• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.43-64
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of education expenditure children and financial support for parents on childbirth intention and, elderly life preparation. This study uses Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families data. The research subjects are married women aged between $20{\sim}45$ years old who have one child and are living with at least one parent. The analysis method includes chi-square analysis, frequency analysis, and logistic regression analysis which is suitable for presuming differences between groups and relative influence or power. As a result, the first subjective perception is that economic conditions influence childbirth intention and elderly life preparation. Second, the portion of education expenditure is a more important factor than traditional ones, such as the child's sex, the married woman's job and her income. Third, elderly life preparation is influenced by economic factors, regardless of whether they are subjective or objective factors. Finally, analyses by logistic regression analysis suggest that a decision about childbirth is influenced by education expenditure. This refer to the costs related to the child's generation. A decision about elderly life preparation is related to financial support from parents, meaning costs related to the parents's generation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Consumers have unique behaviors that are classified based on their interests and considerations before buying. They are predicted will change due to the pandemic of COVID-19. This study provides insights for retailers about the dynamic of consumer behavior before and during the pandemic, including future predictions. Research design, data and methodology: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement was applied in this study. Seven studies that were selected from five databases meet the criteria for cohort and cross-sectional analyses of gender, age, store types, and environmental concerns. Results: Consumer's gender and age contribute to consumer behavior change. Both offline and online stores can be integrated as omnichannel rather than substitute each other. Product distribution and consumer budget need to be reevaluated by retailers, while internet security is the most essential factor when developing their online transactions. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on changing consumer behavior in most countries. Retailers are encouraged to adapt to the changes by modifying their business model with technology. However, it is still speculated and cannot be generalized due to different cultural and contextual factors. Future studies are always needed to synchronize along with the transition of consumers' behavior.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.1371-1383
• /
• 2021

The study aims to investigate the organizational commitment and loyalty among millennial generation employees in Integrated Islamic Schools. The study gathered information and data from three different Islamic education institutions in Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 261 responses gathered using an online questionnaire distributed among millennial generation employees on each institution. The result then analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with the help of SPSS and SEM AMOS. From the analysis, it is found that employee trust and satisfaction strongly impacted employee organizational commitment, and employee organizational commitment strongly impacted employee loyalty, both attitudinal and behavioral. Test for model robustness was also conducted accordingly within suggestions from the previous research, resulted in quite different findings especially in continuance commitment variable. This study pointed out the importance of trust and satisfaction to maintain the millennials employee, and the importance of millennial understanding especially in the education sector. This study provides the reference for future organizational commitment and loyalty study among the millennial generation especially in a growing nation like Indonesia and pointed out the importance of the generational study on organizational behavior topics.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study explored how and why young and middle-aged adults disclose depressive feelings to others. In particular, we investigated the role of social norms to see whether using mobile instant messaging (MIM) could lower the perceived barriers of emotional disclosure. Furthermore, the motivations of emotional disclosure via MIM were compared between young and middle-aged adults. Methods: A total of 255 Koreans (128 middle-aged people, 127 young adults) participated in an online survey. Pearson's correlation coefficients, paired t-tests, SPSS PROCESS macro, and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the relationships among the key variables. Results: The perceived social norms were found to be a significant deterrent in disclosing depressive feelings to others. However, there was a significant interaction effect between generations and perceived social norms. Although young adults with low social norm awareness were more likely to disclose depressive feelings via MIM, emotional disclosure among middle-aged adults increased with higher levels of perceived social norms. Also, different motivations were observed. Conclusion: The results confirmed the significant effect of social norms as well as generational differences when using MIM as a channel of emotional disclosure.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2024

This study investigates the adoption of technology in smart tourist destinations, with a focus on the Baby Boomer generation. The objective is to analyze the perceived utility, intention to use, and risk perception of this generation regarding Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the context of smart tourist destinations. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to elderly groups belonging to the Baby Boomer generation in two Brazilian cities. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tools such as SPSS and Microsoft Excel, with an emphasis on regression analysis with moderation. The results indicate that when Baby Boomer tourists feel insecure about technology, they tend to not perceive its utility, impacting its acceptance. On the other hand, lower risk perceptions lead to an increase in perceived utility and, consequently, a greater intention to use technology in travel planning. The moderating role of risk perception in the relationship between perceived utility and intention to use is emphasized. The findings highlight the need for managers of smart destinations to consider the risks perceived by tourists, focus on diverse age groups, and implement strategies that address digital exclusion.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2024

The poultry plays a crucial role in the animal industry, providing humans with efficient, high-quality animal protein. The rapid growth and short generational intervals of broilers offer significant benefits compared to other economic animals. This growth and increased muscle mass in modern commercial broilers result from advancements in breeding. However, the high productivity of contemporary broilers indicates they are approaching their physiological limits, with excessive fat accumulation becoming a significant industry issue. This not only reduces lean meat yield and feed efficiency but also negatively impacts consumers, especially due to problematic abdominal fat, which consumes more energy than lean meat production. Laying hens, reared for extended periods, maintain high productivity, producing a substantial number of eggs. This productivity in laying hens, akin to broilers, stems from genetic selection and breeding. For egg production, laying hens require physiological support for necessary nutrients. In this context, yolk fat accumulation is a critical physiological process. Lipoproteins, essential in avian lipid metabolism, are vital for yolk and body fat accumulation. Understanding these lipoproteins and their metabolism is key to developing healthier, more productive animals, offering economic benefits to farmers and improved nutritional quality to consumers. This review focuses on the physiological aspects of dietary fat transport, fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver, fat accumulation in the abdomen and muscles, and lipid deposition in egg yolks in chickens. It also highlights recent research trends in the regulation of fat metabolism in poultry.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.68 no.4
• /
• pp.304-312
• /
• 2023

Plant breeding is a time-consuming process, mainly due to the limited annual generational advancement. A speed breeding system, using LED light sources, has been applied to accelerate generational progression in various crops. However, detailed protocols applicable to soybeans are still insufficient. In this study, we report the optimized protocols for a speed breeding system comprising 12 soybean varieties with various maturity ecotypes. We investigated the effects of two light qualities (RGB ratio), three levels of light intensity (PPFD), and two soil conditions on the flowering time and development of soybeans. Our results showed that an increase in the red wavelength of the light spectrum led to a delay in flowering time. Furthermore, as light intensity increased, flowering time, average internode length, and plant height decreased, while the number of nodes, branches, and pods increased. When compared to agronomic soil, horticultural soil resulted in an increase of more than 50% in the number of nodes, branches, and pods. Consequently, the optimal conditions were determined as follows: a 10-hour short-day photoperiod, an equal RGB ratio (1:1:1), light intensity exceeding 1,300 PPFD, and the use of horticultural soil. Under these conditions, the average flowering time was found to be 27.3±2.48 days, with an average seed yield of 7.9±2.67. Thus, the speed breeding systems reduced the flowering time by more than 40 days, compared to the average flowering time of Korean soybean resources (approximately 70 days). By using a controlled growth chamber that is unaffected by external environmental conditions, up to 6 generations can be achieved per year. The use of LED illumination and streamlined facilities further contributes to cost savings. This study highlights the substantial potential of integrating modern crop breeding techniques, such as digital breeding and genetic editing, with generational shortening systems to accelerate crop improvement.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.129-148
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between fathers and children with Internet addiction. To achieve the goal, researchers chose face to face interview methods with 12 children who had been considered'at risk'with Internet addiction. More specifically, examiners conducted individual in-depth interviews with 12 children associated with Internet addiction for 30~40 minutes during four sessions through structured questions and non-structured questions. After collecting data, examiners conducted a categorical analysis based on collected data. Finally, the research results, discovered in this research, were as follows: First, the Internet set up the inter-generational barrier in the relationship between father and child, second, children took an interest in the Internet instead of their busy father, Third, the Internet played the role of a place to escape from the awkwardness with their father, fifth, fathers were not able to control the Internet use of their children. Based on the research results, this study suggests a desirable behavior pattern for fathers which can be conducive to children with Internet addiction and their fathers along with a follow-up study.

• Survey Research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.89-112
• /
• 2012

This study aims to explore emotional closeness between grandparents and grandchildren in Korean families with a focus on the lineage. The effects of the geographical proximity and the normative aspect as well as intergenerational financial, instrumental, and emotional supports were taken into consideration to accounting for the grandparent-grandchildren affective solidarity. Research questions are addressed using the data of "Survey on Generational Solidarity and Differences in Cultural Experience and Perception in Korea", and a series of multinomial regression model were conducted. Findings indicate that the salient factor to boost grandchildren's affective solidarity with paternal grandparents is financial transfers between grandparents and parents. By contrast, all types of intergenerational supports affected grandchildren's emotional closeness toward maternal grandparents. Geographical proximity was associated with the affective solidarity between grandchildren and maternal grandparents. The effects of normative solidarity were not shown at both lineages.

• Informatization Policy
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.61-93
• /
• 2015

This article assesses and examines democratic potentials of the Internet for U.S. citizens' political participation. The empirical analysis on the data from Pew Research Center's questionnaire survey focuses on four different political activities in both online and offline modes: casual political talk, contact with a government official, petition, and political contribution. The study answers two research inquiries: 1) How does the Internet influence the established patterns of political participation?; and 2) How does the Internet influence the demographic distribution of participatory inequality? Firstly, the Internet, by providing existing participants with additional tools for participation, reinforces conventional participation, rather than mobilizing new participation in politics. Secondly, the online patterns of the participation divide with respect to demographic characteristics imitate the traditional patterns of inequality and disproportionate representativeness in political participation. The Internet is still not a predominant medium for political activities. Citizens' utilization of its transformative and mobilizing potentials remains limited.