• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Fifty nine strains of Agrobacterium vitis, the causal agent of crown-gall disease on grapevine, originating from different geographical regions and 16 grapevine cultivars including 35 Kyoho cultivar of Korea, were characterized by PCR polymorphic analysis using Universal Rice Primer(URP). Of 12 URP primers, primers URP1F, URP2R, URP2F, and URP4R, URP17R were available for detecting PCR polymorphic bands among the A. vitis strains. PCR polymorphic bands produced by primers URP2F and URP17R were profiled to 12 strain types. A. vitis strains originated from Kyoho cultivar of grapevine showed relatively simple genetic diversify of the four PCR types, while the A. vitis strains originated from other grapevine cultivars and type culture strains showed various genetic diversity with 8 types. Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic mean(UPGMA) cluster analysis using the URP-PCR polymorphic bands showed 59.4. vitis strains are genetically clustered into large seven groups.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.296-306
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• 2017

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the most damaging viruses infecting sugarcane, maize and some other graminaceous species around the world. To investigate the genetic diversity of SCMV in Iran, the coat protein (CP) gene sequences of 23 SCMV isolates from different hosts were determined. The nucleotide sequence identity among Iranian isolates was more than 96%. They shared nucleotide identities of 75.5-99.9% with those of other SCMV isolates available in GenBank, the highest with the Egyptian isolate EGY7-1 (97.5-99.9%). The results of phylogenetic analysis suggested five divergent evolutionary lineages that did not completely reflect the geographical origin or host plant of the isolates. Population genetic analysis revealed greater between-group than within-group evolutionary divergence values, further supporting the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Our results indicated that natural selection might have contributed to the evolution of isolates belonging to the five identified SCMV groups, with infrequent genetic exchanges occurring between them. Phylogenetic analyses and the estimation of genetic distance indicated that Iranian isolates have low genetic diversity. No recombination was found in the CP cistron of Iranian isolates and the CP gene was under negative selection. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the population structure and driving forces for the evolution of SCMV with implications for global exchange of sugarcane germplasm. Gene flow, selection and somehow homologous recombination were found to be the important evolutionary factors shaping the genetic structure of SCMV populations.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2020

Wild-type isolates of H. erinaceus were collected from different geographical areas of Korea. Nineteen isolates were cultured on mushroom substrate for producing fruiting bodies. Of these, 14 isolates formed pinheads and fruiting bodies on the substrate. The morphological and cultivation characteristics of fruiting bodies were categorized by pinheading, fruit body formation, spine types, fresh weights, and colors. Microstructures, including spines, spores, and basidia on the fruiting bodies were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The H. erinaceus isolates demonstrated different PCR polymorphisms produced by universal fungal primers (UFPs) and were classified into four groups based on their high genetic diversity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.740-745
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• 2006

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of four taxa of Castor-aralia (Kalopanax pictus): K. pictus, K. pictus var. magnificus, K. pictus var. maximowiczii, and thornless K. pictus. The 11 primers were produced 64 reproducible ISSR bands. Analysis of ISSR from individual plants of Korean K. pictus resulted in 41 polymorphic bands with 64.1%. When species were grouped by four taxa, within group diversity was 0.115 $(H_S)$, while among group diversity was 0.467 $(G_{ST})$ on a per locus basis. The estimated gene flow (Nm) for K. pictus var. maximowiczii and K. pictus var. magnificus were very higher than K. pictus. It is suggested that the isolation of geographical distance and reproductive isolation among K. pictus populations may have played roles in shaping the population structure of this species. In phenetic tree, ISSR markers are very effective in classifying natural populations as well as taxon levels of genus Kalopanax in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2010

The bacterial community structure associated with two marine sponges, Hyrtios sp. 604 and Callyspongia sp. 612 collected from the South Pacific Ocean were analyzed by 16S rDNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the bacterial community associated with Hyrtios sp. 604 contained diverse bacterial groups such as Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Callyspongia sp. 612 harbored Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. Hyrtios sp. 604 belonging to genus Hyrtios known to produce natural products showed greater bacterial diversity than Callyspongia sp. 612. Phylum Actinobacteria was shown to be one of dominant bacterial groups in Hyrtios sp. 604. Although the same phyla of bacteria were found in both sponge species, the spongeassociated predominant bacterial groups differed between the two sponges with different chemical characteristics from the same geographical location. Uncultured bacteria represented over 90% of the bacteria diversity present in all bacterial communities of the sponges.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.443-451
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• 2021

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is widely cultivated in tropical regions worldwide owing to its high nutritional value. Finger millet is more tolerant against biotic and abiotic stresses such as pests, drought, and salt than other millet crops; therefore, it was proposed as a candidate crop to adapt to climate change in Korea. In 2019, we used expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of 102 finger millet accessions from two geographical regions (Africa and South Asia) to identify appropriate accessions and enhance crop diversity in Korea. In total, 40 primers produced 116 alleles, ranging in size from 135 to 457 bp, with a mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.18225. Polymorphism was detected among the 40 primers, and 13 primers were found to have PIC values > 0.3. Principal coordinate and phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined data of both markers, grouped the finger millet accessions according to their respective collection areas.Therefore, the 102 accessions were classified into two groups, one from Asia and the other from Africa. We have conducted an in-depth study on the finger millet landrace pedigree. By sorting out and using the molecular characteristics of each pedigree, it will be useful for the management and accession identification of the plant resource. The novel SSR markers developed in this study will aid in future genetic analyses of E. coracana.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2023

The red-tongue viper(Gloydius ussuriensis) is one of only three species of the genus Gloydius found in South Korea. Gloydius ussuriensis has a narrow activity radius and is distributed nationwide, and this species was reported to have the largest population among the Korean species in genus Gloydius. Preliminary results of a phylogenetic analysis using part of the mitochondrial DNA indicated that domestic G. ussuriensis is not comprised of monophyletic groups, and morphological analysis showed differences between domestic populations. In this study, we developed 17 microsatellites for the analysis of G. ussuriensis genetic diversity based on these characteristics. These microsatellites were developed using six multiplex panels, which could be employed to validate 80 G. ussuriensis specimens from different geographical regions in South Korea. The average number of alleles per locus was 12.2 and ranged from 4 to 25 alleles; the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.238 to 0.950 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.213 to 0.933. As a result of assessing four inland populations, a high level of genetic diversity was confirmed. These newly developed markers will be useful for further studies on the population structure and evolutionary history of the G. ussuriensis.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2020

Northern pipevine (Aristolochia contorta) commonly inhabits marginal areas between waterside and terrestrial vegetation. In particular, A. contorta is ecologically important in the marginal areas as a food plant of dragon swallowtail butterfly (Sericinus montela), which is designated as vulnerable species in the Republic of Korea. For long-term sustainability of the plant population, assessment of the genetic diversity of exist populations should be conducted. Genomic DNA of A. contorta leaf samples were extracted from four populations where the vigorous growth were observed in the South Korea. Intra-population genetic diversity and inter-population genetic distance were assessed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with five polymorphic random primers. Overall genetic diversity was lower, compared to other wetland species (h: 0.0607 ~ 0.1401; I: 0.0819 ~ 0.1759), while GP showed the highest intra-population genetic diversity. Despite of the geographical distance, GP showed the larger genetic distance from other populations. This result seemed to be caused by the fragmented habitat and lower sexual reproduction of A. controta. Mixture of the different source populations and construction of the proper environmental condition such as shade and physical support for sexual reproduction should be considered for conservation of A. contorta population.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.533-538
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• 2015

Four sites and one site were used to analyze fish diversity at the water systems of the Sineun reservoir and the Jeonchon reservoir, respectively. The field experiments were conducted to test the density dependence that could lead to population regulation by artificial inferences and environmental changes. We examined the effects of environmental factors on fish densities using SMATR freeware. It was estimated to be reduced to the density effect at four sites in 2012. Shannon-Weaver indices of the diversity (H’) of the Sineun reservoir were similar to those of the Jeonchon reservoir. Species diversity was in a range of 0.645 to 2.105. The H’ value of the upper region was higher than those of middle and low regions were, and values of richness were lower in downstream than upstream. Using the maximum likelihood solution for the removal estimators of two low regions of the river stations, the estimated migration probabilities from the resident fish to the migrated fish for five species (Cyprinus cuvieri, Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva, Misgurnus mizolepis, and Oryzias latipes) had a mean of 0.623. Especially, migration probabilities from the Jeonchon reservoir to the Sineun reservoir for five species were high (a mean of 0.681). The period of migration was suggested to be about one month because of short geographical distances (50 m). We found no significant difference between the three categories in the distribution of the other four species, indicating the species probability was similar among stations.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2015

The optimization is an important role in wide geographical distribution of electrical power market, finding the optimum solution for the operation and design of power systems has become a necessity with the increasing cost of raw materials, depleting energy resources and the ever growing demand for electrical energy. In this paper, the real coded biogeography based optimization is proposed to minimize the operating cost with optimal setting of equality and inequality constraints of thermal power system. The proposed technique aims to improve the real coded searing ability, unravel the prematurity of solution and enhance the population assortment of the biogeography based optimization algorithm by using adaptive Gaussian mutation. This algorithm is demonstrated on the standard IEEE-30 bus system and the comparative results are made with existing population based methods.