• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2005

This paper describes an accuracy analysis of newly developed gravimetric geoid and an improvement of developed geoid using GPS/Levelling data. We developed the KGEOID05 model corrected with the correction term. The correction term is modelled using the difference between GPS/Levelling derived geoidal heights and gravimetric geoidal heights. The stochastic model used in the calculation of correction term is the least squares collocation technique based on second-order Markov covariance function. 373 GPS stations were used to model the correction term. The standard deviation of KGEOID05 is about 11 cm and it indicates that we can be determined accurate heights ($2{\sim}3\;cm$) when we made precise modelling using KGEOID05 and a few GPS measurements for the local area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 1994

The purpose of this paper is to establish the optimum reference field as testing some geopotential model, gravity data and GPS data. We have to decide a best fitting geopotential model as a reference surface for establishing the optimum geoid solutions. We conduct some tests on the Korean Peninsula gravity data to establish which of the model would be prove to be the best one. Three ways were used to compare the geopotential coefficient solutions. One of the tests is to compare the residual gravity anomaly remaining after the anomaly computed from the geopotential model has been subtracted from the "observed" gravity anomaly. The second method is a comparison of several geopotential solutions in terms of differences in gravity anomalies and quasi-geoid undulations. The third method is a comparison between the undulation obtained by GPS and the corresponding undulation from each geopotential model. The result showed that OSU91A model is a best fitting model as a reference in the region of Korean Peninsula.Peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.27-31
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• 2003

It can be classified in various methods to get the geoidal heights. It can be achieved geometric geoidal heights if we do GPS surveying in leveling point. The aims of this paper are calculation of geometric geoidal heights using GPS/leveling data in study area and evaluation of the global and local geoid models in and around Korean peninsula. For this study, study area was selected in the leveling line from Kunsan to Chonju city and GPS surveying was accomplished in the leveling line. And, also spherical harmonic analysis was made on the three global geopotential models, OSU91A, EGM96, EGM96m under same condition and KOGD2002, Korean gravimetric geoid model was made in this study The results shows that EGM96m is the best model because the differences between geoidal heights of EGM96m and geometric geoidal heights of GPS/Leveling data appear the smallest value among them.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.425-427
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• 2006

It is quite difficult to transfer the National Height System 1985 to the island in China. In the study, one feasible and alternative way, which measures synchronally the tide variation at the island and the coast , is firstly introduced. Then, a new method is proposed. This new method combines GPS technique and Quasi-Geoid Determination technique (GQGD). It needs gravity data, GPS data, leveling data and DEM data, together with complex calculation method and the Earth gravity model. After describing the mathematical model and presenting the calculational steps, one experiment has been shown that this method is valid and can achieve accuracy up to 5 cm for the normal height, compared with the results both from the tidal observation and height approximation. Some suggestion is also given in the end.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2005.02a
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• pp.163-169
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2016

In order to apply Kriging methods for geostatistics of spatial data, an estimation of spatial coherency functions is required priorly based on the spatial distance between measurement points. In the study, the typical coherency functions, such as semi-variogram, homeogram, and covariance function, were estimated using the national geoid model. The test area consisting of 2°×2° and the Unified Control Points (UCPs) within the area were chosen as sampling measurements of the geoid. Based on the distance between the control points, a total of 100 sampling points were grouped into distinct pairs and assigned into a bin. Empirical values, which were calculated with each of the spatial coherency functions, resulted out as a wave model of a semi-variogram for the best quality of fit. Both of homeogram and covariance functions were better fitted into the exponential model. In the future, the methods of various Kriging and the functions of estimated spatial coherency need to be studied to verify the prediction accuracy and to calculate the Mean Squared Prediction Error (MSPE).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1867-1870
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• 2005

The celestial navigation is one of alternatives to GPS system and can be used as a backup of GPS. In the celestial navigation system using more than two star trackers, the vehicle's ground position can be solved based on the star trackers' attitude information if the vehicle's local vertical or horizontal angle is given. In order to determine accurate ground position of flight vehicle, the high accurate local vertical angle measurement is one of the most important factors for navigation performance. In this paper, the Earth geophysical deflection was analyzed in the assumption of using the modern electrolyte tilt sensor as a local vertical sensor for celestial navigation system. According to the tilt sensor principle, the sensor measures the tilt angle from gravity direction which depends on the Earth geoid surface at a given position. In order to determine the local vertical angle from tilt sensor measurement, the relationship between the direction of gravity and the direction of the Earth center should be analyzed. Using a precision orbit determination software which includes the JGM-3 Earth geoid model, the direction of the Earth center and the direction of gravity are extracted and analyzed. Appling vector inner product and cross product to the both extracted vectors, the magnitude and phase of deflection angle between the direction of gravity and the direction of the Earth center are achieved successfully. And the result shows that the angle differences vary as a function of latitude and altitude. The maximum 0.094$^{circ}$angle difference occurs at 45$^{circ}$latitude in case of 1000 Km altitude condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2002

This study suggests a data processing method for precise geoid height calculation through sea gravity data of mid-Yellow Sea provided by Haeyang 2000 and satellite altimetry data and the EGM96 geopotential model from GSFC/DMA in USA. Also it compared sea gravity data with satellite altimetry gravity data. As a result, precise geoidal undulation of the mid-Yellow Sea presented from calculating and integrating EGM96 geopotential model in degree and order 167 and a relative geoid by integral radius of 27km respectively It has a mean value of 18.339m, varying from 13.564m to 22.785m. the comparison between sea gravity data and satellite altimetry data shows that the former is more precise than the latter, which showed an anomaly of 0.56m0Gal and RMSE of 4.195m.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.99-104
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• 2006

The new gravity field combination models are expected to improve the knowledge of the Earth's global gravity field. This study evaluates eleven global gravity field models derived from gravimetry and altimetry surface data in a comparison with ground truth in South Korea. Geoid heights obtained from GPS and levelling in South Korea are compared with geoid heights from the models. The results show that the gravity satellites CHAMP, GRACE and LAGEOS plus gravimetry and altimetry surface data have led to an improvement in gravity field models. As expected, the new combination gravity field model which are EIGEN-CG03C and EIGEN-GL04C give better results than the predecessors widely used models(EGM96, OSU91A etc.).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

In this study, point gravity was measured to achieve terrestrid gravity data and the gravity is important element in precise geoid modelling. Surveys the relative gravity of 56 stations on 1st level route. In addition, it calculates gravity values, analysis gravity survey results using tidal correction, drift correction, datum-free adjustment. These point gravity data could be contribute in development of precise geoid model.