formula, y = -0.005(1)x + 0.351(1) by non-penetrating pressure fluid condition.