• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.417-431
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• 1987

Isozyme analysis, morphometric comparison, and artificial hybridization test wereperformed to elucidate the patterns of genic variation, morphological differentiation, genetic incompatibility, and a probable path in speciation between two MDH allelotypes (MM type and MS type) of the Dark Chub Zacco temmincki, a fresh water fish inhabiting in Korean waters. The degree of genic variation of MS type(HD=.023, HG=.021) was twofold higher than that of MM type (HD=.013, HG=.014) but both allelotypes were far less than the average genic variation of fresh water Bish in general. The average genetic similarities among 7 populations of MM type and 6 Populations of MS type were S=.947 and S=.966 respectively, whereas the value between two allelotypes was S=.853. Presumed divergent time of two allelotypes was estimated to be about 700 thousand years ago. Discriminant function analysis based on 18 morphometric characters of 302 specimens representing 12 populations revealed no morphological difference between two allelotypes. Artificial hybridization test indicates that there is an obvious genetic incogpatibility between two allelotypes and therefore it is assumed that isolating mechanism is completed.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 1987

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to estimate the degree of genic variation and genetic relatedness among twelve populations of the Cat-Sanke(Elaphe diene) in Korea. Out of the 17 loci examined 9 loci (Mdh-2, Ldh-1, Ldh-2, Idh-1, Idh-2, Adh, Aco-3, ep, Got-1) were monomorphic with identical mobility in all populations, 4 loci (Pgm, Mpi, Pept-1, Got-2) were nearly identical with minor allele frequency differences, and 4 loci (Mdh-1, Fgi, Est-2, 6psd) showed moderate variation. Levels of genic variation were similar to those found for other reptilian species. The mean genetic similarity value(S) among twelve populations is 0.966. Chechu population was slightly remote genetically from the mainland populations.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study was carried out to determine the genic values of taste of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in practical genetic resources of using to breed them. The two breeding materials of pepper, '#1803' ($P_1$) of prefer tastes and '#1532' ($P_2$) of ordinary taste, and their $F_1$, $F_2$ generations were used in this study. By using partitioning method it was possible to estimate, from the $F_2$ generation, the number of effective factor pairs differentiating the two parents. There were found to be differentiated by two effective factor pairs. In practical genetic resource of using to breed the Korean hot pepper, the heritance of pepper tastes showed that the $F_1$ was better than excellent parent by reason of over dominant, but some $F_2$ was better than both parent by transgressive segregation. As the result, the magnitude of genic effects of A-a gene in pepper tastes was 0.36, and B-b gene was 0.64. The tastes of Korean hot pepper showed a complex inheritance by interaction effect on the two non-allelic factors of 0.94 and secondary effect of 2.86 at the most.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 1989

Using starch gel electrophoresis of proteins, we examined variation at 24 genetic loci in five species (three general of the Subfamily Danioninae (Class Pisces, Family Cyprinidae) inhabiting In Korea. The average degree of genic variation of the Subfamily Danioninae (A=1.8, P=16.5%, HD=0.043, HG=0.049) was far less than that of the fresh water fishes in general. But the degree of genic variation of A. chinensis (P=32.5 HD=0.100, HG=0.119) was highe, than other fishes and the value of O. biders was the lowest (P=4.2%, HD=0.008, HG=0.008). The average genetic similarities among the populations in each species of A. chinensis, Z. platypus, Z. temmincki MS type, Z. temmincki W type, and O. widens were S=0.902, 0.899, 0.990, 0.914, and 0.992, respectively. The average genetic similarity of A. chinensis to the other species was the lowest value of S=0.235, whereas that between two species of Z. temmincki was the highest of S=0.822. Genetically, Z. plypus is more similiar to O. widens than ho species of the same genus Zacco. Based on estimated divergent time of 5 species of the Subfamily Danioninae (7.6 to 0.9 million years) it is assumed that they are speciated during late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene epoch.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

This study was carried out to calculate the genic values of days for flowering in commercial breeding lines of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Two breeding lines of pepper '#2132' ($P_1$) early-flowering, and '#1308' ($P_2$) medium-late flowering, and their $F_1$ and $F_2$ generations were used in this study. By using partitioning method (Thseng and Hosokawa, 1971, 1972), it was possible to estimate, from the $F_2$ generations, the number of effective factor pairs differentiating the two parents. It was found out that the two parents were differentiated by two effective factor pairs, A:a and B:b. In the breeding lines used, the inheritance of days to flowering showed that the $F_1$ flowered a little earlier than the earlier flowering parent through the effect of over-dominance. However, $F_2$ flowered earlier or later than both parents through transgressive segregation. Conclusively, the magnitude of genic effects of A-a gene in flowering days was -13.81 days, and B-b gene was -6.73 days. The interaction between the two non-allelic factors using partitioning method was -5.26 days.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.499-508
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• 1990

Surveys of elecirophoretic variations in isozymes and proteins encoded by 25 persumtive loci were conducted to estimate the degree of genic variation and to assess species recognition for three species of the Family Gasterosteidae (Pisces) in Korea. The average degree of genic variation of Gasterosteus aculeatus was HD = 0.086, HG = 0.084, and P =36% and it was similar to Pungitius sinensis (HD = 0.080, HG = 0.091, P = 29%). But P.kaibarae was less variable than these species (HD = 0.034; HG = 0.034, P = 13%). The average genetic similarities among the populations in each species of Gasterosteus aculeatus pungitius sinensis and P. kaibarae were S = 0.963, S = 0.953 and S = 0.800 respectively.Yongchon and Kyongiu populations of P. kaibarae were genetically remote from the rest of the conspecific populations (S = 0.690). Chae (1988) also observed morphological differences between them. The value of genetic similariiy coefficients of S = 0.606 between P. sinensis and P. kaibarae is low enough to consider as specific level of genetic difference, but moderate rate of hybridization (44%) between them at a synpatric area of Kangnung indicates that isolating mechanism is incomplete. Therefore it is concluded that P. sinensis and P. kaffarae are semispecitic status. Intergeneric genetic similarities between the genus Gasrerosteus and Pungitius were S = 0.052 and this value is the lowest estimate up to date in freshwater fishes.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 1989

Genetic and morphometric comparison between two species of the genus Agkistrodon were performed to estimate the degree of genic variation and to clarify the taxonomic status of Cheju population, a suspected hybrid form between A. blomhoffii brevicaudus and A u ussuriensis. A sum of 147 specimens representing six populations of A.b. brevicaudus and two populations of A ussuriensis was used in this study. Out of the 21 loci examined, 5 loci (Adh, Ldh-2, Mdh-2, Mpi, Pgi) were monomorphic with identical mobility in both species. O Other Sioci (Aco, Gp, Fum, [po and Xdh in A b. brevicaudus; Est, Got-l, Gp, Mdh-l and 6Pgd in A ussuriensis) were highly poplymorphic. The degree of genic variation of Ab. b brevicaudus and A ussuriensis was A=1.SS, P=42.1%, HD=0.096, HG=O.l1S, and A= 1.4S, P = 31.6%, HD=0.117, HG =0.121, repectively. These values are twofold higher t than those of other reptilian species reported (Selander, 1976) including Korean species of Rhabdophis tigrina and Elaphe dione (Paik and Yang, 1986, 1987). The average values of t the genetic similarities among six populations of A b. brevicaudus and two populations of A ussuriensis were S=0.919 and S=0.962, respectively, whereas the value between species was S = 0.662. Presumed divergent time estimate (Nei, 1975) of these two species was about 1 1.8 million years ago. The analysis of the geographic variations of various morphological c characters was based on Gloyd’s criteria (Gloyd, 1972). Coloration of tongue and tail tip, t the number of ventral scales, and the number of subcaudal scales are good diagnostic c characters to identify these two species. The pattern of cross band is, however, highly variable within and between populations of both species. No hybrid was detected and the s suspected hybrid form of Cheju population falls within the range of A. ussuriensis in the g genetic and morphometric analyses.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.535-540
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• 1996

Potato slices were dipped in solution of 2% CaCl$_2$, and 1% chitosan or preheated in each of these solutions for refrigeration for 4 weeks at 5$^{\circ}C$. Changes in L value, content of total phenol and chlorogenic acid and po lyphenol oxidase activity were determined. During refrigeration, it was found that L values of potato slices treated with CaCl$_2$, (CaPS) and those treated with chitosan (ChPS) increased. Contents of total phenol and chlorogenic acid of potato slices decreased, While potato slices preheated in CaCl, solution (Hcaps) showed much decreases. And polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of potato slices decreased except CaPS and decreases in PPO activities were much larger in preheated potato slices. From these results, of those treatments used, chitosan treatment combined with preheating have shown to be effective to control enzymatic browning of potato slices during refrigeration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.620-625
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• 2005

Correlation of microsatellite heterozygosity with performance or heterosis was reported in wild animal populations and domestic animal populations, but the correlation with heterosis in a crossbreeding F$_1$ pig population remained uncertain. To explore this, we had random selected and mated Yorkshire${\times}$Meishan (F, n = 82) and their reciprocal (G, n = 47) to F$_1$, and used the two straightbreds as control groups (Yorkshire = 34, Meishan = 55), and observed the heterosis of birth weight (BWT), average daily gain (ADG) and feed and meat ratio (FMR). Two Kinds of measurement-individual heterozygosity (IH) and individual mean d$^2$ (lg value, ID) were used as index of heterozygosity and variance from 39 microsatellite marker loci to perform univariate regression analysis against heterosis. We detected significant correlation of IH with BWT in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. We observed significant correlation of ID with ADG in all of F$_1$ (F+G), and with FMR in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. There was significant maternal effect on heterosis, which was indicated by significant difference of means and distribution of heterosis between F and G. This difference was consistent with distributions of IH and ID, and with difference of means in F and G. From this study, it would be suggested that the two kinds of genetic index could be used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis in crossbreeding populations but could not determine which is better.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.2 s.35
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• pp.75-80
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• 1978

The study was conducted to determine the inherited properties of the MEB resistance to natural population of the small brown plant-hopper(Laodelphax striatelluss). The plant-hoppers were collected from the natural population of Naju area where the highest insecticide resistance of MEF to the green rice leaf hopper (Nephotettix cincticeps) have been examined in 1976. And Naju collections were crossed to the susceptible Lab stock to examine the MEP resistance in the $F_1,\;BC_1F_1\;and\;F_2$ and $F_2$ populations. Ail the data were analyzed by the probit method. There was a difference in MEP resistance between Naju collection and susceptible Lab stock, showing $LD_{50}$ value of the former was 0.0029ug/insect compared to 0.0008ug/insect for the later. The $LD_{50}$ values and dosage-mortality lines of the $F_1$ and $BC_1F_1$ tended to close their resistant parent. and it was considered that the character of the MEP resistance in the Naju collection of the small brown plant hopper was controlled by the genetic traits. However, $LD_{50}$ value and dosasage-mortality lines of the $F_2$ populations were intermediate to their parents, it would be conclusive that the trait will be governed by a interaction of the genes or factors rather than the single genic control.