• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined wedge on the range of motion in ankle and knee joint, ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment, and center of pressure excursion of foot for genu varus among adult men during gait. This study was carried out with 10 adult men for genu varus in a motion analysis laboratory in J university. The subjects of the experiment were measured above 5cm width between the knees on contact of both medial malleolus of ankle while standing. The width of their knees in neutral position was measured without the inversion or eversion of the subtalar joint by the investigator. The subjects of the experiment were ten who were conducted randomly for standard insole, insole with $10^{\circ}$ lateral on rear foot wedge, insole at $10^{\circ}$lateral on rear foot and $5^{\circ}$ medial on fore foot wedge. Before and after intervention, changes on the range of motion in ankle and knee joint, ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment, and center of pressure excursion were measured. In order to compare analyses among groups; repeated one-way ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test were used. As a result, combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to control wedge group in terms of knee varus angle in mid-stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge group in terms of ankle eversion moment in whole stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge group in terms of knee adduction moment in whole stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge in terms of center of pressure excursion in whole stance(p<.05). The results of this study suggest that combined wedge for genu varus decreased ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment upon center of pressure excursion. We hypothesize that combined wedge may also be effective in the protection excessive ankle pronation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.419-422
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• 2012

Purpose: Malalignment of the lower limbs may increases the difficulty of maintaining equilibrium. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of genu varum and poor posture in the sagittal plane on postural stability. Methods: We had 27 subjects with varus and 27 normal subjects participate in this study. Subjects for whom the distance between the medial epicondyles in the knee joint was more than 3 cm were classified as varus group, and subjects for whom the distance was less than 3 cm were classified as normal group. The measurements of static and dynamic stability were used overall stability index (OSI), anterioposterior stability index (APSI), and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) using a Biodex balance system. Results: When measuring the static stability index, there were significant differences in the mediolateral stability index between the varus and control groups. When measuring the dynamic stability index, there were significant differences in the overall, anteriorposterior, and mediolateral stability index between the varus and control groups. These results demonstrated that genu varum affects mediolateral movement in static stability, and overall, anterioposterior and mediolateral movements in dynamic stability. Conclusion: As genu varum affects static and dynamic stability in young adults, it increases the risk of injuries or falls. Exercise and surgery are required for realigning the genu varum. Future studies about postural stability in young children and elderly people who have a risk of falls due to lower postural control ability, are needed, as well as in young adults.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of squatting with different foot positions on the muscle activation of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in subjects with genu varum. Methods: Thirty four subjects participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activation of the VMO and VL muscles at the knee angles ($15^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$) at three foot positions (internal rotation, neutral position, external rotation) during squatting. Results: Muscle activation differences at different knee angles and foot positions differed significantly between the VMO and VL muscles in both the varus and normal groups. In addition, there was a significant difference according to the knee angles with the foot in external rotation in the VMO and VL ratio. In the varus group, however, the VMO and VL ratio were significantly different only with the feet in internal rotation. In the muscle activation changes of the knee angle differences in the foot position, there was no significant difference in the varus group, but both the VMO and VL muscles were significant different in the normal group. Conclusion: In both groups, regardless of the foot position, muscle activation of the VMO and VL muscles increased with increasing knee flexion angle. In the normal group, when squatting with the feet in external rotation, the VMO and VL muscles activations increased with increasing knee angle. In the varus group, however, the foot position did not affect the VMO or VL muscle activation. This study shows that subjects with genu varum and normal subjects have different VMO and VL muscle activation patterns during squat exercises.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Background: Despite the positive effects of the self-gravity acupressure program on genu varum correction, no systematic observation has yet to be made. Purpose: In this study, the effect of the self-gravity acupressure program on varus knee correction was confirmed retrospectively by comparing the medial angle of the knee before and after the self-gravity acupressure program. Methods: Fifty people with varus knees were subjected to a 75-minute acupressure program while lying on an acupressure tool, and then the medial knee angles were compared before and after the program. Results: The average angle of the inside of the knee of the study subjects increased by 7.29±3.85° (p<.000) on the left side and 7.08±3.86° (p<.000) on the right side after the acupressure program was implemented, indicating that the study subject's varus knee significantly improved even after applying for a short period time. It was confirmed. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the self-gravity acupressure is a valuable program for correcting the genus varus. However, to use the results of this study clinically in the future, further studies are required to optimize the mechanism and clinical effects of the self-gravity acupressure program on the improvement of the genu varus knee.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.289-299
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• 1994

This study was researched the general characteristics, the elbow-knee joint form, the varus and valgus angle and the both knee joint distance of the 215 persons form July 1, 1994 to July 15, 1994. The results were as follows : 1. The form of elbow joint was significant statistically in the sex group(p<0.05). 2. The angle of elbow joint was very significant statistically in the age group and sex. B.M.I. group(p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.01), and the average angle was $9^{\circ}.51{\pm}4^{\circ}.79$(n=215). 3. The angle of Cubitus valgus was very significant statistically in the age group(p<0.001), and the average angle of Cubitus valgus was $10^{\circ}.85{\pm}3^{\circ}.76$(n=187). 4. The angle of Knee joint was significant statistically in the age group(p<0.05), and the its average angle was $7^{\circ}.63{\pm}4^{\circ}.52$(n=215). 5. The angle of Genu varus was significant statistically in the age and sex group(p<0.05, p<0.05), and the its average was $6^{\circ}.92{\pm}2^{\circ}.36$(n=27). 6. The angle of Genu valgus was very significant statistically in the age group(p<0.001), and the its average angle was $9^{\circ}.75{\pm}2^{\circ}.94$(n=149). 7. The distance of both Knee joint was significant statistically in the age group and B. M. I. group (p<0.001, p<0.05), and the its average distance was $2.55{\pm}1.45cm$(n=135).

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.2244-2252
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• 2020

Background: Thera-Band, Narrow squats, Kinesiology taping helps in the reduction of loading on the knee joints. Despite the fact that the varus knee negatively affects the alignment of the lower extremities, most of the studies have analyzed each independently. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a complex exercise program consisting of elastic band exercises and squat exercises on the distance between the inner knees and balance in young adults with genu varum. Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods: The complex exercise group performed resistance exercises using an elastic band. The taping group used kinesiology tape on the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. To select those to be included in the study, we measured the distance between the knees using digital Vernier calipers and to measure the balance ability, we used a balance training system. The data were analyzed with the independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: The study indicated a significant difference in the distance between the knees between the two groups, but no significant differences in the dynamic balance between the groups. Also, the static balance comparison between the groups according to the intervention method included the trace length, C90 area, C90 angle and velocity. There were no significant differences in the static balance between the groups. In addition, the complex exercise program was more effective than taping. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the complex exercise program and taping decrease the between both the knee and increase the balance.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2024

Ankle arthrodesis was performed on a 55-year-old male patient with an active lifestyle who developed severe arthritis in the left ankle. Over the follow-up period, high tibial valgization osteotomy was conducted for painful medial knee joint arthritis with genu varum deformity to correct overall lower limb alignment from varus to valgus with respect to the fused ankle. This study was conducted to investigate how hindfoot alignment would change when the overall alignment of the lower limb shifted from varus to valgus with the ipsilateral ankle in a fused state. Conclusively, while no intrinsic changes in the hindfoot alignment were observed following the alteration of lower limb alignment, the hindfoot naturally adjusted to valgus deviation in response to limb valgus realignment. Moreover, symptoms changed in line with this adjustment. Given the absence of similar case studies or reports, a review of relevant literature is included to contribute to knowledge of this subject.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2012

PURPOSE: This study investigated to correlation between foot and knee posture characteristics in knee osteoarthritis patients. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 103 patients with clinically and radiographically-confirmed knee osteoarthritis was investigated using the quadriceps angle (QA), distance of both knee (DBK), ankle dorsiflexion angle (ADA), navicular drop (ND). One-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were used to investigate the correlation between foot and knee posture measurements. All of whom agreed to participate in the study. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, we used for SPSS ver. 18.0 for windows. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows : 1) There were statistically significant difference in the correlation between QA and DBK. 2) There were statistically significant difference in the correlation between DBK and ADA. CONCLUSION: According the results of this study, patients with osteoarthritis exhibit more genu varus knee posture. Moreover patients with osteoarthritis were not correlation between foot and knee Posture characteristics.