• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The main goal of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among 36 grape cultivars grown in Palestine by using ISSR-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprints. Among the tested primers, 17 produced reasonable amplification products with high intensity and pattern stability. A total of 57 DNA fragments (loci) separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels were detected and they ranged in size, from 150 to 900 bp. Out of these fragments, 55 (88%) were polymorphic and 2 (3.5%) monomorphic. Our results also revealed an average of 3.1 loci per primer. A minimum of 1 and maximum of 10 DNA fragments were obtained (S-17, #820 and #841) and (S-31) primers, respectively. Therefore, the later primer (S-31) is considered to be the most powerful primer among the tested ones. The genetic distance matrix showed an average distance range of between 0.05 and 0.76. The maximum genetic distance value of 0.76 (24% similarity) was exhibited between the (Shami and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) as well as (Bairuti and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) genotypes. On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance of 0.05 (95% similarity) was exhibited between (Jandali.Tawel.Mofarad and Jandali. Kurawi.Mlzlz) along with (Shami.Aswad and Shami.mtartash. mlwn) genotypes. Furthermore, the UPGMA dendrogram generally clusters the grape cultivars into eight major clusters in addition to an isolated genotype. Based on these figures, the cultivars tested in this study could be characterized by large divergence at the DNA level. This is taking the assumption that our region has a very rich and varied clonal grape genetic structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.102-113
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• 2004

This paper addresses the transportation planning that is based on genetic algorithm for determining transportation time and transportation amount of minimizing cost of distribution system. The vehicle routing of minimizing the transportation distance of vehicle is determined. A distribution system is consisted of a distribution center and many retailers. The model is assumed that the time horizon is discrete and finite, and the demand of retailers is dynamic and deterministic. Products are transported from distribution center to retailers according to transportation planning. Cost factors are the transportation cost and the inventory cost, which transportation cost is proportional to transportation distance of vehicle when products are transported from distribution center to retailers, and inventory cost is proportional to inventory amounts of retailers. Transportation time to retailers is represented as a genetic string. The encoding of the solutions into binary strings is presented, as well as the genetic operators used by the algorithm. A mathematical model is developed. Genetic algorithm procedure is suggested, and a illustrative example is shown to explain the procedure.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2010

To estimate the genetic characteristics within two brands of Korean native commercial chicken, we used a total of 302 genomic DNAs from two groups (Woorichicken: 152, Hanhyup3chicken: 150). Sizes of 10 microsatellite markers were decided using GeneMapper Software (v.4.0) after analyzing ABI 3130. Genetic diversity indices including expected heterozygosity (Ex H), observed heterozygosity (Ob H) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Frequencies of microsatellites markers were used to estimate heterozygosities and genetic distances. LEI0073 showed the highest value in all genetic diversity (Ex H, Ob H and PIC). On the other hand, MCW322 showed the lowest value in all genetic diversity. The calculated genetic distance of the two brand groups is 0.199 (standard genetic distance) and 0.132 (DA distance). Genetic distances of the two groups were relatively close to each other. Each individual is ramified to two brand groups in phylogenetic dendrogram.

• ALGAE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2015

Ecklonia cava Kjellman is a common kelp found in shallow subtidal in warm-temperate waters in the northwest Pacific Ocean. This species has shown substantial morphological variation along with subsistence in different locations and local environments. We quantified the magnitude of morphological variation of E. cava from six populations along ~700 km of coastline from Jeju Island to Dokdo in Korea. In addition, we examined genetic distance among the populations using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Most morphological characteristics investigated were significantly different among locations. Multivariate analyses indicated two phenetically distinct groups (nearshore, sheltered vs. offshore, exposed), indicating wave exposure with turbidity are presumably major factors for the separation. With RAPD data, results of Nei's diversity (H) and AMOVA showed considerable variations in within- and between-populations. Pairwise ${\Phi}_{ST}$ and $N_m$ values indicated moderate gene flow between the six locations. Results of Nei's analysis revealed three genetically distinct groups, not consistent with the morphological groupings, indicating that a time gap may exist between morphological and genetic variations. This study also suggests dispersal distance of this kelp may be longer than what is commonly thought and genetic similarity in the populations was largely reflected by the direction of ocean current rather than just geographical distance.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.376-384
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• 2021

Agaricus bisporus is a popular edible mushroom that is cultivated worldwide. Due to its secondary homothallic nature, cultivated A. bisporus strains have low genetic diversity, and breeding novel strains is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of globally collected A. bisporus strains using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Agaricus bisporus strains were divided based on genetic distance-based groups and model-based subpopulations. The major allele frequency (MAF), number of genotypes (NG), number of alleles (NA), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were calculated, and genetic distance, population structure, genetic differentiation, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were assessed. Strains were divided into two groups by distance-based analysis and into three subpopulations by model-based analysis. Strains in subpopulations POP A and POP B were included in Group I, and strains in subpopulation POP C were included in Group II. Genetic differentiation between strains was 99%. Marker AB-gSSR-1057 in Group II and subpopulation POP C was confirmed to be in HWE. These results will enhance A. bisporus breeding programs and support the protection of genetic resources.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2003

B. mandarina of Korean population apparently differs B. mori in isozyme analysis. Fourteen polymorphism occurred B. mandarina not in B. mori at 6 isozymes, Bph, Bes, Amy-hc, Ies, Ict-D, Ict-E. Korean population has shared with the Korean native strain of B. mori in B genotype of Bes, F of Amy-hc, n of Ict-E, M and S of Ict-H. These 5 genotype were known that detection only Korean native strains of B. mori. Nei's genetic distance based on the genotype of isozyme and hemolymph protein using 4 populations of B. mandarina varied from 0.0350 to 0.0624. The distances of 0.0350 is between Jinju and Chilgok population and between Jinju and Kosung population has the largest distances, 0.0624. In genus of Bombyx, B. mandarina and B. mori, genetic distance varied from 0.3822 to 0.5074. Phylogenetic tree obtained using the subprogram UPGMA of NTSYS represented that Bombyx devided two group, B. mandarina and B. mori. B. mandarina has genetic differences according to the population within the Korean peninsula, but that was not recognized genetic variation or divergence considering low values of genetic distance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2020

This paper describes hierarchically stratifying and analyzing haplotrees of haplogroups from haplotypes on the Y and X chromosomes of human cells for genetic and Korean traditional and genealogical trees. The specific region is Chungcheong province, and the Y-DNA of the paternal lines has high frequency of O3a∗ and O2b∗ in the O group, and the mtDNA of the maternal line has a relatively high frequency of D∗ and M∗ in the L3 group. Each combination of these constructs the family tree of the father lines and mother lines. Genetic distances using Nei's standard genetic distance, are very close relatives of less than 0.1 and close relatives of 0.1 to 0.8. Provided, the distance is more than 1.0, it is difficult to estimate relatives. STR has the identified kinship, and SNP has the personal genetic identification. A scientific stratification of the Korean genealogical tree is created by the three factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1536-1542
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• 2002

The genetic variability of three poultry breeds namely Aseel, Miri and Nicobari taken from different geographical locations of India were evaluated using 15 microsatellite loci. No. of alleles varied from 3 to 9 in Aseel, 3 to 8 in Miri and 2 to 7 in Nicobari. Mean PIC values in Aseel, Miri and Nicobari breeds were 0.64, 0.66 and 0.63, respectively. Average unbiased heterozygosity and direct count heterozygosity were 0.65 and 0.59, 0.68 and 0.61, and 0.64 and 0.57 in Aseel, Miri and Nicobari breeds, respectively. High heterozygosity values revealed in this study are indicative of low level of inbreeding, large population size and no or low selection pressure for commercial trait in all three populations. The estimate of genetic distances using Nei's standard, Nei's minimum and Reynold's distance revealed Aseel and Nicobari to be more closely related than Miri breed of poultry.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the genotype of black-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) using seven microsatellite loci to quantify its genetic diversity and population structure throughout the spatial scale of basins of Han, Geum, Yeongsan, and Nakdong Rivers in South Korea. Genetic diversities in these four areas were compared using diversity index and inbreeding coefficient obtained from the number and frequency of alleles as well as heterozygosity. Additionally, the population structure was confirmed with population differentiation, Nei's genetic distance, multivariate analysis, and Bayesian clustering analysis. Interestingly, a negative genetic diversity pattern was observed in the Han River basin, indicating possible recent habitat disturbances or population declines. In contrast, a positive genetic diversity pattern was found for the population in the Nakdong River basin that had remained the most stable. Results of population structure suggested that populations of black-spotted pond frogs distributed in these four river basins were genetically independent. In particular, the population of the Nakdong River basin had the greatest genetic distance, indicating that it might have originated from an independent population. These results support the use of genetics in addition to designations strictly based on geographic stream areas to define the spatial scale of populations for management and conservation practices.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.305-309
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• 2013

The determination of relatedness between individuals in a family is crucial in analysis of common complex diseases. We present a method to infer close inter-familial relationships based on SNP genotyping data and provide the relationship coefficient of kinship in Korean families. We obtained blood samples from 43 Korean individuals in two families. SNP data was obtained using the Affymetrix Genome-wide Human SNP array 6.0 and the Illumina Human 1M-Duo chip. To measure the kinship coefficient with the SNP genotyping data, we considered all possible pairs of individuals in each family. The genetic distance between two individuals in a pair was determined using the allele sharing distance method. The results show that genetic distance is proportional to the kinship coefficient and that a close degree of kinship can be confirmed with SNP genotyping data. This study represents the first attempt to identify the genetic distance between very closely related individuals.