• Title/Summary/Keyword: Generative models

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Development of a Regulatory Q&A System for KAERI Utilizing Document Search Algorithms and Large Language Model (거대언어모델과 문서검색 알고리즘을 활용한 한국원자력연구원 규정 질의응답 시스템 개발)

  • Hongbi Kim;Yonggyun Yu
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2023
  • The evolution of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the rise of large language models (LLM) like ChatGPT have paved the way for specialized question-answering (QA) systems tailored to specific domains. This study outlines a system harnessing the power of LLM in conjunction with document search algorithms to interpret and address user inquiries using documents from the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Initially, the system refines multiple documents for optimized search and analysis, breaking the content into managable paragraphs suitable for the language model's processing. Each paragraph's content is converted into a vector via an embedding model and archived in a database. Upon receiving a user query, the system matches the extracted vectors from the question with the stored vectors, pinpointing the most pertinent content. The chosen paragraphs, combined with the user's query, are then processed by the language generation model to formulate a response. Tests encompassing a spectrum of questions verified the system's proficiency in discerning question intent, understanding diverse documents, and delivering rapid and precise answers.

Evaluating ChatGPT's Competency in BIM Related Knowledge via the Korean BIM Expertise Exam (BIM 운용 전문가 시험을 통한 ChatGPT의 BIM 분야 전문 지식 수준 평가)

  • Choi, Jiwon;Koo, Bonsang;Yu, Youngsu;Jeong, Yujeong;Ham, Namhyuk
    • Journal of KIBIM
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 2023
  • ChatGPT, a chatbot based on GPT large language models, has gained immense popularity among the general public as well as domain professionals. To assess its proficiency in specialized fields, ChatGPT was tested on mainstream exams like the bar exam and medical licensing tests. This study evaluated ChatGPT's ability to answer questions related to Building Information Modeling (BIM) by testing it on Korea's BIM expertise exam, focusing primarily on multiple-choice problems. Both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were tested by prompting them to provide the correct answers to three years' worth of exams, totaling 150 questions. The results showed that both versions passed the test with average scores of 68 and 85, respectively. GPT-4 performed particularly well in categories related to 'BIM software' and 'Smart Construction technology'. However, it did not fare well in 'BIM applications'. Both versions were more proficient with short-answer choices than with sentence-length answers. Additionally, GPT-4 struggled with questions related to BIM policies and regulations specific to the Korean industry. Such limitations might be addressed by using tools like LangChain, which allow for feeding domain-specific documents to customize ChatGPT's responses. These advancements are anticipated to enhance ChatGPT's utility as a virtual assistant for BIM education and modeling automation.

Performance Assessment of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Regional Name Identification and Classification in Scientific Documents (머신러닝을 이용한 과학기술 문헌에서의 지역명 식별과 분류방법에 대한 성능 평가)

  • Jung-Woo Lee;Oh-Jin Kwon
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.389-396
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    • 2024
  • Generative AI has recently been utilized across all fields, achieving expert-level advancements in deep data analysis. However, identifying regional names in scientific literature remains a challenge due to insufficient training data and limited AI application. This study developed a standardized dataset for effectively classifying regional names using address data from Korean institution-affiliated authors listed in the Web of Science. It tested and evaluated the applicability of machine learning and deep learning models in real-world problems. The BERT model showed superior performance, with a precision of 98.41%, recall of 98.2%, and F1 score of 98.31% for metropolitan areas, and a precision of 91.79%, recall of 88.32%, and F1 score of 89.54% for city classifications. These findings offer a valuable data foundation for future research on regional R&D status, researcher mobility, collaboration status, and so on.

Analysis of deep learning-based deep clustering method (딥러닝 기반의 딥 클러스터링 방법에 대한 분석)

  • Hyun Kwon;Jun Lee
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2023
  • Clustering is an unsupervised learning method that involves grouping data based on features such as distance metrics, using data without known labels or ground truth values. This method has the advantage of being applicable to various types of data, including images, text, and audio, without the need for labeling. Traditional clustering techniques involve applying dimensionality reduction methods or extracting specific features to perform clustering. However, with the advancement of deep learning models, research on deep clustering techniques using techniques such as autoencoders and generative adversarial networks, which represent input data as latent vectors, has emerged. In this study, we propose a deep clustering technique based on deep learning. In this approach, we use an autoencoder to transform the input data into latent vectors, and then construct a vector space according to the cluster structure and perform k-means clustering. We conducted experiments using the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets in the PyTorch machine learning library as the experimental environment. The model used is a convolutional neural network-based autoencoder model. The experimental results show an accuracy of 89.42% for MNIST and 56.64% for Fashion-MNIST when k is set to 10.

A Study on Fine-Tuning and Transfer Learning to Construct Binary Sentiment Classification Model in Korean Text (한글 텍스트 감정 이진 분류 모델 생성을 위한 미세 조정과 전이학습에 관한 연구)

  • JongSoo Kim
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.15-30
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    • 2023
  • Recently, generative models based on the Transformer architecture, such as ChatGPT, have been gaining significant attention. The Transformer architecture has been applied to various neural network models, including Google's BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) sentence generation model. In this paper, a method is proposed to create a text binary classification model for determining whether a comment on Korean movie review is positive or negative. To accomplish this, a pre-trained multilingual BERT sentence generation model is fine-tuned and transfer learned using a new Korean training dataset. To achieve this, a pre-trained BERT-Base model for multilingual sentence generation with 104 languages, 12 layers, 768 hidden, 12 attention heads, and 110M parameters is used. To change the pre-trained BERT-Base model into a text classification model, the input and output layers were fine-tuned, resulting in the creation of a new model with 178 million parameters. Using the fine-tuned model, with a maximum word count of 128, a batch size of 16, and 5 epochs, transfer learning is conducted with 10,000 training data and 5,000 testing data. A text sentiment binary classification model for Korean movie review with an accuracy of 0.9582, a loss of 0.1177, and an F1 score of 0.81 has been created. As a result of performing transfer learning with a dataset five times larger, a model with an accuracy of 0.9562, a loss of 0.1202, and an F1 score of 0.86 has been generated.

Sentiment Analysis of News Based on Generative AI and Real Estate Price Prediction: Application of LSTM and VAR Models (생성 AI기반 뉴스 감성 분석과 부동산 가격 예측: LSTM과 VAR모델의 적용)

  • Sua Kim;Mi Ju Kwon;Hyon Hee Kim
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.209-216
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    • 2024
  • Real estate market prices are determined by various factors, including macroeconomic variables, as well as the influence of a variety of unstructured text data such as news articles and social media. News articles are a crucial factor in predicting real estate transaction prices as they reflect the economic sentiment of the public. This study utilizes sentiment analysis on news articles to generate a News Sentiment Index score, which is then seamlessly integrated into a real estate price prediction model. To calculate the sentiment index, the content of the articles is first summarized. Then, using AI, the summaries are categorized into positive, negative, and neutral sentiments, and a total score is calculated. This score is then applied to the real estate price prediction model. The models used for real estate price prediction include the Multi-head attention LSTM model and the Vector Auto Regression model. The LSTM prediction model, without applying the News Sentiment Index (NSI), showed Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 0.60, 0.872, and 1.117 for the 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month forecasts, respectively. With the NSI applied, the RMSE values were reduced to 0.40, 0.724, and 1.03 for the same forecast periods. Similarly, the VAR prediction model without the NSI showed RMSE values of 1.6484, 0.6254, and 0.9220 for the 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month forecasts, respectively, while applying the NSI led to RMSE values of 1.1315, 0.3413, and 1.6227 for these periods. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in predicting apartment transaction price index and its ability to forecast real estate market price fluctuations that reflect socio-economic trends.

A study on the application of residual vector quantization for vector quantized-variational autoencoder-based foley sound generation model (벡터 양자화 변분 오토인코더 기반의 폴리 음향 생성 모델을 위한 잔여 벡터 양자화 적용 연구)

  • Seokjin Lee
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.243-252
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    • 2024
  • Among the Foley sound generation models that have recently begun to be studied, a sound generation technique using the Vector Quantized-Variational AutoEncoder (VQ-VAE) structure and generation model such as Pixelsnail are one of the important research subjects. On the other hand, in the field of deep learning-based acoustic signal compression, residual vector quantization technology is reported to be more suitable than the conventional VQ-VAE structure. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to study whether residual vector quantization technology can be effectively applied to the Foley sound generation. In order to tackle the problem, this paper applies the residual vector quantization technique to the conventional VQ-VAE-based Foley sound generation model, and in particular, derives a model that is compatible with the existing models such as Pixelsnail and does not increase computational resource consumption. In order to evaluate the model, an experiment was conducted using DCASE2023 Task7 data. The results show that the proposed model enhances about 0.3 of the Fréchet audio distance. Unfortunately, the performance enhancement was limited, which is believed to be due to the decrease in the resolution of time-frequency domains in order to do not increase consumption of the computational resources.

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation System (Conditional Generative Adversarial Network(CGAN) 기반 협업 필터링 추천 시스템)

  • Kang, Soyi;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.157-173
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    • 2021
  • With the development of information technology, the amount of available information increases daily. However, having access to so much information makes it difficult for users to easily find the information they seek. Users want a visualized system that reduces information retrieval and learning time, saving them from personally reading and judging all available information. As a result, recommendation systems are an increasingly important technologies that are essential to the business. Collaborative filtering is used in various fields with excellent performance because recommendations are made based on similar user interests and preferences. However, limitations do exist. Sparsity occurs when user-item preference information is insufficient, and is the main limitation of collaborative filtering. The evaluation value of the user item matrix may be distorted by the data depending on the popularity of the product, or there may be new users who have not yet evaluated the value. The lack of historical data to identify consumer preferences is referred to as data sparsity, and various methods have been studied to address these problems. However, most attempts to solve the sparsity problem are not optimal because they can only be applied when additional data such as users' personal information, social networks, or characteristics of items are included. Another problem is that real-world score data are mostly biased to high scores, resulting in severe imbalances. One cause of this imbalance distribution is the purchasing bias, in which only users with high product ratings purchase products, so those with low ratings are less likely to purchase products and thus do not leave negative product reviews. Due to these characteristics, unlike most users' actual preferences, reviews by users who purchase products are more likely to be positive. Therefore, the actual rating data is over-learned in many classes with high incidence due to its biased characteristics, distorting the market. Applying collaborative filtering to these imbalanced data leads to poor recommendation performance due to excessive learning of biased classes. Traditional oversampling techniques to address this problem are likely to cause overfitting because they repeat the same data, which acts as noise in learning, reducing recommendation performance. In addition, pre-processing methods for most existing data imbalance problems are designed and used for binary classes. Binary class imbalance techniques are difficult to apply to multi-class problems because they cannot model multi-class problems, such as objects at cross-class boundaries or objects overlapping multiple classes. To solve this problem, research has been conducted to convert and apply multi-class problems to binary class problems. However, simplification of multi-class problems can cause potential classification errors when combined with the results of classifiers learned from other sub-problems, resulting in loss of important information about relationships beyond the selected items. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective methods to address multi-class imbalance problems. We propose a collaborative filtering model using CGAN to generate realistic virtual data to populate the empty user-item matrix. Conditional vector y identify distributions for minority classes and generate data reflecting their characteristics. Collaborative filtering then maximizes the performance of the recommendation system via hyperparameter tuning. This process should improve the accuracy of the model by addressing the sparsity problem of collaborative filtering implementations while mitigating data imbalances arising from real data. Our model has superior recommendation performance over existing oversampling techniques and existing real-world data with data sparsity. SMOTE, Borderline SMOTE, SVM-SMOTE, ADASYN, and GAN were used as comparative models and we demonstrate the highest prediction accuracy on the RMSE and MAE evaluation scales. Through this study, oversampling based on deep learning will be able to further refine the performance of recommendation systems using actual data and be used to build business recommendation systems.

GenAI(Generative Artificial Intelligence) Technology Trend Analysis Using Bigkinds: ChatGPT Emergence and Startup Impact Assessment (빅카인즈를 활용한 GenAI(생성형 인공지능) 기술 동향 분석: ChatGPT 등장과 스타트업 영향 평가)

  • Lee, Hyun Ju;Sung, Chang Soo;Jeon, Byung Hoon
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.65-76
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    • 2023
  • In the field of technology entrepreneurship and startups, the development of Artificial Intelligence(AI) has emerged as a key topic for business model innovation. As a result, venture firms are making various efforts centered on AI to secure competitiveness(Kim & Geum, 2023). The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the development of GenAI technology and the startup ecosystem by analyzing domestic news articles to identify trends in the technology startup field. Using BIG Kinds, this study examined the changes in GenAI-related news articles, major issues, and trends in Korean news articles from 1990 to August 10, 2023, focusing on the emergence of ChatGPT before and after, and visualized the relevance through network analysis and keyword visualization. The results of the study showed that the mention of GenAI gradually increased in the articles from 2017 to 2023. In particular, OpenAI's ChatGPT service based on GPT-3.5 was highlighted as a major issue, indicating the popularization of language model-based GenAI technologies such as OpenAI's DALL-E, Google's MusicLM, and VoyagerX's Vrew. This proves the usefulness of GenAI in various fields, and since the launch of ChatGPT, Korean companies have been actively developing Korean language models. Startups such as Ritten Technologies are also utilizing GenAI to expand their scope in the technology startup field. This study confirms the connection between GenAI technology and startup entrepreneurship activities, which suggests that it can support the construction of innovative business strategies, and is expected to continue to shape the development of GenAI technology and the growth of the startup ecosystem. Further research is needed to explore international trends, the utilization of various analysis methods, and the possibility of applying GenAI in the real world. These efforts are expected to contribute to the development of GenAI technology and the growth of the startup ecosystem.

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Style-Based Transformer for Time Series Forecasting (시계열 예측을 위한 스타일 기반 트랜스포머)

  • Kim, Dong-Keon;Kim, Kwangsu
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.10 no.12
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    • pp.579-586
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    • 2021
  • Time series forecasting refers to predicting future time information based on past time information. Accurately predicting future information is crucial because it is used for establishing strategies or making policy decisions in various fields. Recently, a transformer model has been mainly studied for a time series prediction model. However, the existing transformer model has a limitation in that it has an auto-regressive structure in which the output result is input again when the prediction sequence is output. This limitation causes a problem in that accuracy is lowered when predicting a distant time point. This paper proposes a sequential decoding model focusing on the style transformation technique to handle these problems and make more precise time series forecasting. The proposed model has a structure in which the contents of past data are extracted from the transformer-encoder and reflected in the style-based decoder to generate the predictive sequence. Unlike the decoder structure of the conventional auto-regressive transformer, this structure has the advantage of being able to more accurately predict information from a distant view because the prediction sequence is output all at once. As a result of conducting a prediction experiment with various time series datasets with different data characteristics, it was shown that the model presented in this paper has better prediction accuracy than other existing time series prediction models.