• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.159-174
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• 2005

This study examines adult perceptions of old age planning and the factors that explain the degree of their planning for the future. The data came from 478 adults between the age of 30 and 59 living in Gunpo city. Major findings can be summarized as follows. First, we find that participants are well aware of the need for old age planning, and that the majority of them think aey are responsible for their old age security. Nevertheless they are not preparing for later life very much. Second, they are doing their best planking for their later lives in the area of social activities. The degree of participants' preparation varies depending on their age and socioeconomic factors. Finally, participants who strongly recognize their parents' role are also more likely to plan for the future. These results suggest that the educational programs and systems for pre-instruction about various plans for old age be developed for even younger people.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

The purpose of this empirical study is to examine the effect of leisure facilities preferences and leisure activities of new-generation married women on their life satisfaction. The samples was composed of 195 married women under 35 years. old, selected by age and local distribution. The major findings of this study re as follows. The new-generation wives preferred culture.intellectual arts facilities to sport facilities to sport facilities and participated in home-oriented activities. The more new-generation married women participated in active leisure, the higher level they showed in life satisfaction. There is no significant affect of leisure facilities preference on life satisfaction. The finding of this study provide implications regarding the policies on leisure facilities and leisure education programs to enhance the quality of life of the new-generation wives, such as establishing community leisure facilities which can help the mother as well as young children enjoy their leisure activities with less expense, and managing continuing education programs in which the new-generation wives easily participate with their families.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.107-130
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• 2016

This study is aimed at the exploratory research on the influence of the obligation of extension of the retirement age on the baby boom generation. The basic question of this study is about which of the baby boom generation can get how much benefit according as the extension of the retirement age becomes compulsory. The extension of the retirement age is the system that can be applied to regular full-time workers. Accordingly, this study is intending to analyze the characteristics of the workers having a high likelihood for benefits from extension of the retirement age by tracing the economic activity state and labor history of the baby boomers. For this purpose, this study looked into the change of the economic activity state by age cohort of the male baby boomers based on the data for the Korea Labor Panel's 4th(2001) & 17th(2014)year. Using Survival analysis, this study also analyzed who will continue to remain as a regular full-time wage earner. As the result of the analysis, it was found that the more the cohort ages of baby boomers increased, the smaller the probability of remaining as a regular full-time wage earner, and the group who can get benefits from extension of the retirement age was predicted to account for only 11.4% level among the baby boomers. In addition, the result showed that there was a high likelihood of getting more benefits from extension of the retirement age when the baby boomers worked for the government-invested institution, corporate bodies, and government organizations rather than working for private enterprises. Thus, it can be safely said that there might appear a generational conflict due to extension of the retirement age in that such jobs coincide with the ones favored by the rising generation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 1995

This study is to analyze dwelling environmental planning in old age of middle age. For this purpose. the data were collected by using questionnaire distributed to 332. The data were analyzed by Chisquare test. The major findings of this research were as follow: 1. In housing plan of old age. they prefer new house .that is not exisiting house. independent house and ordindry housing region in the suburbs of urban. 2. It is 69.3～99 square meter what size of house is suitable for independent life of aged person for living with children. it is 102.3～132 square meter. 3. In the stage of independent or semi-independent life. they want aged couple-independent life. In the stage of dependent life. they want to be cared with children. 4. The garden(madang) is the most important space for age couple in establishing housing plan. They want to amplity life recuperation center and job providing facilities. In old age housing project. they prefer housing type with facility that combine old age house with young age house. According to increasement of dependence. the service support system required flexi-care-system.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2017

Purpose: Extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-producing bacteria-induced urinary tract infections are increasing and require more potent antibiotics such as carbapenems. We evaluated the clinical significance of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase -urinary tract infection in children younger than 5 years to select proper antibiotics and determine prognostic factors. Differences were compared between age groups. Methods: We retrospectively studied 288 patients with their first febrile urinary tract infection when they were younger than 5 years. Patients were divided into extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-positive and extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamasenegative urinary tract infection groups. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between the groups; an infant group was separately analyzed (onset age younger than 3 months). Results: Extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase urinary tract infection occurred in 11 % patients who had more frequent previous hospitalization (P=0.02) and higher recurrence rate (P=0.045). During the antimicrobial susceptibility test, the extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-positive urinary tract infection group showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins; however, 98% patients responded clinically. In the infant group, extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-positive urinary tract infection occurred in 13% patients and was associated with a longer pre-onset hospitalization history (P=0.002), higher C-reactive protein level (P=0.04), and higher recurrence rate (P=0.02) than that in the older group. Conclusion: Extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase urinary tract infection requires more attention because of its higher recurrence rate. The antimicrobial susceptibility test demonstrated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, but they can be used as first-line empirical antibiotics because of their high clinical response rate. Aminoglycosides can be second-line antibiotics before starting carbapenems when third-generation cephalosporins do not show bactericidal effects for extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase urinary tract infection.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.111-125
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• 2022

Recently, the MZ generation has been leading overall fashion trends, and fashion companies focus on design, marketing, and new products targeting the MZ generation. However, it is expected that a fit problem may occur if the M and Z generations are combined when producing clothing. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the differences between the two groups by comparing the body size according to the classification of the M and Z generations. In addition, this study analyzes whether the body shape of the MZ generation is different from the past generations and analyzes major changes in body size for clothing manufacturing through graphical visualization. As for the research method, a t-test was conducted to verify the significant difference between the measurements for each age group. Generation M was defined as those who are 27-39 years old, and Generation Z was defined as those who are 20-26 years old. In order to examine the changes in body measurements according to the measurement year, the 7th Size Korea and 8th Size Korea data were analyzed. In order to examine the visual changes according to the measurement year and age group, major measurements of clothing construction were analyzed. As a result, it was found that Generation M had a significantly higher height item than Generation Z. Also, in terms of circumference, width, and thickness, Generation M was larger than Generation Z. But the size of the bra cup was larger in Generation Z than Generation M. As a result of analyzing the body size changes, in the height item, the 8th Size Korea measurements were found to be significantly higher in shoulder height and navel level waist height. In the length and circumference items, the 8th Size Korea measurements were larger than the 7th. In the width, thickness, and other items, the 8th measurements were larger than the 7th.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.267-279
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• 2023

The current bra market and the purchasing behavior of women of the MZ generation in Korea are reviewed in this study. Therefore, basic data for bra product planning for women of the MZ generation are presented by investigating the wearing status and satisfaction. Through online surveys, 272 questionnaires were obtained and were analyzed through frequency analysis, cross-analysis, t-test, and variance analysis. Generation M and Generation Z share digital culture, but, due to age differences, they are compared by generation. There was, however, little significant difference between these groups. In addition, there was no significant difference between groups when factoring for the time of wearing, place of purchase, and material of bras. However, there were big differences between groups depending on whether bras had wires, lace, and their size, especially in body correction items. According to the results, it is pointless to target each generation when making a bra. Also, the young generation consumers are more interested in functionality than in the design compared to 10 years ago. It will improve consumer satisfaction if two different types of bras are produced; one that corrects the body and one that fits well even if the body is less corrected.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.225-241
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to find the difference between the parents generation and that of the children in the disciplinary methods by means of parental social population variation. With these purpose in mind, the problems have been suggested like following: 1) what are the general differences of between the two generations of parents and children in disciplinary method? 2)What are the general differences of the views between those two generations according to sex? 3) What are the general differences between the parents generation and the child generation according to age? 4) What are the general differences between the parents generation and the child generation according to education level? 5) What are the general differences between the parents generation and the child generation according to income level? In order to solve these problems, questionnaries were distributed on this appendix 374parents (father: 177, mother: 197) who have the children. Questionnaires were compose on "Parents Inventory" of Radke were employs, classfied five measures. To test and verifying the above hypothes, the following five measures. were used. 1) Philosophy of authority (authoritarian vs. democratic) 2) Parental restrition (strict and stubbon vs. democratic) 3) Severity of punishment (severity vs. mildness) 4) Parent-child rapport 9desirable vs. undesirable) 5) Relative responsibility of father and mothehr towards child disciplinary (equal vs. differ) The result of this study is like follows: 1) In general comparison of two generations, tends to be more democratic in the philosophy of authority, more relaxed and easygoing in the parental restroction, more severe in the severity of punishment, and good rapport in the parent-child rapport than grandparents generation and the responsibility of father don't change but that of mother tends to augment in child disciplinary 2) In comparison of two generation according to sex, the mother showed more democratic in the philosophy of authority and closely perceive her parents in the parent-child rapport as compared with the father. 3) In comparison of two generation according to age, the younger parents showed more relaxed attitudes towards the child disciplinary, the perception better relations of their parents in the parent-child rapport. 4) In the comparison of two generations according to education level the more educated parents showed the more relaxed and easygoing attitude towards in the parental restriction. 5) In comparison of two generation according to income, as the parents of large income generally (not always) showed easygoing than their previous generation in the parental restriction, and they perceive that they have a good one in parent-child rapport. This study caused by the some difficult problem required futher investigation on the result of two generations the problems happened in the inner unitary of items. And, it proposed some problems which constitutes the problems of the proper interpretation of the results between two generations brought about discordance of items between tow generations

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2002

This paper presents a new method for the evaluation of avoided generation costs. Unlike conventional load decrement method, it exactly considers forced outage rate and economic loading order of IPPs (Independent Power Producers). Therefore we can provide exact generation avoided costs of IPPs by the developed method. Because probabilistic simulation is conducted in this method, effects on the costs of IPPs are exactly considered. Also we suggest an allocation method of avoided generation costs by participation factor. In the case studies we have shown avoided generation costs considering loading order and forced out-age rate by using this method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2008

Funology is a compound word with fun and technology which means the products or activity carrying fun and technology at the same time. This is one of the key words that can explain the culture of post-digital generation amongst the post-digital age. The purpose of this study was to provide the creative ideas to develop the fashion designs showing funology concept for the 21st century. As a background of funology trend, general ideas about the post-digital age and the post-digital generation were reviewed. First, funology designs among the industrial products and the funology concepts in the advertisement were examined. And the ways of expression and the meanings of funology fashion designs were extracted by analyzing funology fashion between 2000 S/S and 2008 F/W. The external expression ways of funology fashion in the post-digital age were as follows: parody of popular images, inharmony by the exaggeration or transformation, trompe l'oeil, mixture of the styles shown in the children's wear and the objects of children, patterns with childlike or animation characters, and the graffiti art. The internal meanings contained in the funology fashion were 1) fantasm showing surrealistic funology that was based on the people's pursue of fantasy free from the everyday's severe routine 2) memorism showing nostalgic funology that was based on the pursue of vanishing fear of reality and going back to the childhood. To sum up, fashions showing funology were expressed in various ways in the post-digital age. This will provide the great inspirations for creating the new coming fashions and efficient healing contents for the cold-hearted emotions of nowaday's people.