• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

Objective: To determine whether the serum ${\beta}$-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) profile following preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is lower than that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Methods: A total of 129 PGD cycles and 1,161 age-matched ICSI cycles, which resulted in pregnancy (serum ${\beta}-hCG{\geq}5$ mIU/mL) on post-ovulation day (POD) 12 were included. We compared the mean serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels on POD 12, 14, 21, and 28, doubling time of serum hCG, and created a cut-off value for predicting a singleton pregnancy in each group. Results: The mean serum ${\beta}$-hCG concentration of the PGD group was significantly lower than that of the control group on POD 12, 14, and 21. The doubling time of serum ${\beta}$-hCG at each time interval showed no significant difference. The cut-off-value of serum ${\beta}$-hCG for predicting a single viable pregnancy was 32.5 mIU/mL on POD 12 and 113.5 mIU/mL on POD 14 for the PGD group, which was lower than that for the control group. Conclusion: Blastomere biopsy may decrease the ${\beta}$-hCG-producing activity of the trophoblasts, especially in early pregnancy. Setting a lower cut-off value of serum ${\beta}$-hCG for predicting pregnancy outcomes in PGD may be needed.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.685-700
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• 2016

The main object of this work to introduced and studied a new class of fuzzy general nonlinear ordered random variational inequalities in ordered Banach spaces. By using the random B-restricted accretive mapping with measurable mappings ${\alpha},{\alpha}^{\prime}:{\Omega}{\rightarrow}(0,1)$, an existence of random solutions for this class of fuzzy general nonlinear ordered random variational inequality (equation) with fuzzy mappings is established, a random approximation algorithm is suggested for fuzzy mappings, and the relation between the first value $x_0(t)$ and the random solutions of fuzzy general nonlinear ordered random variational inequality is discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of consumers' fashion design evaluation factors on design value and brand loyalty. After confirming a research hypothesis, 247 people were selected as subjects for empirical analysis, and the results of the study are as follows. As a result of the analysis of 'the influence of consumer's fashion design evaluation factors on design value', the fashion design evaluation factors of 'convenience', 'social activity usefulness' and 'fashion ability' had an effect on the emotional design value. 'Convenience', 'functional usefulness', 'social activity usefulness', 'fashionableness' and 'aesthetic' factors affected the rational design value. 'Convenience', 'fashionableness', 'aesthetic' and 'psychological self-conformity' had a positive (+) effect on kinesthetic design values. As a result of the analysis of 'Influence of consumer's fashion design value on brand loyalty', 'emotional design value', 'rational design value' and 'kinesthetic design value' affect attitude brand loyalty, and 'emotional design value' and 'kinesthetic design value' affect brand loyalty. It was found that 'kinesthetic design value' has an effect on behavioral brand loyalty. As a result of the analysis of 'the effect of consumer attitude brand loyalty on behavioral brand loyalty', it was analyzed that attitude brand loyalty had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on behavioral brand loyalty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.538-542
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• 2015

The transverse moment of inertia is an indispensable factor in analyzing the roll motion characteristics of ships and the calculating method needs to be based on the more reasonable theories when deciding the value as the results and reliability of analysis could be much affected by the correctness. However, the mass distribution and shape of hulls are quite complicated and give much difficulties in case of calculating the value directly from the ship design data, furthermore even acquiring the detailed design data for calculation is almost impossible. Therefore some simpler ways are practically adopted in the assumption that the gyradius of roll moment can be decided by a given ratio and hull width. It is well known that the responses of the free roll decay are varied according to the value of roll moment in view of roll period and amplitude decay ratio, so that the general formula to get the moment value can be derived also from the observation of roll decay responses. This study presents how the roll period and decay ratio are interrelated each other from the roll motion characteristics with suggesting a general formula to be able to calculate roll moment from it. Finally, the obtained general formula has been applied to a ship data to check the resultant characteristics through analyzing graphs and showed that the roll moment becomes more accurate when rolling period and decay ratio are considered together in calculation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.323-332
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• 1996

Precipitation samples were collected by the wet-only sampling method at Seoul from September 1993 to June 1995. Sample were analysed for the anions $(NO_3^-, NO_2^-, SO_4^{2-}, Cl^-, and F^-)$ and cations $(Na^+, K^+, Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, and NH_4^+)$ in addition to pH and electric conductivity. In order to establish the chemical analysis data of high quality, the assurance checks for analytical data of precipitation were performed by considering the ion balance and by comparing the measured conductivity with the calculated conductivity. As we applied the various assurance checking methods by the ion balance used until recently to a data set measured in this study, the f value expressed as $\Sigma C/\Sigma A$ was found to be not appropriate for the data screening. Also, the scattering plot between cations and anions in each sample was found to show the general tendency of ion balance but was proved to not quantitate the standard of data screening at a data set of samples of various concentration levels. The h value defined as (A-C)/C for C $\geq$ A and (A-C)/A for C < A was used to check the ion balance. However, the standard of data screening by h value must very in response to total ion concentration of samples. In this study, the quality assurance of chemical analysis data was checked by considering both the ion balance of evaluating by h value and the conductivity balance. Further the quality control was achieved by these quality assurance methods. As the result, 67 samples among total 77 were obtained as valid. As the central tendency value for a statistical summary in the analytical parametr of samples, the volume-weighted mean value was found to represent more the general chemistry of precipitation rather than the arithmetic mean. The volume-weighted mean pH was 5.0 and 25% of samples was less than this mean. The concentrations of sufate and nitrate in precipitation were 90.4 ueq/L and 32.4 ueq/L which made up 59% and 21% of all anions. The raion of $SO_4^{2-}/(NO_3^- + NO_2^-)$ in precipitation was 2.7, which indicates that the contributions of $H_2SO_4$ and $HNO_3$ to the acidity of precipitation are 70% and 30%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

Purpose : In this study, stroke patients' limits of stability and functional reach test and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius muscle of lower extremity muscle activities to evaluate the correlation. Methods : 30 adult stroke patients to participate in this study. Limits of stability were measured using biorescue, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle of muscles activities were measured with functional reach test when there was movement. Results : Limits of stability and functional reach test (r=0.753, p<0.01), RMS value of the limits of stability and tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.706, p<0.01), RMS value of the limits of stability and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.766, p<0.01), RMS value of the functional reach test and tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.835, p<0.01), RMS value of the functional reach test and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.663, p<0.01), RMS value of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.816, p<0.01) correlations are shown as statistically significant. Conclusion : The balance and lower extremity muscle activities of stroke patients were studied, and were positively correlated with the RMS value of the limits of stability and functional reach test, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle. This study has shown that stroke patients' ankle joint muscle activity can greatly.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.38-44
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• 2011

The central issue in this particular research is the seemingly inadequate achievement of optimum performance in the construction process, either with respect to value for money for the client and the entire construction supply chain or value in terms of the utility derived from built assets in spite of efforts by government and governmental bodies such as the Construction Industry Development Board (cidb) to increase industry performance. Therefore, based upon an extensive review of related literature, the paper reports on effects and causes of non-value adding activities in the construction industry in general, and South African construction in particular. The research findings indicate that activities that can be referred to as non-value activities are not only prevalent, but they can also be held responsible for performance related issues in terms of cost, time, quality and health and safety (H&S) in construction; and the exploration of pluralism in the research methodology may result in a robust model based upon the system dynamics approach.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient components and physicochemical properties of general ('Superior') and colored potato. Proximate composition, reducing sugar, free sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, minerals were analyzed, and Hunter color values were measured in the study. 'Rose' and 'Blue' (colored potatoes) contained high levels of reducing sugar, and total free sugar content was greatly different according to varieties. Glutamic acid, arginine and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid were detected to be the three major amino acids in colored potato, and the major organic acids of general potato were oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and citric acid. All potato contained high level of potassium, calcium and magnesium. The Hunter 'L' value was the highest in 'Jaseo'; Hunter 'a' value was high in 'Blue' and 'Jasim'; Hunter 'b' value was the highest in 'Haryoung'. Overall, colored potato had higher amount of nutrients and physicochemical properties than 'Superior'. Therefore, colored potatoes are expected to be highly valuable items for the development and applications of a functional food. In addition, these results will provide fundamental data for improving sitological value, breeding of new cultivar and promoting of roughage usage.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2013

Purpose: This study examines construction core plans for the users of vertical-typed general hospitals to effectivly use the flow line. Methods: The study sampled representative 9 hospitals, calculated the depth value through Convex Map of Space Syntax and Justified Graph according to the determination of form of construction cire, and analyzed its functional connectivity. Results: The analysis of the connectivity between operation core part and emergency part of core space with high importance in the hospitals showed that the types of hospital and hospital have the lowest depth value in the spatial phase diagram, where central treatment part and outpatient part are arranged well vertically. Elevators for patients at these hospitals are close to operation and emergency parts actually separated from the elevators for passengers. For shortening of flow line of patients and private movement environment, however, it is desirable to arrange the elevators for patients to be adjacent to the operation parts and to arrange the emergent patient entrances more effectively to separate them from the flow line of visitors and guardians. Implications: Consideration should be taken into account for the effective flow line design. This study hopefully may serve as a stepping stone for the standard design of horizontal/vertical flow line.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2015

In this paper, we studied for modified MUSIC algorithm of direction of arrival (DOA)estimation. Modified MUSIC algorithm search optimal covariance matrix using singular value decomposition and Bayes method, and desired signals are estimated by updating weight. In order to estimation of desired signals, we used sub spatial method of MUSIC algorithm. General MUSIC algorithm can estimate a desired signal in case of non-correlation signal. But, general MUSIC algorithm in case of correlation signal can not estimate a desired signals and resolution is decreased. Though simulation in case of correlation signal, we analyze to compare proposed MUSIC algorithm with general MUSIC algorithm.