• 제목/요약/키워드: Genetic Approach

검색결과 1,323건 처리시간 0.032초

Fusion Peptide Improves Stability and Bioactivity of Single Chain Antibody against Rabies Virus

  • Xi, Hualong;Zhang, Kaixin;Yin, Yanchun;Gu, Tiejun;Sun, Qing;Shi, Linqing;Zhang, Renxia;Jiang, Chunlai;Kong, Wei;Wu, Yongge
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.718-724
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    • 2017
  • The combination of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) with a vaccine is currently effective against rabies infections, but improvements are needed. Genetic engineering antibody technology is an attractive approach for developing novel antibodies to replace RIG. In our previous study, a single-chain variable fragment, scFv57R, against rabies virus glycoprotein was constructed. However, its inherent weak stability and short half-life compared with the parent RIG may limit its diagnostic and therapeutic application. Therefore, an acidic tail of synuclein (ATS) derived from the C-terminal acidic tail of human alpha-synuclein protein was fused to the C-terminus of scFv57R in order to help it resist adverse stress and improve the stability and half-life. The tail showed no apparent effect on the preparation procedure and affinity of the protein, nor did it change the neutralizing potency in vitro. In the ELISA test of molecular stability, the ATS fusion form of the protein, scFv57R-ATS, showed an increase in thermal stability and longer half-life in serum than scFv57R. The protection against fatal rabies virus challenge improved after fusing the tail to the scFv, which may be attributed to the improved stability. Thus, the ATS fusion approach presented here is easily implemented and can be used as a new strategy to improve the stability and half-life of engineered antibody proteins for practical applications.

An Approach for a Substitution Matrix Based on Protein Blocks and Physicochemical Properties of Amino Acids through PCA

  • You, Youngki;Jang, Inhwan;Lee, Kyungro;Kim, Heonjoo;Lee, Kwanhee
    • Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.3.1-3.10
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    • 2014
  • Amino acid substitution matrices are essential tools for protein sequence analysis, homology sequence search in protein databases and multiple sequence alignment. The PAM matrix was the first widely used amino acid substitution matrix. The BLOSUM series then succeeded the PAM matrix. Most substitution matrixes were developed by using the statistical frequency of substitution between each amino acid at blocks representing groups of protein families or related proteins. However, substitution of amino acids is based on the similarity of physiochemical properties of each amino acid. In this study, a new approach was used to obtain major physiochemical properties in multiple sequence alignment. Frequency of amino acid substitution in multiple sequence alignment database and selected attributes of amino acids in physiochemical properties database were merged. This merged data showed the major physiochemical properties through principle components analysis. Using factor analysis, these four principle components were interpreted as flexibility of electronic movement, polarity, negative charge and structural flexibility. Applying these four components, BAPS was constructed and validated for accuracy. When comparing receiver operated characteristic ($ROC_{50}$) values, BAPS scored slightly lower than BLOSUM and PAM. However, when evaluating for accuracy by comparing results from multiple sequence alignment with the structural alignment results of two test data sets with known three-dimensional structure in the homologous structure alignment database, the result of the test for BAPS was comparatively equivalent or better than results for prior matrices including PAM, Gonnet, Identity and Genetic code matrix.

서포트 벡터 회귀를 이용한 블랙-박스 함수의 최적화 (Using Support Vector Regression for Optimization of Black-box Objective Functions)

  • 곽민정;윤민
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.125-136
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    • 2008
  • 많은 실제적인 공학 설계문제에 있어서, 목적함수의 형태는 설계변수들에 의하여 정확하게 주어지지 않는다. 이러한 환경 하에서, 구조해석, 유체 역학 해석, 열역학 분석과 같은 등과 같은 문제에서 설계변수들의 값이 주어졌을 때 목적함수들의 값은 실제 실험이나 계산상의 실험을 통하여 얻어지게 된다. 일반적으로, 이러한 실험들은 많은 비용이 든다. 이런 경우에는 실험의 횟수를 가능한 적게 하기위하여, 목적함수의 형태를 예측하는 것과 병행하여 최적화를 수행하게 된다. 반응표면분석(Response Surface Methodology, RSM)은 이러한 접근 방법에서 잘 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 목적함수의 예측을 위하여 서포트 벡터 기계(Support Vector Machines, SVM)의 방법을 적용할 것이다. 이러한 접근에서 가장 중요한 과제들 중의 하나는 가능한 실험의 횟수를 적게 하기 위하여 적절하게 표본자료들을 배치하는 것이다. 이러한 목적에 서포트 벡터의 정보들이 효과적으로 사용되어짐을 보이고 제안한 방법의 효율성은 공학 설계문제에서 잘 알려진 수치 예제를 통하여 보인다.

자동차용 인스트루먼트 패널의 사출압력 최소화를 위한 밸브 게이트 열림 시점 결정 (Determination of Valve Gate Open Timing for Minimizing Injection Pressure of an Automotive Instrument Panel)

  • 조성빈;박창현;표병기;최동훈
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.46-51
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    • 2012
  • Injection pressure, an important factor in filling process, should be minimized to enhance injection molding quality. Injection pressure can be controlled by valve gate open timing. In this work, we decided the valve gate open timing to minimize the injection pressure. To solve this design problem, we integrated MAPS-3D (Mold Analysis and Plastic Solution-3Dimension), a commercial injection molding CAE tool, to PIAnO (Process Integration, Automation and Optimization), a commercial PIDO (Process Integration, and Design Optimization) tool using the file parsing method. In order to reduce computational cost, we performed an approximate optimization using meta-models that replaced expensive computer simulations. At first, we carried out DOE (Design of Experiments) using OLHD (Optimal Latin Hypercube Design) available in PIAnO. Then, we built Kriging models using the simulation results at the sampling points. Finally, we used micro GA (Genetic Algorithm) available in PIAnO. Using the proposed design approach, the injection pressure has been reduced by 13.7% compared to the initial one. This design result clearly shows the validity of the proposed design approach.

제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術) (Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop)

  • 김길웅;박광호
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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이중 대역 개구면 결합 공진기 급전 마이크로스트립 안테나 설계 (Dual Band Design of Aperture-Coupled Cavity-Fed Microstrip Antenna)

  • 장국현;남경민;이장환;남상호;김철언;김정필
    • 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2007
  • 개구면 결합 공진기 급전 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 단순하고도 정확한 등가 회로를 추출한다. 이 등가회로는 이상적인 트랜스포머, 어드미턴스 소자, 그리고 전송선으로 구성되고 각 소자 값들은 가역 정리와 스펙트럼 영역 이미턴스 방법에 기반한 복소 전력 개념으로부터 구할 수 있다. 기 게재된 논문의 연구 결과를 이용하여 제안한 등가회로의 타당성을 검증한 후 이중 대역 안테나를 유전 알고리즘과 Holder-Mead 방법을 통한 이종 진화적 최적화 방법으로 설계하였다. 설계 목표치에 적합한 결과를 도출하였고, 이 결과는 이종 진화적 최적화 방법이 설계에 매우 효율직임을 확인해 준다.

공생 진화를 이용한 Immunotronic 접근 방식의 하드웨어 오류 검출 (A New Immunotronic Approach to Hardware Fault Detection Using Symbiotic Evolution)

  • 이상형;김은태;이희진;박민용
    • 전자공학회논문지CI
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 하드웨어 오류 검출을 위하여 공생 진화(symbiotic evolution)에 기반을 둔 새로운 immunotronic 알고리즘을 제안한다. 면역학(immunology)과 전자공학(Electronics)을 결합한 immunotronic 시스템에서 가장 중요한 점은 포용 조건 (tolerance condition)을 생성하는 방식이다. 여기서 포용 조건 생성은 생체 면역 시스템에서의 항체 생성을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 생체 면역 시스템에서 매우 중요한 개념인 항체의 다양성 원리(principle of antibody diversity)를 포용 조건 생성에 적용한 후 공생 진화를 통하여 이를 구현한다. 공생 진화는 기존의 유전자 알고리즘(standard genetic algorithm, SGA)에 비해서 더욱 더 생체 면역 시스템이 항체를 생성하는 방식과 유사하며 이러한 방식은 이전의 immunotronic 방식에 비해서 더 향상된 비자기 검출 율을 보여 준다. 이렇게 제안된 알고리즘을 FSM(Finite State Machine)의 가장 전형적인 예인 십진 카운터와 MCNC benchmark FSM에 적용한 후 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해 그 성능을 확인한다.

입자 군집 최적화 방법론을 이용한 효율적 위성임무 일정 수립에 관한 연구 (Efficient Satellite Mission Scheduling Problem Using Particle Swarm Optimization)

  • 이영인;이강환;서인우;고성석
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.56-63
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    • 2016
  • We consider a satellite mission scheduling problem, which is a promising problem in recent satellite industry. This problem has various considerations such as customer importance, due date, limited capacity of energy and memory, distance of the location of each mission, etc. Also we consider the objective of each satellite such as general purpose satellite, strategic mission and commercial satellite. And this problem can be modelled as a general knapsack problem, which is famous NP-hard problem, if the objective is defined as to maximize the total mission score performed. To solve this kind of problem, heuristic algorithm such as taboo and genetic algorithm are applied and their performance are acceptable in some extent. To propose more efficient algorithm than previous research, we applied a particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is the most promising method in optimization problem recently in this research. Owing to limitation of current study in obtaining real information and several assumptions, we generated 200 satellite missions with required information for each mission. Based on generated information, we compared the results by our approach algorithm with those of CPLEX. This comparison shows that our proposed approach give us almost accurate results as just less than 3% error rate, and computation time is just a little to be applied to real problem. Also this algorithm has enough scalability by innate characteristic of PSO. We also applied it to mission scheduling problem of various class of satellite. The results are quite reasonable enough to conclude that our proposed algorithm may work in satellite mission scheduling problem.

다중 외삽점에서의 최적 실험설계법을 위한 실험설계기준 (Some Criteria for Optimal Experimental Design at Multiple Extrapolation Points)

  • 김영일;장대흥
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.693-703
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    • 2014
  • 실험영역을 벗어나는 다중 외삽점들에 관한 실험설계를 기획하는 경우 실험자는 종종 어느 외삽점에 더 많은 노력을 집중하여야 하는지 주어진 모형이 있다하더라도, 고민하는 경우가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 상황에 관한 실험설계 문제를 다루었다. 첫 번째는 주어진 모형이 실험영역을 벗어나더라도 모형이 타당한 경우 다중 외삽점에 관한 실험설계고 다른 하나는 그렇지 않은 경우이다. 첫 번째인 경우는 비교적 기존 문헌에서 알려진 방법들이 적용될 수 있으나 그렇지 않은 경우 즉, 모형의 타당성이 의심되는 경우는 다른 실험설계기준을 제시하여야 한다, 본 연구는 이와 관련 다양한 하이브리드 방법을 제시하여 다중 외삽점에서의 문제가 어떻게 모형 불확실성하에서 전개되어야 하는지 다루어 보았다, 이를 위해 서치알고리즘의 하나인 유전알고리즘을 적용하였다. 왜냐하면 전통적인 교환알고리즘의 복잡성보다는 유전알고리즘의 효율성이 더 뛰어났다고 보기 때문이다.

Macrolepiota in Korea: New Records and a New Species

  • Cho, Hae Jin;Lee, Hyun;Park, Myung Soo;Kim, Changmu;Wisitrassameewong, Komsit;Lupala, Abel;Park, Ki Hyeong;Kim, Min Ji;Fong, Jonathan J.;Lim, Young Woon
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.368-377
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    • 2019
  • The genus Macrolepiota (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is easy to recognize at the genus level because of big, fleshy basidiocarps with squamules covering the pileus; a single or double annulus; and big, thick-walled basidiospores with a germ pore. However, morphological identification is often unreliable in Macrolepiota due to similar morphological features among species. Due to the uncertainty of previous morphological identification in the genus Macrolepiota, it is necessary to re-examine Korean Macrolepiota using molecular data. We reexamined 34 Macrolepiota specimens collected from 2012 to 2018 in Korea using a reverse taxonomic approach, whereby species identification was first done based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis, followed by morphological confirmation. We identified the presence of four species: M. detersa, M. mastoidea, M. procera, and M. umbonata sp. nov. Two species (M. detersa and M. mastoidea) were previously unrecorded from Korea and M. umbonata is a new species. Detailed descriptions of all four species and taxonomic key are provided in this study. Macrolepiota procera and M. umbonata are distributed through the country, but M. detersa and M. mastoidea are distributed only in limited areas. According to our results, the combination of ITS locus and morphology proved to be a robust approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of Macrolepiota species in Korea. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.