• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.101-117
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• 2004

Standards are essential to facilitate the efficient use of GIS data. International Standards such as ISO TC211's 19100 series and various technical specifications from OpenGIS Consortium are some of the examples of efforts to maintain the interoperability among GIS applications. Marine GIS is no exception to this rule and in this context. developing standards for marine GIS is also in urgent needs. Using the same meaning and definition for the features commonly found in marine GIS applications is one of the ways to increase the interoperability among systems. One of the key requirements for maintaining the standard meanings for features is to build a common feature catalogue. This paper examines the concept of feature catalogue and describe the ways in which the feature catalogue can be organized. To identify the common features found in various marine GIS applications, a comprehensive search has been made to collect and analyze the features used in various applications. To maintain the interoperability with the National GIS (NGIS) system, the features used in various NGIS applications have been analyzed as well. The result of these analyses are used to create a comprehensive list of common features for marine GIS. This paper then explains the common feature catalogue for marine GIS and the provides the appropriate classification and coding systems for the common features. In addition, a registration tool for registering the common features into the standard registry has been developed in this study. This Web-based tool can be used to input features into the feature catalogue by various applications and also to maintain a standard-compliant feature catalogue by standard agencies.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Recently, there are various attempts to construct a u-City and a smart city. A Spatial information as the city-based infrastructure has been recognized as an essential element. In many cases GIS data being lack of compatibility due to the various format, it is difficult to provide public web services and link the data between government organizations. In this study, we developed a interconnection Server based on OGC standardization to support interoperability in a heterogeneous distributed environment. we hope the interconnection server that will be utilized as u-City platform and response platform for volcanic disaster through the test in the test-bed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

Slope is one of the most important factor in land development permission standards. In guideline of "Land Suitability Assessment" or "Forest Land Conversion Standard", average slope can be measured using digital map and GIS for target area. Inputs in slope calculation are 1/5,000 digital map of NGII(National Geographic Information Institute) or digital information of Korea Land Information System. Many confusions occur in the field, as there is no standard for slope calculation and are lots of slope calculation methods using contour lines or DEM derived from them. Avoiding these confusions, this study was intended to propose a standardized method for slope calculation and a selection method for a suitable resolution. In this study, using DEM of optimum grid size according to the complexity of topography with finite difference method is suggested as improved slope calculation method, after comparing several representative slope calculation methods.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.176-188
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• 2018

Modern urban problems are increasingly becoming a market mix that can not be solved by the power of a single department and the necessity of establishing a cooperation system based on data communication between departments is increasing. Therefore, this study analyzed Busan metropolitan city's IT projects from 2014 to 2018 in order to understand the utilization and sharing status of departmental data from the viewpoint that cooperation between departments can start from the sharing of data with high common utilization. In addition, based on the results of the FGI(Focus Group Interview) conducted for the officials of the department responsible for the informatization project, we verified the results of data status analysis. At the same time, we figured out the necessity of data link between departments through SNA(Social Network Analysis) and presented data that should be shared first in the future. As a result, most of the information systems currently use limited data only within the department that produced the data. Most of the linked data was concentrated in the information department. Therefore, this study suggested the following solutions. First, in order to prevent overlapping investments caused by the operation of individual departments and share information, it is necessary to build a small platform to tie the departments, which have high connectivity with each other, into small blocks. Second, a local level process is needed to develop data standards as an extension of national standards in order to expand the information to be used in various fields. Third, as another solution, we proposed a system that can integrate various types of information based on address and location information through application of cloud-based GIS platform. The results of this study are expected to contribute to build a cooperation system between departments through expansion of information sharing with cost reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.621-629
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• 2011

According to the development of technologies for generating the 3D spatial information, the needs for producing and updating the precise 3D objects with LoD 4 level are increased. On the other hand, the needs for real-time updating of 2D digital maps are expanded, based on the execution of various GIS projects. These 2D informations can be extracted from precisely constructed 3D spatial information, to do this the feasibility studies on extraction of the 2D information from the 3D spatial information is needed. In this study, 3D objects are modeled using multi-oblique images, and the objects are stereo-plotted using digital airborne images, as well. Then the two data sets are compared and analyzed. The results show that the accuracy assessments fulfill the 1/1,000 digital map accuracy standard of regulations for photogrametric surveying of National Geographic Information Institute, but the shapes and the areas of building objects are different between two data sets because of the portrayal standards. Consequently, researchers can conclude that it is possible to generate the building layer of large scale topographic map using multi-oblique images, but additional researches is needed to resolve the problems on differences of the portrayal standards.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2007

There has been increasing concerns regarding marine mineral resources as the land energy resources has been depleting from worldwide energy crisis. Also, all the coastal countries around the world are getting into the high competition as EEZ implemented to widen each country's marine autonomy. Especially, the adoption of EEZ in UN's marine regulation agreement at the January of 1996 has aggravated conflicts among coastal countries and eventually resulted in critical agenda to determine the boundaries of EEZ among such countries. It is imperative for us to have negotiation with neighboring countries to determine the boundaries of EEZ. For the preparation of such negotiation, it is essential to have data such as mineral distribution, deep-sea geology, related agreement and marine laws, etc. Therefore, this study mainly concentrates on analyzing existing data of resources exploration and establishing standards for each type of data and manipulating data based on such standards, thereby building a database for more efficient management of EEZ data from marine resources survey. MRIS has also been developed to diversely analyze and visualize graphic and attribute data considering data usage and inter-relationship in the database. This system can provide various spatial analysis and spatial searching techniques to enable easier comparison of cost-benefit analysis and data provision of any area in EEZ thereby facilitating major policy making. In addition, the system can support sustainable management of marine resources of EEZ regions and data supply for systematic management of national marine resources. Furthermore, this will be very useful for negotiating with neighboring countries to determine EEZ boundaries to lead more favorable results.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.63-74
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• 1995

The most important thing for the national GIS development is considered to be the standardization, especially the development of the standard coding scheme for the GIS features and attributes. The comparative study on those of the several international transfer standard is, therefore, very meaningful. In this paper we analyzed the features and attributes coding catalogue for the three different exchange standards; SDTS, DIGEST and SP-57. And also the new coding scheme is proposed as the unified standard frame to be used for all the GIS related application and the digital product.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2015

The guarantee of transportation for elderly and handicapped people is increasingly necessary owing to their growing social and economic activity. In March of 2013, a partial amendment to the law for transportation of the vulnerable was made by the government, to make more convenient transport a legal requirement. The amendment describes standards for the installation of transport facilities, and its support available. However, the adjustment of low-floor bus routes is not included. Therefore, low-floor buses are operating without consideration for the handicapped. This study evaluates the current low-floor bus system user experience by considering the residential distribution of vulnerable customers and analyzing their reasons for using public transport. As a result of this work, adjustments to current bus routes are proposed. The residential distribution of vulnerable people has been assessed using the supporting materials of the urban renewal project in Busan City, and their reasons for using public transport have been collected by a survey of the target user groups. The results show that group A, which has good accessibility, was in high demand, but provided the most limited service. Whereas group C, which also has good accessibility but was in low demand, provided its service most frequently. The data show the supply and demand inconsistencies of low-floor buses, and the inefficiency of bus route allocation. Therefore, this study proposes improvements to current methods for the effective operation of low-floor buses.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2015

This study aims to estimate the forest volumes of the upper region of Nam-Han River in ecosystem zoning by forest types and age classes, and to suggest the optimal estimation method through the comparison of the standard errors according to the spatial unit. In the estimation of forest volumes, we used both of direct estimation, which uses sample plots of the target area only, and synthetic estimation, which includes sample plots of the expanded areas as well as those of the target area. As for the spatial expansion, we applied four standards for synthetic estimator: Mountainous zone, Neighbor ecosystem region, Gangwon province, and Buffer zone. The results show that average forest volume per ha, calculated by direct estimation, was $143.5m^3/ha$, while that by synthetic estimation with each standard, was estimated at $146.9m^3/ha$ by Gangwon province, $144.8m^3/ha$ by Buffer zone, $139.8m^3/ha$ by Neighbor ecosystem region, and $138.6m^3/ha$ by Mountainous zone, respectively. The standard errors of direct estimation was $1.79m^3/ha$, while those of synthetic estimation showed not a great difference among the errors. Meanwhile, considering the standard errors by forest type, the lowest was ${\pm}2.3m^3/ha$ of broad-leaved forest, followed by ${\pm}3.3m^3/ha$ of mixed forest, and ${\pm}4.8m^3/ha$ of coniferous forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.168-178
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• 2017

In order to prevent major and chemical accidents, some of the plants which would like to install and operate hazard chemicals handling facilities must submit Off-site Consequence Analysis due to recent arisen leak accidents since 2015. A lot of chemical industrials choose gas detectors as mitigation equipment to early detect gas vapor. The way of placement of gas detectors has two methods; Code-based Design(CBD) and Performance-based Design. The CBD has principles for gas detectors to be installed with consideration for the place that is expected to accumulate gas, and the leak locations according to legal standards and technical guidelines, and has a possibility to be unable to detect by these rules to locate gas detectors by vapor density information. The PBD has two methods; a Geographic Method and Scenario based Method. The Scenario-based Method has been suggested to make up for the Geographic Coverage Method. This Scenario-based Method draw the best optimum placement of gas detectors by considering leak locations, leak speed information, leak directions and etc. However, the domestic placement guidelines just refers to the CBD. Therefore, this study is to compare existing placement location of gas detectors by the domestic CBD with placement locations, coverages and the number of gas detectors in accordance with the Scenario-based Method. Also this study has measures for early detecting interest of Vapor Cloud and suitable placement of gas detectors to prevent chemical accidents. The Phast software was selected to simulate vapor cloud dispersion to predict the consequence. There are two cases; an accident hole size of leak(8 mm) from API which is the highst accident hole size less than 24.5 mm, and a normal leak hole size from KOSHA Guide (1.8 mm). Detect3D was also selected to locate gas detectors efficiently and compare CBD results and PBD results. Currently, domestic methods of gas detectors do not consider any risk, but just depend on domestic code methods which lead to placement of gas detectors not to make personnels recognize tolerable or intolerable risks. The results of the Scenario-based Method, however, analyze the leak estimated range by simulating leak dispersion, and then it is able to tell tolerable risks. Thus it is considered that individuals will be able to place gas detectors reasonably by making objectives and roles flexibly according to situations in a specific plant.